Die vorliegende Arbeit ist als deutsch-französisch doppelbetreute Dissertation in Straßburg sowie Berlin entstanden und reiht sich dezidiert in die literatur- und kulturwissenschaftliche Hermeneutik der Fremde ein. Dafür wartet die Untersuchung mit einer willkommenen Perspektivierung auf die in der Zeit des Mittelalters diskursiv wie narrativ verhandelte Figur des „Monströsen“ auf, deren „Darstellung und Funktion“ an Hand eines ausgewählten hochmittelalterlichen Textcorpus (Straßburger Alexander, Herzog Ernst B, Wigalois) exemplifiziert werden soll. Gerade dieser Fokus erscheint äußerst reizvoll, birgt er doch so relevante Themen und Fragen der germanistischen Mediävistik wie die nach den Transformationsmöglichkeiten und Mechanismen zwischen diskursiven und narrativen Texten, daran anknüpfend das Verhältnis von faktualem und fiktionalem Erzählen und die dabei ebenso evozierten Authentizitätsansprüche der Narrationen. Letztlich ruft der Fokus auf der Hermeneutik des Fremden mit deren In- und Exklusionsmodellen die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen bei der relationalen Wahrnehmung und beim Umgang mit ethnographischen sowie pathographischen Hybriditäten, Alteritäten oder gar Ambiguitäten auf.

Die Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) – für Schüler_innen existiert sie in Museen, Geschichtsbüchern und Filmen. Für Lehrer_innen hängt DDR-Geschichte mit der eigenen Biografie zusammen. Kommt man aus dem Osten oder Westen oder hat man selbst in der DDR gelebt? War man Parteimitglied, oppositionell oder unpolitisch? In diesen Fragen stecken verschiedene DDR-Erfahrungshorizonte; diese machen DDR-Geschichte und die Deutungshoheit über ihr Erbe zum Politikum. Viele Erinnerungen ehemaliger DDR-Bürger fallen durch das Raster aktueller DDR-Debatten. Wie und warum das so ist zeigt dieser Beitrag. Der Fokus liegt auf dem medialen Erbe der DDR, das heißt auf der Frage, wie die DDR und Ostdeutschland in den Medien dargestellt wurden und werden und warum.

New materials can be fabricated using small scaled building blocks as a repetition unit. Nanoparticles with their unique size-tuneable properties from quantum confinement can especially be utilised to form two- and three-dimensional ordered assemblies to introduce them into what would normally be considered to be incompatible matrices. Furthermore, new collective properties that derive from the ordered arrangement of the building blocks, are accomplished. Additionally, different materials can be combined by mixing different building blocks during self-assembly, so that size ranges and material combinations that are difficult to achieve by other means can be formed. The arrangement of small particles into highly ordered arrangements can be realised via self-assembly. To achieve such assemblies, highly monodisperse nanoparticular building blocks with a size distribution below 5 % have to be synthesised. The production and variation in the size of both lead chalcogenide and noble metal nanoparticles is presented in this work. Moreover, the syntheses of multicomponential nanoparticles (PbSe/PbS and Au/PbS) are investigated. Non-classical crystallisation methodologies with their varyious self-assembly mechanisms are used for the formation of highly symmetrical mesocrystals and supracrystals. Analogous to classical crystallisation methods and their formation processes the interparticle interactions, attractive as well as repulsive, determine the resulting crystalline structure. Variation of the environmental parameters consequently leads to structural variation due to the changing interparticle interactions. In contrast to classical crystallisation the length scale of the interparticle forces stays constant as the size dimension of the self-assembled building unit is changed. Two different non-classical crystallisation pathways are investigated in this work. One pathway focuses on the slow destabilisation of nanoparticles in organic media by the addition of a non-solvent. In this approach optimisation of parameters for the formation of highly symmetrical three-dimensional mesostructures are studied. Furthermore, to shine some light onto the mechanism of self-assembly, the intrinsic arrangement of the building units in a mesocrystal and the steps of non-solvent addition are analysed. The mechanistic investigations explain the differences observed in mesocrystal formation between metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. The lower homogeneity of the building units of the metal nanoparticles leads to smaller and less defined superstructures in comparison to semiconductor building blocks. Another pathway of non-classical crystallisation is the usage of electrostatic interactions as the driving force for self-assembly and supracrystal formation. Therefore, the building blocks are transferred into aqueous media and stabilised with oppositely charged ligands. The well-know procedure for metal nanoparticles was adapted for semiconductor materials. The lower stability of these nanoparticles in aqueous solution induces an agglomeration of the semiconductor nanoparticles without including oppositely charged metal nanoparticles. The destabilisation effect can be increased by the addition of equally charged metal nanoparticles in a salting out type process. In comparison to the slow formation of mesocrystals achieved via destabilisation in an organic media (up to 4 weeks), the salting out procedure takes place within two hours, but the faster agglomeration causes a less well defined assembly of the building units in the mesocrystals. Moreover, the arrangement of semiconductor nanoparticles with organic molecules such as polymers and proteins was investigated in order to use the nanoparticles as a light harvesting component. In combination with the directly bound polymer the charge carrier may be directly transferred to the conductive thiophene-based polymer, so that infrared light can be transformed into an electrical signal for use in further applications such as solar cells. The advantage of the nanoparticle-protein system is the self-assembly across a liquid-liquid interface and additionally a Förster resonance energy transfer can occur at this phase boundary. Hence, it is possible to transfer highly energetic photons directly to biological samples without destroying the biological material.

Durch die Analyse von Zeitungsberichten verschiedenerFußballweltmeisterschaften (Herren-WM 1994 und 2018 und der DamenWM 1995 und 2019), wird ein Bild gezeichnet von einer männlichenFußballwelt, die voller strahlender Stars ist: Geniale Zauberer, die mit ihrerFußballkunst das Publikum in ihren Bann ziehen. Auf der weiblichen Seiteist dieser Spielertyp, zumindest in den untersuchten Zeitungstexten,extrem rar. Der Frauenfußball zeichnet sich stattdessen durch Kampf undStärke aus, wobei die athletischste Mannschaft gewinnt. Diese Tendenzzeigte sich in einer Korpusanalyse, in der untersucht wurde, ob essprachliche Unterschiede in der Darstellung der Berichterstattung überMänner- und Frauenfußball gibt. Insgesamt 120 Texten der FrankfurterAllgemeinen Zeitung und Süddeutschen Zeitung wurden analysiert, und diewahrgenommenen Unterschiede werden in den Texten thematisch kaumdiskutiert, sondern erscheinen nur durch eine Analyse der Wörter, die zurBeschreibung der Meisterschaften verwendet werden. Wörter, die Spielerals speziell, einzigartig oder fast außerirdisch darstellen, kommen mitgrößerer Häufigkeit bei den männlichen Meisterschaften vor. Obwohl dieSprache der Berichterstattung weitgehend gleich ist, können wir also andiesen kleinen sprachlichen Unterschieden den höheren Stellenwert desMännerfußballs deutlich erkennen. Da einige Wörter, die in den 1990erJahren Männern vorbehalten waren, in den Frauentexten von 2019auftauchen, gibt es jedoch einige Anzeichen dafür, dass eine Veränderungin Sicht ist.

Im Beitrag wird zunächst die konventionelle auf Signalflüssen basierte Modellbildung mit modernen leistungsflussbasierten Methoden, die auf dem Prinzip von Aktion und Reaktion aufbauen, verglichen. BG (Bond Graph), POG (Power Oriented Graph) und EMR (Energetic Macroscopic representation) sind solche modernen Methoden die den Leistungsaustausch zwischen Teilsystemen als Grundlage für den Modellbildungsansatz nutzen. Diese Werkzeuge erhalten die physikalische Struktur, erlauben es in das dynamische System hineinzuschauen und unterstützen das Verständnis des Leistungsflusses. Unterschiede werden anhand verschiedener Eigenschaften in einer Tabelle angegeben. Nach Erläuterung der Grundlagen zu POG und BG erfolgt die Vorstellung einer Freeware Zusatzbibliothek zur Simulation von Bondgraphen. Spezielle Eigenschaften werden kurz umrissen. Diese Blockbibliothek läuft unter Simulink, besteht aus nur 9 mittels Menü konfigurierbaren Blöcken und realisiert bidirektionale Verbindungen. Die Beispiele Gleichstrommotor, Pulssteller und elastische Welle demonstrieren die Vorteile der leistungsflussorientierten Modellbildung. Zustandsregelung, Energieeffizienz und Simulink LTI Analysewerkzeuge führen in die Anwendung der vorgestellten Simulink Zusatzbibliothek für Bondgraphen ein. / The paper starts with a comparison of the conventional modelling method based on signal flow and modern power flow oriented modelling methods based on the principle of action and reaction. BG (Bond Graph), POG (Power Oriented Graph) and EMR (Energetic Macroscopic representation) are such modern methods based on the power exchange between partial systems as a key element for the basic modelling approach. These tools preserve the physical structure, enable a view inside dynamical systems and support understanding the power flow. Relationships between these graphical representations will be given. After the explanation of basics for POG and BG an overview and special features of a freeware add-on library for simulation of BGs will be outlined. The block library runs under Simulink, consists of nine menu-driven customised blocks only and realises bidirectional connections. Examples DC motor, chopper and elastic shaft demonstrate the advantages of power flow oriented modelling. State space control, energy efficiency and Simulink LTI analysis tools exemplify the application of the presented Simulink add-on BG library.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4231.pdf: 1846377 bytes, checksum: d1541bd7ba691185f35a9e9a9db54b5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-15 / The aim of this thesis is based on the defense of the hypothesis that there are remarkable influences of the physicist Heinrich Hertz s thinking, especially his The Principles of Mechanics (1894), on the Wittgenstein s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922). From a series of occasions in which Wittgenstein quotes Hertz, it was proposed here to ascertain what extent this could be sustained. Thus, we tried to display Hertz s thinking within a context in which he involves with the analysis and discussions of the mechanics that were previous to Hertz, proposing a kind of purification of these mechanics, presenting his own image. His intention was to present a unique image from which what he calls pseudo-concepts could be understood; that is, force and energy. From this image, it is argued here, Wittgenstein makes use of its substantial elements (material particle, material point and system) in order to construct his ontology as well as the Hertzian notion that we form facts to ourselves . Besides, with his notion of metaphorical network, he uses a Hertzian procedure to determine the operation of a mechanical system through coordinates about Wittgenstein, determining singularity and the non-priority of a scientific theory over the other. However, at no time it is said that Wittgenstein provided some kind of improvement regarding the mechanics of Hertz because it would suggest that both were dealing with the same subjects within the same scope which, obviously, did not occur and Wittgenstein was aware of that. What Wittgenstein does is a reapplication of the elements of the mechanics of Hertz, in a diverse scope, in order to provide his philosophy with determination, generality and formal independence. The importance of this thesis lies in demonstrating that the tribute of the first to the second is permissible. / O objetivo da presente tese assenta-se na defesa da hipótese de que existem influências marcantes do pensamento do físico Heinrich Hertz, especificamente de seu Os Princípios da Mecânica (1894), sobre o Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922) de Wittgenstein. Para tal, propôs-se aqui, a partir de uma série de ocasiões em que Wittgenstein cita Hertz, verificar em que medida isso pode ser sustentado. Sendo assim, procurou-se apresentar o pensamento de Hertz dentro de um contexto no qual ele se envolve com a análise e discussão das mecânicas que lhe foram precedentes, onde propõe uma espécie de depuração dessas mecânicas, apresentando a sua própria imagem. Sua intenção era a de apresentar uma imagem peculiar da qual fosse subtraída aquilo que ele chama de pseudoconceitos, a saber, os de força e energia . Dessa imagem, defende-se aqui, Wittgenstein faz uso dos seus elementos substanciais (partícula material, ponto material e sistema) para constituir sua ontologia, bem como, da noção hertziana de que figuramos fatos para nós mesmos . Além do mais, com sua noção de rede-metafórica, ele se utiliza de um procedimento hertziano que é o de, por meio de um sistema de coordenadas, determinar plenamente o funcionamento de um sistema mecânico no caso de Wittgenstein, determinar singularidade e a não-prioridade de uma teoria científica sobre a outra. No entanto, em momento algum é tencionado que Wittgenstein proveu uma espécie de aperfeiçoamento da mecânica de Hertz, isso porque, se assim o fosse, sugeriria que ambos estavam lidando com os mesmos assuntos, dentro de um mesmo domínio, o que obviamente não ocorreu e Wittgenstein era plenamente ciente disso. O que Wittgenstein faz é uma reaplicação dos elementos da mecânica de Hertz, em um domínio diverso, para prover a sua filosofia de determinação, generalidade e independência formal. E a importância desta tese está em demonstrar que o tributo do primeiro para com o segundo é permissível.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Silvia Altieri.pdf: 591978 bytes, checksum: 609657997da5bf6bfac4be4a45d8d521 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this dissertation is to study the concepts of baroque allegory and Brechtian break in the light of Benjamin's thought, in order to understand the closeness that these concepts establish between the fields of philosophy and theater art through the concept of Darstellung (presentation / exposure). The proximity between theater and philosophy in Benjamin's thought is therefore, the question that guides this research and our hypothesis is that the concept of Darstellung (presentation / exposure) is the key to the elucidation of this question. Moreover, the study of the concept of allegory will be conected to the analysis of contemporary theater, specifically the concept of post-dramatic. Allegory is the link of the union betwen German Baroque drama, Brechtian theater and post-dramatic theater. The present study is not based on a linear and diachronic historical chronology. This is the synchronic sense in which the cutting was done in reverse, to use the words of Walter Benjamin. The dissertation will follow the following breakdown: the cut in the first chapter will be the study of the concept of allegory of the German Baroque drama and of the spectacle of this drama, in the second chapter I will study the Brechtian concept of interruption and the spectacle of Brechtian theater, in the third chapter the focus will be the concept of post-dramatic theater and the spectacle of this theater. The axis of this analysis and of the three chapters will be the relationship between theater and Benjamin philosophy by the key concept of Darstelung. Finally, in the final considerations the consequences of this study will be analyzed in order to open issues that may expand the vision of theater and the relationship between theatrical art and philosophy to the contemporary perspective / O objetivo da presente dissertação é estudar os conceitos de alegoria barroca e interrupção brechtiana, à luz do pensamento benjaminiano, para compreender a proximidade que esses conceitos estabelecem entre os campos da filosofia e da arte teatral através do conceito da Darstellung (apresentação/exposição). A proximidade entre teatro e filosofia no pensamento benjaminiano é, portanto, a questão que norteia o presente trabalho e nossa hipótese é que o conceito da Darstellung (apresentação/exposição) seja a chave para a elucidação de tal questão. Além disso, o estudo do conceito de alegoria se relacionará à análise do teatro contemporâneo denominando de pós-dramático. A alegoria é o nexo que une drama barroco alemão, teatro brechtiano e teatro pós-dramático. O presente estudo não se baseia em uma cronologia histórica diacrônica e linear. Trata-se do sentido sincrônico, em que o recorte foi realizado a contrapelo, para usarmos a expressão de Walter Benjamin. A dissertação seguirá a seguinte divisão: no primeiro capítulo o recorte será o estudo do conceito de alegoria do drama barroco alemão e do espetáculo deste drama; no segundo capítulo estudarei o conceito de interrupção brechtiano e o espetáculo do teatro brechtiano; no terceiro capítulo o foco será o conceito de pós-dramático e o espetáculo deste teatro. O eixo de análise dos três capítulos será a relação entre teatro e filosofia benjaminiana pela chave do conceito de Darstellung. Por fim nas considerações finais serão analisadas as conseqüências deste estudo com o intuito de abrir questões que possam ampliar a visão do teatro e da relação entre a arte teatral e a filosofia para a perspectiva contemporânea

Immer wieder fallen im Verlauf von Wahlkämpfen Schlagworte wie Personalisierung, Negativismus und Sensationalismus. Während diese Eigenschaften auf modern geführte Wahl-Kampagnen in den USA durchaus zutreffen mögen, so bescheinigen Studien deutscher Wahlforschungsinstitute für die Bundesrepublik doch recht durchwachsene Befunde. Im Zuge der Bundestagswahl 2005 haben wir uns mittels einer Inhaltsanalyse mit der Kandidatendarstellung Angela Merkels in der deutschen Qualitätspresse beschäftigt. Dabei ging es uns besonders um die Feststellung eines Wandels in der Darstellung Angela Merkels, welcher die Wähler in ihrer Wahlentscheidung beeinflusst haben könnte und um erkennbare Indizien für einen generellen Trend zur Personalisierung. / During electoral campaigns one can always hear key words like personalization, negativism and sensationalism. While these terms may represent the harsh reality of modern campaigns in the US, the results for Germany are rather ambiguous, according to prominent scientific studies. Following the chronology of the German 2005 election of the Bundestag, we tried to evaluate the presentation of candidate Angela Merkel, who ran for chancellor’s office, in the German quality press. Our main goal was the verification of a change in the way the papers presented Angela Merkel, hence possibly influencing the electorate. Furthermore, we tried to find proof of a general trend of personalization in Germany’s elections of 2005.

Es werden effiziente Algorithmen vorgestellt, die auf algebraischen Methoden beruhen um die Unerfüllbarkeit aussagenlogischer 4-SAT Formeln zu zertifizieren. Die Algorithmen werden implementiert und auf praktische Weise hinsichtlich der Laufzeit mit Backtracking-Algorithmen verglichen.

Die vorliegende Examensarbeit thematisiert die altersgerechte Darstellung des Holocausts in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur.  Nach einem historischen Abriss über Holocaustliteratur im Allgemeinen und der Entwicklung des Themas Nationalsozialismus und Holocaust in der Kinder und Jugendliteratur werden die Bücher  Als Hitler das rosa Kaninchen stahl, Der Junge im gestreiften Pyjama und Malka Mai anhand der Kriterien von Hans-Heino Ewers für Kinder und Jugendliteratur in thematischer, inhaltlicher und sprachlicher Hinsicht auf die Normen von Kind- und Jugendgemäßheit analysiert. Des Weiteren sollen durch biographische Angaben zu AutorenInnen authentische Beweggründe für die Thematisierung des Holocausts in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur veranschaulicht werden. Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit können sowohl für Eltern als auch für LehrerInnen bei der Auswahl von Kinder- und Jugendliteratur von Interesse sein.