This essay examines wether the prevailing opinion of Machiavelli as a prominent figure in political realism is correct or if the author is misinterpreted and can be said to represent something more. Thus, the puropse of this essay is to revise the description of Machiavelli given in widely used Swedish textbooks. This is done on the basis of a thesis saying that Machiavelli, judged not by his renowned book ‘The Prince’ (Fursten), but in the light of his extensive work ‘Discourses’ (Republiken), does not advocate a sovereign power but rather promote a pluralistic society. The method used in this essay is a qualitative textanalysis, which is done on the two books in purpose to examine three central themes in Machiavelli’s writing; the morality, the view on humanity and the state and citizen. Though there is an obvious similarity between Machiavelli’s ‘Discourses’ and the writing of Aristoteles no effort is done in this essay to describe what they have in common, but only to present a contrasting picture vis á vis the established and prevailing role of Machiavelli in Sweden. Throughout the essay it becomes clear that there is more to the subject than the authors of the textbooks let us know. By reading ‘Discourses’ I therefore stress the importance of civic virtue and rule of law in Machiavelli’s thinking.

Orientador: Suzy Maria Lagazzi Rodrigues / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T07:13:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maluf-Souza_Olimpia_M.pdf: 25037213 bytes, checksum: 3602d02be4b6f8fba60709b8d661b372 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: Tomando como corpus o laudo de comprovação de higidez mental elaborado com base em um fato relativamente recente de homicídio em série no país, o presente estudo visa a analisar as condições de produção do referido laudo. O referêncial teórico adotado é o da Análise do Discurso da Escola Francesa. Verificar as condições de produção dos laudos periciais implica dar visibilidade à posição sujeito perito, ou seja, suas incrições discursivas enquanto sujeito interprete, interpelado pela ideologia na história. Dessa forma, o que mostramos com esse estudo é o espaço de movência do sujeito perito na confluência dos discursos jurídico e médico. Essa posição sujeito perito será constantemente confrontada com as posições dos teóricos da psiquiatria e da psicologia, cujo os pareceres, juntamente com o dos peritos (psiquiatria forense), são decisórios no diagnóstico final do periciando. Em síntese, a visibilidade das formas-sujeito e das formas de assujeitamento se dará no texto (laudo) enquanto materialidade discursiva / Abstract: his work concerns as source of research - corpus - the judicial report on the mental illness of a criminal who was accused of homicide in series - serial-kiler in 1998. The present study aims to analyse the conditions of the written productions on the referred report. The theoretical reference adopted is of the French Discourse Analysis. To analyse the written production of reports implies to give visibility to the position of the expert subject, in other words, its discursive inscriptions as an interpreter subject, interpellated by ideology in history. This work also shows the space of mobility ofthe expert subject in the confluence of the jurídical and medical discourses. This position of the expert subject will be constantly confronted with the positions ofthe theoreticians of psychiatry and psychology, whose technical opinions, together with the opinion of the experts (forensic psychiatry), are decisive to the final diagnosis about the examined criminal (periciando). In summing up, the visibility of the subject-forms and the forms of negation of the subject (assujeitamento) will be pointed out in the text (report) as discursive materiality / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-29T19:48:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leicy Francisca da SIlva- 2013.pdf: 3644858 bytes, checksum: 3c60e5e4afa9cb68c9701c6fb8d2e236 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T10:01:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leicy Francisca da SIlva- 2013.pdf: 3644858 bytes, checksum: 3c60e5e4afa9cb68c9701c6fb8d2e236 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-30T10:01:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leicy Francisca da SIlva- 2013.pdf: 3644858 bytes, checksum: 3c60e5e4afa9cb68c9701c6fb8d2e236 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser le processus de construction de la lèpre dans l’Etat de Goiás, au Brésil. Pour ce faire, on a cherché, par l’analyse des discours médicaux et politiques produits pendant la période comprise entre 1830 et 1962, à observer les transformations de la façon de penser et d’exprimer le problème, et les éléments relatifs au pouvoir et au savoir qui construisent la maladie comme problème médico-politique. Les principaux documents utilisés dans cette analyse se composent de rapports médicaux, de revues médicales de Goiás, de rapports gouvernementaux des Provinces/Etats, et de journaux locaux. L’hypothèse défendue est que la manière de concevoir la maladie analysée s’est transformée à Goiás dans les années 1920. La morphée, qui était vue, au XIXe siècle, comme possiblement curable et dont les malades coexistaient avec les sains dans les espaces urbains, a donné place à la lèpre, maladie contagieuse qui se propage sur les espaces pauvres et “sans civilisation” de l’Etat, et qui exigeait que des actions soient entreprises pour la contenir. Cette transformation a lieu dans un contexte de croissance de l’intérêt porté à l’espace de l’intérieur du Brésil et à un moment de dispute discursive au sujet du transfert de la capitale fédérale de Rio de Janeiro à Goiás. Les discours construits autour de cette question présentaient un espace et une population caractérisés par la maladie et par l’absence du pouvoir public. Ainsi, les gouvernements, sans moyens d’assumer la politique sanitaire d’assistance médicale aux malades dans les années 1920 et 1930, laissent ce rôle aux institutions philanthropiques ; alors qu’à la fin des années 1930 et pendant les années 1940, l’Etat se l’approprie et centralise la politique de prophylaxie qu’il rapproche fortement du projet de construction de la nouvelle capitale de l’Etat de Goiás. Pour les médecins, la lutte pour l’hégémonie sur le problème sert de mot d’ordre pour le renforcement de la classe et pour sa projection sur la scène politique, dans le cadre de la défense du progrès régional. / This thesis aims at analyzing the process of construction of Leprosy in the Goiás. It seeks to observe the changes referring to the ways of thinking and of expressing the problem, as well as the factors related to power and knowledge, which constructs a disease as a medical-political problem, through the analyzes of the medical and political discourses produced over the period between 1830-1962. The main documents used for the analysis were the reports of general practicioners, medical magazines from Goiás, reports from the local and state government and local newspapers as well. The hypothesis is that in Goiás, in the 1920’s, there was a change in the way the disease was conceived. The morphea, which in the nineteenth century, was seen as a possibly curable disease and whose patients lived in urban areas together with the healthy individuous, gave place to leprosy, a contagious disease, that spread over the poor and uncivilization areas, which demanded state measures in order to control it. This change becomes contextualized in the increased interest in the countryside of Brazil and in the discursive dispute with respect to moving the Federal capital to Goiás. The discourse constructed around of this issue represents a space and a population characterized by the disease and the absence of the State power. Thus, the government, without conditions to undertake the sanitary policy for patients ‘medical care, in the 1920’s and in the 1930’s, allowed the phylantropic institutions to take care of it, though it was later taken over by the State at the end of the 1930’s and the 1940’s, which centralized the prophylaxis policy and strongly relates to the construction project of the new State capital. For the doctors, the struggle for hegemony over the issue serves as a motto for the strengthening of the class and their projections in the field of politics, in the defence of regional progress. / Esta tese tem como objetivo principal analisar o processo de construção da lepra em Goiás. Para tanto, busca, por meio das análises dos discursos médicos e políticos produzidos no período entre 1830 a 1962, observar as transformações referentes ao modo de pensar e expressar o problema e os elementos relativos ao poder e ao saber que constroem a doença como problema médico-político. Os principais documentos utilizados nessa análise são os relatórios de médicos-viajantes, revistas médicas goianas, relatórios dos governos provinciais/estaduais e jornais locais. A hipótese defendida é que ocorre em Goiás, na década de 1920, uma transformação na forma de conceber a doença. A morfeia, que no século XIX era vista como possivelmente curável e cujos doentes conviviam nos espaços urbanos com os sadios, dá lugar à lepra, uma doença contagiosa, que se expandia pelos espaços pobres e “sem civilização”, e que exigia ações do Estado para sua contenção. Esta transformação se faz contextualizada no aumento do interesse pelo espaço do interior do Brasil e na disputa discursiva com respeito à mudança da capital federal para Goiás. Os discursos construídos em torno desta questão apresentam um espaço e uma população caracterizados pela doença e pela ausência do poder público. Assim, os governos, sem condições para assumir a política sanitária de assistência médica aos doentes, nas décadas de 1920 e 1930, deixam esse papel para as instituições filantrópicas, sendo que no final da década de 1930 e na década de 1940 ele é apropriado pelo Estado, que centraliza a política de profilaxia e a relaciona fortemente com o projeto de construção da nova capital estadual. Para os médicos, a luta pela hegemonia sobre o problema serve como mote para o fortalecimento da classe e para sua projeção no campo da política, na defesa do progresso regional.

A dança é um elemento cultural. Nas pesquisas que se ocupam do universo literário de João Guimarães Rosa, a dança é ainda um elemento insuficientemente pesquisado, embora o baile vinque fortemente os textos, permeando a narrativa lírica com o fenômeno dança. Entre os escritores brasileiros, dois interessam particularmente aos estudos do baile que compõem esta tese: João Guimarães Rosa e Mário de Andrade. O primeiro evidenciou claramente a intenção de apropriar-se do discurso da dança nominando um de seus livros de Corpo de Baile. O segundo, além de produzir uma série diversa de poemas dedicados ao baile, escolheu como fulcro de um dos títulos mais importantes do modernismo Macunaíma os fenômenos culturais da dança. Tanto Mário de Andrade quanto Guimarães Rosa são pródigos na construção de textos labirínticos em que se valem do próprio e do alheio, estabelecendo um diálogo de apropriação que articula a subjetividade lírica a partir de elementos extraídos da cultura popular e do cânone literário. A literatura rosiana constrói um diálogo que, por um lado, embaralha internamente a obra e, por outro, mistura nas cartas embaralhadas entretrechos de obras alheias. A leitura do entretrecho levou o presente estudo de Guimarães Rosa a Mário de Andrade. No universo desses dois escritores labirínticos, a dança e seus fenômenos são o fio de Ariadne estendido do início ao fim desta tese, que objetiva examinar, no diálogo entre linguagens diferentes a da literatura e a da dança a contribuição que a compreensão dos fenômenos da dança pode proporcionar aos estudos literários, já que a dança participa vivamente da construção da palavra literária nas obras examinadas. Esta tese se compõe de três partes. Na primeira, explora a presença da dança nos Primeiros Guimarães, buscando no labirinto dos textos o caminho do baile rosiano, que se inicia em Sagarana, atravessa o Grande Sertão: Veredas e se declara em Corpo de Baile. Na segunda parte, examina a origem e o lugar social do baile. Na terceira, rastreia a dança no cânone literário, pesquisando a função da dança nas obras de João Guimarães Rosa e, em função do diálogo estabelecido nos entretrechos, examinando particularmente a obra de Mário de Andrade e as relações entre o Mutum de Campo Geral, Corpo de Baile, e o Mutum de Macunaíma. / Dance is a cultural element. In the studies devoted to the literary universe of João Guimarães Rosa, o baile (dance) has still been insufficiently researched although it intensively marks the permeated texts, permeating the lyric narration with the dance phenomenon. Among the Brazilian writers, two, in special, raise most interest regarding dance studies and were selected to compose this present thesis: João Guimarães Rosa and Mário de Andrade. The former clearly evidenced his intention to appropriate the dance discourse, one of his books was named Corpo de Baile (Corps de Ballet). The latter, besides a series of poems dedicated to baile, produced one of the most important titles of Modernism, Macunaíma Both Mário de Andrade and Guimarães Rosa are profuse in creating labyrinthine texts which operate the literary labor by utilizing his own and the others, and establishing a dialogue of appropriation which articulate lyrical subjectivity from elements extracted from popular culture, common to both, with the literary canon. The literature of Rosa constructs a dialogue which, on the one hand, internally shuffles the work, on the other hand, the shuffled cards mix excerpts from others works. The reading of these inserted excerpts led to the present study of Guimarães Rosa and Mário de Andrade. In the universe of these two labyrinthine writers, the dance and its related aspects constitute the Ariadnes Thread, outstretched from the beginning to the end of this study whose aim is to understand via the dialogue between two different languages literature and dance what contribution the comprehension of the dance phenomena brings to the literary study, since, dance, undeniably, participates in the construction of the literary word. This thesis is composed of three sections. In the first, it investigates the presence of dance in Primeiros Guimarães, searching in the labyrinth of texts the route to the Rosas baile initiated in Sagarana, followed by Grande Sertão: Veredas and, finally, declared in Corpo de Baile. In the second section, the origin and the social place are focused. The third part tracks the dance in the literary canon, studying its role in the literary discourse of João Guimarães Rosa and, due to the dialogue among the excerpts, it particularly underlines Mário de Andrade and the relationships among Mutum of Campo Geral, Corpo de Baile, and Mutum of Macunaíma.

Esta tese nasce da inquietude sofrida pelo aluno no ensino da psicanálise na universidade que precisa enfrentar em sua formação a lógica curricular que impera na academia. O objetivo principal desta tese é atribuir e analisar o lugar do aluno no ensino da psicanálise na universidade, extraindo recomendações indispensáveis ao seu percurso. Para tanto, formulou-se um caminho metodológico não muito usual. Em primeiro plano, a experiência como aluno através de diário de campo das aulas do doutorado. Em seguida, fomentou-se uma discussão sobre o ensino da psicanálise na universidade, em um grupo de estudos com alunos da universidade. A análise do material se deteve sobre os pontos em que o discurso derrapa, pontos em que algo que era afirmado como o verdadeiro se destitui. O arremate final é a construção da ficção sobre Descartes para discutir o lugar do aluno nesse ensino. As discussões teóricas e sobre os grupos permitiram a indicação de que pelo discurso da histérica é possível habitar a universidade sem se paralisar ou entrar em uma busca incessante em relação ao saber. Mas habitar sempre esse mesmo discurso também é atroz, não permite o movimento que é necessário em relação ao não querer saber / This thesis was born from the uneasiness in psychoanalysis teaching suffered by the student that has to deal with the structure of the psychology course. The main objective of this thesis is to assign and to analyze the students place at psychoanalysis teaching in the university, giving essential recommendations to its route. Therefore, an unusual methodological approach was formulated. It started with the experience of writing a journal about the doctorate classes; then a discussion on the teaching of psychoanalysis in the university was put forward, in a study group with university students. The analysis of the material stood over the points where the speech fails, points at which something previously affirmed as true turned false. The finish line is the construction of fiction about Descartes to discuss the student\'s place in education. Theoretical and groups discussions allowed the indication that through the hysterical discourse it is possible to inhabit the university without being paralyzed or led into a never-ending quest for knowledge. But always inhabiting that same discourse is also atrocious; it does not allow the movement that is required with regard to the not wanting to know

Este trabalho acadêmico propõe um olhar sobre as crônicas do autor Raul Pompéia, jornalista político, conhecido por seu romance O Ateneu , clássico da Literatura Brasileira, entretanto pouco reconhecido por suas publicações na imprensa periódica nacional do século XIX, principalmente nos folhetins, durante os anos de 1880-1894, época em que contribuiu intensamente com a publicação de seus escritos, como observador dos fatos e dos acontecimentos do cotidiano do povo brasileiro. Faremos uma análise da poética vigente em suas crônicas, cuja riqueza da linguagem reflete o autor literário, jornalista e consequentemente historiador, uma vez que o ato da escrita fez parte da vida do cronista, e tornou-se um espelho da sociedade brasileira do final do século XIX, nas páginas da Revista Ilustrada, do Diário de Minas, do jornal O Farol, do O Estado de São Paulo, do Jornal do Comércio, da Gazeta de Not ícias e da Gazeta da Tarde. / This paper proposes an academic look at the chronicles of Raul Pompéia, a political journalist , famous for his novel O Ateneu , classic of Brazilian literature, but little known by its national periodical publications in the press of the 19th century, especially in serials, during the years of 1880-1894, when he contributed constantly to the political though of his time with the publication of his writings, as an observer of facts and events of everyday life of the Brazilian people. We will perform an analysis of the poetic force in his its chronicles, which reflect the richness of the literary language of this author . He was a journalist but became also a historian consequently, since his writings became a mirror of Brazilian society at the end of the 19th century, in the pages of Revista Fluminense, O Estado de São Paulo , Jornal do Comércio , A Província do Espírito Santo, Gazeta de Notícias and Gazeta da Tarde .

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-23T11:41:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lorenagoretticarvalhobarroso.pdf: 6501862 bytes, checksum: 630d3cef0715e8aeef8c95cefe7d358b (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Favor corrigir no título: SUS on 2016-10-04T15:51:46Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-04T17:08:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lorenagoretticarvalhobarroso.pdf: 6501862 bytes, checksum: 630d3cef0715e8aeef8c95cefe7d358b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-05T11:30:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lorenagoretticarvalhobarroso.pdf: 6501862 bytes, checksum: 630d3cef0715e8aeef8c95cefe7d358b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-05T11:30:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lorenagoretticarvalhobarroso.pdf: 6501862 bytes, checksum: 630d3cef0715e8aeef8c95cefe7d358b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T11:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lorenagoretticarvalhobarroso.pdf: 6501862 bytes, checksum: 630d3cef0715e8aeef8c95cefe7d358b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / A presente dissertação visa contribuir para as reflexões acerca da participação da comunicação nas práticas sociais, uma vez que a produção de informação e o conhecimento a respeito de políticas públicas e dos espaços de participação perpassa o discurso produzido, debatido e endossado pelos grandes meios de comunicação. Desta forma, discute-se a interface da comunicação com a saúde e a abertura de perspectivas para os estudos do campo compósito da Comunicação e Saúde, o qual é marcado por disputas de sentidos em que a centralidade e a potencialidade de alcance da mídia configuram a comunicação como importante zona de diálogo em função da amplitude das políticas públicas de saúde. A Constituição Federal de 1988, ao incorporar algumas deliberações da 8ª Conferência Nacional de Saúde (CNS), estabeleceu a garantia da saúde como direito de todos e dever do Estado tendo como marcos a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e a instituição da participação da comunidade como uma de suas diretrizes. Nesta perspectiva, esta pesquisa propõe-se a analisar os discursos materializados nas notícias publicadas pelos jornais impressos Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo a respeito das sete Conferências Nacionais de Saúde realizadas entre 1992 e 2015 (da 9ª a 15ª CNS). A partir dos dispositivos de Análise de Discurso, verifica-se a centralidade dos meios de comunicação na mobilização de sentidos hegemônicos que tangenciam o funcionamento do Estado, tendo em vista a recorrência de formações discursivas que atribuem a ele a responsabilidade por uma suposta má gestão e um subfinanciamento da saúde pública em concomitância a discursos neoliberais. Observa-se, ainda que em menor escala, a presença de sentidos que remetem ao controle social das políticas públicas de saúde. Trata-se, portanto, de um olhar transversal a respeito das relações de poder manifestas no discurso produzido sobre a saúde por meio de mecanismos comunicativos. / This thesis aims to contribute to the reflections on the participation of communication in social practices, once the production of information and knowledge about public policies and spaces for participation that cross the discourse produced, debated and endorsed by the media. Thus, we discuss the communication interface between health and opening prospects for studies of the composite field of Communication and Health, which is marked by disputes of senses in which the centrality and the media potential reach that configures the communication as an important role in dialogue zone in function of the public health policies. The Federal Constitution of 1988, when incorporate some resolutions of the 8th National Health Conference (CNS), established the guarantee of health as a universal right and duty of the State taking as benchmarks the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS) and the institution of community participation as one of its guidelines. This mainstay, our research propose the analysis of the speeches materialized in the news published by newspapers Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo about the seven National Health Conferences held between 1992 and 2015 (from 9th to 15th CNS). From the Discourse Analysis devices, we verify the centrality of the media in mobilizing hegemonic meanings that also affect the functioning of the state, given the recurrence of discursive formations that give it responsibility for an alleged mismanagement and underfunding of public health concomitantly the neoliberal discourse. We observed, although to a lesser extent, the presence of meanings that refer to the social control of public health policies. It is, therefore, a cross look about the power relations manifest in the discourse produced about health through communicative mechanisms.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mara_Rejane_Vieira_Osorio_Tese.pdf: 1834708 bytes, checksum: 8257a13d2bc56f8b208a9c7ac5714700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-30 / This study dealt with the analysis of discourses developed and implemented by the Open University of Brazil (UAB), with the intention to transform and modernize the brazilian teacher via distance education. The main objective of the research was to question, describe and analyze how the discourses of UAB and its priority Distance Education (EAD) act to transform teacher training, the teacher himself and what it means to be a teacher. This work is supported by theoretical focus came from elements of post-struturalist/foucauldian perspective that focuses on studies of governmentality. From this perspective, I propose to understand teacher training as a matter of government of teachers conducts, and UAB as a human technology, among others, developed to lead and manage part of this government. I observed the movement of two sets of UAB speeches: discourses presented in official documents and discourses of the Distance Bachelor in Mathematics Teaching (CLMD), one of the Federal University of Pelotas graduate courses. The following strategies were used for developing this study: analysis of official documents related to UAB and CLMD; analysis of teachers, students and manager of CLMD discourses and analysis of speeches presented in UAB events. I argued with this study, that the UAB (seen as general political discourse in the case of official speeches) produces a system of rationality that creates, directs, encourages and guides the direction of teacher training by distance education. In the case of CLMD (here, understood as a pedagogical practice of subjectivity), I have argued that the speeches focused on the Distant Education, and establish boundaries for constraining the government of teachers conducts, because they interfere in the way students act on themselves to produce their subjectivities. / Este estudo tratou da análise de discursos desenvolvidos e implementados pela Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB), com intenção de transformar e modernizar a formação docente brasileira através da modalidade à distância. O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi problematizar, descrever e analisar como os discursos da UAB e sua prioridade à Educação à Distância (EAD) atuam no sentido de transformar a formação de professores, o próprio professor e o que significa ser professor. O foco teórico que alimenta este trabalho segue alguns elementos da perspectiva pós-estruturalista/foucaultiana que se detém aos estudos sobre governamentalidade. Através desta perspectiva de estudo, proponho compreender a formação como uma questão de governo das condutas docentes, e a UAB como uma tecnologia humana, entre outras, fabricada para conduzir e controlar uma parte desse governo. Olhei para o movimento dos discursos da UAB sob dois aspectos: o do discurso oficial e o do Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática à Distância (CLMD), ofertado pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas. O desenvolvimento deste estudo aconteceu através dos seguintes instrumentos: análise de documentos oficiais relacionados à UAB e ao CLMD; análise de discursos de professores e alunos e gestor do CLMD e a análise de discursos proferidos em eventos da UAB. Defendi, com este estudo, que a UAB, enquanto discurso político geral, no caso dos discursos oficiais, produz um sistema de racionalidades que cria, dirige, anima e orienta os rumos da formação docente pela modalidade à distância; no caso do CLMD, enquanto prática pedagógica de subjetivação, defendi que os discursos, voltados para a EaD, condicionam e criam fronteiras para o governo das condutas dos professores, porque interferem no modo como os alunos atuam sobre si mesmos para produzirem suas subjetividades.

In Sweden, male pedagogues in preschools make up only 3,5% of the employees. Since they are a minority, do they experience themselves as being positioned peculiarly by the female staff? The preschool curriculum says that the adults should be role models for gender equality and neutralize traditional gender roles, but if a shelf needs to be hung up or heavy items need to be lifted, who will be asked to do those tasks? The purpose of this thesis was to examine how male pedagogues in the study are being positioned in a female-dominated occupation. Which subject positions appear, and how do they appear, from the informants’ descriptions of their occupation? We wanted to find out how male pedagogues describe their work practice according to which masculinity norms appear. The study was made through interviews with seven male pedagogues working in three different preschools. The theories we used to analyze the material was Raewyn Connell and Rebecca Pearse’s perspective on gender and Connell’s masculinities and Marianne Winther Jörgensen and Louise Phillips interpretation on Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory. The result of the study was that depending on how men are being positioned we can find different answers. When they position themselves as “preschool pedagogues” they claim that men and women work equally, whilst when they position themselves as “men” they describe how they are being expected to do tasks that are masculinely coded. Some informants are being expected to perform like a supply father and role model. Thus, some of the male pedagogues perceive the preschool as a practice where traditional gender roles are being reproduced.

In 2009 a member of the Ugandan parliament presented a draft law called ”the Anti-homosexuality bill”. The bill included further restrictions against homosexuality, which already is a crime in Uganda. For instance it suggested that homosexuals should be sentenced to death. The world reacted strongly to this draft law and proclaimed it to violate principles of universal human rights. Media, political leaders and non-governmental organisations all over the world condemned the draft law and a discussion about human rights in Uganda rose. The perception of the international society, criticising the draft law, seemed to be that human rights are universal and should be valid in every state of the world, whereas the message from Ugandan politicians indicated that they ought to be able to legislate without any external interference. This thesis aims to define discourses of human rights within the Ugandan society. We will focus on the Ugandan government and the Ugandan civil society and we will distinguish differences between urban and rural areas. To be able to define a discourse of human right in the Ugandan civil society we performed a field study in the country during eight weeks from April to June 2010. This was made possible through a minor field study scholarship (MFS), funded by SIDA. With our base in the capital Kampala we travelled around the country to visit and interview organisations in both urban and rural areas. The gathered data was then analysed and compared with the data of the Ugandan government, which was achieved through text analyses. Our thesis will show that there are apparent differences in discourses and perceptions of human rights. We divide the studied areas into three discourses; the government, national NGOs and regional NGOs. In the last part of our thesis we will present conclusions and reflections about the result of the field study.