The vast literature of World War II in France contains a major gap. There is little on the daily life of civilians prior to France's defeat during the Battle of France or civilian life after the liberation of France from the German occupier. Most literature on France during the war focuses on the Vichy years from 1940-1944. This dissertation extends the timeline to encapsulate the whole war from 1939-1945. By doing so, historians can uncover other themes central to the French civilian experience besides the German presence. This dissertation shows the benefits of this chronological extension through its investigation of the southern French city of Montélimar. This dissertation argues that from the time France entered World War II until the end of the war France was occupied. To consider this, one must look at the central theme of requisitions. For the entirety of the war, people all over France had to adapt because of the imposition of requisition policies. French government policy required the sacrifice of civilian possessions in a time of war. These policies continued across different governments: the French Third Republic, Vichy France, the Italian occupation, the German occupation, and during the Free French provisional government. Montélimar's civilians understood that requisitions were necessary. There was, however, a limit to their understanding. When civilians felt they were excessively burden with requisitions or unfairly treated, they appealed in a number of ways. They engaged with the state in what this dissertation calls the "politics of requisitioning." It provided a figurative space where civilians challenged their responsibilities to the state. Though civilian appeals usually failed, they provided an opportunity where civilians contested the meaning of their civic responsibilities and the state explored the limits of its obligations to the inhabitants of the city. These experiences, in addition to the Axis occupation, capture daily life in wartime Montélimar.

Bakgrund: Ungdomar med ADHD löper en ökad risk för konsekvenser, såsom lägre livskvalitet, svårigheter med relationer och akademiska utmaningar. Det är viktigt att belysa ungdomarnas upplevelser som skolsköterskan kan utgå ifrån i de hälsofrämjande mötena. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att belysa ungdomars upplevelser av hur diagnosen ADHD påverkar deras dagliga liv. Metod: Vald metod samt analysmetod var metasyntes. Studien baserades på analys av resultatet i 12 kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i nio subteman som bildade fyra huvudteman: Påverkan från omgivningen, Känna sig annorlunda och utesluten, En fungerande skolgång är betydande samt Påverkan på det dagliga livet. Resultatet visade att ADHD påverkar ungdomens dagliga liv där ungdomarna efterfrågar stöd av omgivningen, samt en skolmiljö och undervisning som anpassats efter deras förutsättningar. Konklusion: ADHD påverkade ungdomarnas dagliga liv där skolsköterskan behöver arbeta ihop med elevhälsoteamet, lärare samt vårdnadshavare för att kunna ge ungdomarna det stöd de behöver. / Background: Adolescents with ADHD report lower quality of life, difficulties with relationships, and academic challenges. It is important to highlight the experiences of the adolescents’ daily life, which the school nurse can use as a basis in health-promoting encounters. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to illuminate adolescents’ experiences of how the diagnosis of ADHD affects their daily lives. Method: The chosen method and analysis method was a metasynthesis. The study was based on the analysis of the results of 12 qualitative articles Findings: The results showed that ADHD affects the adolescents’ daily lives. The adolescents sought support from their environment, as well as a school environment and education adapted to their conditions. Conclusion: ADHD affected the adolescents’ daily life where the school nurse needs to work together with the student health team, teachers, and guardians to provide adolescents the support they need.

The water's shore, used for defense, trade, transportation and industry, always plays an important role in a city's development. Buildings were built there to fulfill related practical functions, such as barns, factories or piers. However, at the present time, the functions mentioned above are not the only purpose of the shore, now more entertainment activies happen along the water's edge. Therefore, architecture's roles are changing. The site is in a small town called Riva San Vitale, which is located at the south end of Lake Lugano, Switzerland. For this small town, lake's shore is usually used by local people as a place for relaxation. Based on my four-month long living experiences there, I decided to design an art center on the lake to enrich residents' daily life. / Master of Architecture / A folding method was used in form processing to reflect the mountains' shapes surrounding the town. Through this whole process, my thesis explores how the architecture is used as an instrument to bring art into people's daily life and, at the same time, extend people's life into nature. As a result, the Art Center will become a new plaza of Riva San Vitale.

This study explores the ways in which objects are used in the organization of daily life, by specifically focusing on the use of prayer beads and their mechanical and digital variations. For this purpose, a framework based on material culture and practice theory is employed to understand how Islam informs and guides the organization and the conduct of daily life around the pervasive prayer practices, the ways objects are used for these purposes and how practices and products co-evolve by influencing each other. Fieldwork with devout Muslims, who are using prayer beads together with mechanical and digital counters for their daily praying practices, is conducted by employing ethnomethodology. Findings on the ways in which objects are used, utilized, appropriated and adopted within the socio-cultural and political dynamics of Islam in Turkey are analysed regarding the social and practical aspects of daily life such as the organization of daily life and daily practices, the core issues shaping these practices, thus objects, how identity discourse reflected on/by the use of objects and the ensemble of products that is orchestrated for a meaningful organization of daily life around prayer practices.

Bakgrund: Kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) är kronisk luftrörs/lungsjukdom. World Health Organisation [WHO] informerar att KOL kommer bli den tredje största dödsorsaken globalt och 3 miljoner människor har dött på grund av KOL år 2012 i världen och samtidigt sjukdomen har ökat bland kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa upplevelserna av att leva med KOL hos kvinnor. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på sju vetenskapliga, kvalitativa artiklar. I de inkluderade artiklarna kunde man läsa om kvinnors upplevelser. Artiklar analyserades utifrån beskrivning av allmän textanalys. Resultat: Resultat presenterades i följande tre kategorier, upplevelser av fysiska svårigheter och begräsningar såsom förlorat styrka att göra vardagliga saker, att vara begränsad till sitt rum, begränsad aktiviteter och sömn svårigheter. Upplevelser av oro och rädsla såsom om att bli andfådd, att dö i sömnen eller att andningstekniken inte ska fungera. Upplevelser av skuldkänslor relaterad till rökning, att man sätter skulden på myndigheterna då man inte fick information om konsekvenserna. Slutsats: Patienter med sjukdomen KOL kan uppleva begränsningar i vardagen på grund av sjukdomen. Deras sociala liv kan också påverkas då de ofta blir bundna till sina hem. Det kan man påstå att det behövs vidare forskning. / Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic bronchial/pulmonary disease. World Health Organisation (WHO) informs that COPD will become the third largest cause of death globally and 3 million people have died due to this disease in the year 2012 in world and same time this disease have increased among women. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of women living with COPD disease. Method: A general literature review was performed based on seven scientific qualitative articles. The included articles were about women´s experiences. Analysis of the selected qualitative studies was performed by a general text analysis. Results: The result was presented in three categories. The first category was about experiences of physical difficulties and limitations that dealt loss of the strength to do daily life things, being confined to own room or house, limited activities in and outside of house and insomnia. The second category was about experiences of anxiety and fear of being short of breath, dying in sleep and breathing techniques failure. Third category dealt with experiences of Guilt related to smoking, blaming authorities that they did not given information about consequences of smoking. Conclusion: Patients with COPD may experience limitations in daily life because of the disease. Their daily life can also be affected as they are often confined to their homes. It may be argued that it is needed further research.

Bakgrund I Sverige lider uppskattningsvis 20 % av befolkningen av långvarig smärta som kan skattas måttlig till svår. Smärta är en subjektiv upplevelse som kan definieras som sensoriskt och känslomässigt obehag. Syfte Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur patienter upplever att långvarig smärta påverkar deras liv samt att beskriva de ingående studiernas datainsamlingsmetod. Metod Tolv kvalitativa artiklar som berörde patienters upplevelser av att leva med långvarig smärta inkluderades efter sökningar i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl och sammanställdes i en deskriptiv litteraturstudie. Huvudresultat Patienterna upplevde att långvarig smärta påverkade alla aspekter av deras liv. De beskrev smärtans oförutsägbarhet och hur kroppen kändes förändrad, icke tillförlitlig och icke funktionell. Många beskrev hur de påverkades både psykiskt och socialt samt att de drabbats av nedstämdhet, depressioner och minskad livskvalitet. Patienterna beskrev att det kunde vara svårt att acceptera smärtan som en del av livet, då acceptans först sågs som ett nederlag. Med tiden lärde sig många av patienterna att både hantera och acceptera smärtan, de omvärderade sin vardag och lärde sig att se livet ur andra perspektiv. Slutsats Att leva med långvarig smärta innebar att vardagen begränsades och hela livet påverkades, detta födde rädsla och oro som kunde leda till nedstämdhet och depression. Många patienter hade svårt att acceptera smärtan som en del av livet och behövde stöd i att lära sig hantera den. Därför behövs det mer forskning kring hur sjukvården ska kunna assistera patienterna i detta. / Background Twenty percent of the Swedish population is suffering from chronic pain that can be rated as medium to severe. Pain is a subjective experience that can be defined as a sensory or emotional discomfort.     Aim The aim of this literature review was to describe how patients experience that chronic pain are effecting their lives and to describe the data collection of the included studies.  Method Twelve articles with a qualitative design concerning patient experiences of living with chronic pain was included through searches of databases PubMed and Cinahl and compiled in a descriptive literature review. Main Results The patients experienced that chronic pain affected all aspects of their lives. They described the unpredictability of the pain and how the body felt changed, non-reliable and non-functional. Many patients described how they were affected both psychologically and socially. They were also suffering from low mood, depression and loss of quality of live. The patients described difficulties with accepting the pain as a part of life, acceptance was seen as a defeat at first. With time, many patients learned how to manage and accept the pain. They revalued their everyday life and learned to look at life in different perspectives.    Conclusion Living with chronic pain meant a restricted everyday life and there was a general impact on life. This lead to fear and anxiety that could lead to low mood and depression. A lot of patients found it difficult to accept the pain as a part of life and were in need of support with pain management. There is a need of more research concerning how the healthcare can aid patients in this matter.

Bakgrund: Varje år insjuknar ungefär 700 barn i diabetes typ 1. Orsakerna kan vara olika. Sjukdomen kan ha ärftliga, autoimmuna och icke-ärftliga faktorer och behandlingen är livslång. Syfte: Att beskriva föräldrars erfarenheter av att vara förälder till barn med diabetes typ1 samt beskriva de valda artiklarnas datainsamlingsmetod. Metod: Deskriptiv litteraturstudie som inkluderade 11 artiklar. Huvudresultat: Den upplevda erfarenheten från föräldrar som har ett barn som insjuknat i diabetes typ 1 var implikationen på livet och vardagen och uppfattningen om att livet aldrig mer skulle bli vad det varit. Familj såsom syskon och övriga relationer påverkades. Ett barn med diabetes uppfattades av föräldrarna som ett dygnsomfattande ansvar där kontroller av blodsockernivån måste utföras dag som natt. Förändringar i arbetssituationen genomfördes för att i större utsträckning delta i barnets vård under dagtid. Känslor av otrygghet, stress och att inte ha kontroll då barnen inte var i närheten fanns. Därför ansågs en familje- och individanpassad information och utbildning vara viktig, men också mer handfasta råd i vardagen. Stödgrupper och mentorer upplevdes som stöd av föräldrarna. De inkluderade artiklarna använde sig av intervjuer och frågeformulär som datainsamlingsmetod. Slutsats: Föräldrars erfarenhet av att leva med barn med diabetes typ 1 handlar mycket om påverkan på det dagliga livet, känslor som stress och oro samt vikten av stöd från sjukvården, andra föräldrar och framförallt familjen. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan har kompetens om både sjukdomen i sig men även hur den påverkar livet för familjen, samt framsteg inom forskningsområdet för att kunna hjälpa och stödja dessa familjer på bästa sätt och ge adekvat omvårdnad. / Background: Each year about 700 children get diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. There are many factors that can come into play. These factors can be hereditary, autoimmune and non-hereditary factors and the treatment for type 1 diabetes are lifelong. Aim: To describe the experiences of parents who have children with type 1 diabetes as well as describe the data collection method of the selected articles. Method: Descriptive literature that included 11 articles. Main result: The perceived experience of parents who have a child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was the implication of life and everyday life and the perception that life would never be what it had once been. Family members such as siblings and other relationships were affected. A child with diabetes was perceived by parents as a daily extension of responsibilities as blood sugar levels had to be monitored day and night. Parents work schedules were adjusted to be more conductive to the child´s care during the day. Many parents feel insecure, stressed out and a loss of control when the kids weren´t around. Therefore, it was considered that tailored practical information and training for families affected was very beneficial to everyday life. Support groups and mentors perceived as valuable by the parents. The articles included used interviews and questionnaires as data collection method. Conclusion: Parents' experiences of living with a child who has type 1 diabetes has a profound impact on daily life, not to mention the added feelings of stress and anxiety. The importance of additional support from health care individuals, other parents with diagnosed children, and immediate family is crucial. It is important that nurses have the necessary skills and understanding of both the disease itself and the affects it has on the family, along with an ongoing education as advances in research come to fruition. These are all paramount in bringing the best possible care to the people affected by type 1 diabetes.

Pendant de longues années, le vieillissement de la population a été associé aux pays développés. Récemment, il prend de l’envergure dans les pays en développement comme le Brésil. Cependant, il reste un phénomène assez méconnu et dont la complexité commence à se révéler. Mais si le vieillissement et la vieillesse prennent de l’importance dans les divers domaines scientifiques et dans les préoccupations politiques contemporaines, c’est pourtant le regard de ceux qui vivent ce processus quotidiennement qui est trop souvent négligé : les vieux eux-mêmes. Dans cette recherche, nous situons nos efforts dans une démarche compréhensive, capable de saisir l’ambiance présente. À partir des histoires de vie de personnes âgées de Rio de Janeiro, nous avons tenté d’appréhender le sens qu’elles attribuent à leur vécu, afin de rendre compte de leur existence et de leur difficulté d’exister, de leur mode de vie. Nous utilisons la méthodologiedes narratives pour la compréhension du matériel empirique. Nous faisons le constat de l’hétérogénéité du processus de vieillissement au Brésil ; et une image plus positive du vieux et de la vieillesse émerge de notre scénario. Nous constatons également la transfiguration du rapport au corps, au temps et à la santé parmi ces personnes et une nouvelle forme d’être ensemble, mettant en évidence l’émergence du paradigme postmoderne et sa coexistence avec les valeurs modernes dans la société brésilienne. Nous concluons par l’importance de prendre en compte la compréhension des personnes âgées pour l’élaboration et pour l’implémentation de politiques, programmes et services qui puissent signifier un gain qualitatif pour cette population / For many years, the aging of the population has been associated with developed countries. Lately, it increases in developing countries like Brazil. However, it remains a relatively unknown phenomenon whose complexity begins to appear. But if aging and old age are gaining importance in several fields of science and contemporary politicalconcerns, yet it is the view of those who live it daily that is often overlooked: the old themselves. In this research, we put our efforts into a comprehensive approach, which is able to capture this atmosphere. From the life histories of older people in Rio de Janeiro, we attempted to understand the meaning they ascribe to their experiences in order to account for their existence and their lack of ease in existing, their lifestyle. We use the methodology of narratives to understand the empirical material. We observe the heterogeneity of the aging process in Brazil, and a more positive image of the elderly andageing emerges from our scenario. We also perceive the transfiguration of the relation to the body, to time and to health among these persons and a new form of being together, highlighting the emergence of the postmodern paradigm and its coexistence with modern values in Brazilian society. We conclude with the importance of taking into account theunderstanding of elderly people in developing and implementing policies, programs and services that can mean a qualitative gain for this population

Ao constatar a persistência do paralelo entre Caetano Veloso e Chico Buarque, realizado por público, crítica e historiografia da música popular, este estudo parte da identificação e compreensão do processo de elaboração de suas representações artísticas, assim ultrapassando a noção de simples conflito ao apontar também para perspectivas complementares ou convergentes. Uma dinâmica muito mais rica que se revela a partir do confronto e análise sistemática das obras desses dois artistas, que desde o despontar de suas carreiras, em meados da década de 1960, apresentam a característica similar de abordarem temas relativos à vida cotidiana, às relações entre cotidiano/cultura e cidade/subúrbio. Com intensa atividade artística voltada para a reflexão sobre o impacto da industrialização, do desenvolvimento do mercado e das transformações culturais, suas canções versaram paralelamente sobre temas mais amplos da cultura e sociedade brasileiras, assim constituindo trajetórias artísticas ao mesmo tempo representativas e peculiares, cujas diversas correlações expressaram percepções e ações com determinados embasamentos sociais, capazes de revelar permanências e transformações no tecido da história. / Noting the persistence of the parallel between Caetano Veloso and Chico Buarque held by the public, critics and popular music historiography, this study starts with the identification and comprehension of the process of the formulation of their artistic performances. It exceeds the simple notion of conflict and points to complementary or convergent perspectives among the two musicians. From this confrontation and systematic analysis comes a much richer dynamic about their work, which since the dawn of their careers in the mid-1960s, reveal similar characteristics to present issues related to everyday life, the relation between daily life/culture and city/poor suburbs. With an intense artistic activity reflecting the impact of industrialization, market development and cultural transformations, at the same time their songs also dealt with wider issues of Brazilian culture and society, thus forming representative as well as peculiar artistic careers, whose several correlations expressed perceptions and actions with a certain social basis, able to reveal continuities and transformations in the fabric of history.

Este trabalho surgiu da inquietação de que muito do que a sociedade moderna cultiva como normal e bom contribui para tirar de nós pouco a pouco o que nos torna humanos. Por trás de pequenas e isoladas situações comuns do cotidiano, tão banais que já é mesmo difícil reparar nelas, é possível observar a existência de alguns modos específicos de encarar a vida que deterioram nosso próprio humanismo. Apesar de se manifestarem constantemente em diversos aspectos de nossas vidas diárias, parecemos sofrer uma miopia que nos impede de enxergá-los, nosso olhar se revela incapaz de vê-los através de suas manifestações. A educação formal, por sua vez, não contribui para mudar o cenário. É evidente que o compromisso da maioria das instituições formais de ensino não é com a formação de seres mais humanos, mas sim de profissionais mais competitivos para o mercado de trabalho ou alunos mais competitivos para o vestibular. O conhecimento se transforma em ferramenta de conquista ao invés de porta para a reflexão, que poderia nos libertar das miopias do nosso olhar, permitindo-nos ver através de nossos comportamentos e das situações do dia a dia aquilo que cultivamos dentro de nós que nos torna cada vez menos humanos. Entendendo que a qualidade do olhar é fundamental para o resgate do humanismo, este trabalho aponta alguns caminhos que se mostram capazes de contribuir para o exercício de ver através, até chegar, por fim, ao projeto de pesquisa deste mestrado: o site Redes de Sentido. / This work arose out of the concern that much of what modern society takes as normal and good helps to take away little by little what makes us human. Behind small and isolated common situations of daily life, so banal that it is already difficult to notice them, you can observe the existence of some specific ways of looking at life that undermine our own humanism. Although they constantly manifest themselves in various aspects of our everyday lives, we seem to suffer from a myopia that prevents us to see them, our eyes seem incapable of seeing them through their manifestations. Formal education does nothing to change the scenario. It is clear that most formal institutions of education are not concerned by the human aspects of their students, but rather by training the most competitive professionals to the market or the most competitive students to college entrance exams. Knowledge becomes a tool of conquest rather than door to reflection, which could free us from our myopia, allowing us to see through our behaviors and situations of everyday life what we cultivate within us that makes us less human. Understanding that the ability to see is critical to the revival of humanism, this study highlights some possibilities of contributing to the exercise of \"seeing through\", in which lays the research project of this work: the site \"Networks of Meaning\".