A challenge for the clinical management of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the large within- and between-patient variability in symptom profiles as well as the emergence of motor complications which represent a significant source of disability in patients. This thesis deals with the development and evaluation of methods and systems for supporting the management of PD by using repeated measures, consisting of subjective assessments of symptoms and objective assessments of motor function through fine motor tests (spirography and tapping), collected by means of a telemetry touch screen device. One aim of the thesis was to develop methods for objective quantification and analysis of the severity of motor impairments being represented in spiral drawings and tapping results. This was accomplished by first quantifying the digitized movement data with time series analysis and then using them in data-driven modelling for automating the process of assessment of symptom severity. The objective measures were then analysed with respect to subjective assessments of motor conditions. Another aim was to develop a method for providing comparable information content as clinical rating scales by combining subjective and objective measures into composite scores, using time series analysis and data driven methods. The scores represent six symptom dimensions and an overall test score for reflecting the global health condition of the patient. In addition, the thesis presents the development of a web-based system for providing a visual representation of symptoms over time allowing clinicians to remotely monitor the symptom profiles of their patients. The quality of the methods was assessed by reporting different metrics of validity, reliability and sensitivity to treatment interventions and natural PD progression over time. Results from two studies demonstrated that the methods developed for the fine motor tests had good metrics indicating that they are appropriate to quantitatively and objectively assess the severity of motor impairments of PD patients. The fine motor tests captured different symptoms; spiral drawing impairment and tapping accuracy related to dyskinesias (involuntary movements) whereas tapping speed related to bradykinesia (slowness of movements). A longitudinal data analysis indicated that the six symptom dimensions and the overall test score contained important elements of information of the clinical scales and can be used to measure effects of PD treatment interventions and disease progression. A usability evaluation of the web-based system showed that the information presented in the system was comparable to qualitative clinical observations and the system was recognized as a tool that will assist in the management of patients.

Os efeitos dos dados defeituosos sobre os resultados dos processos analíticos são notórios. Aprimorar a qualidade dos dados exige estabelecer alternativas a partir de vários métodos, técnicas e procedimentos disponíveis. O processo de Avaliação da Qualidade dos Dados - pAQD - provê relevantes insumos na definição da alternativa mais adequada por meio do mapeamento dos defeitos nos dados. Relevantes abordagens computacionais apoiam esse processo. Tais abordagens utilizam métodos quantitativos ou baseados em asserções que usualmente restringem o papel humano a interpretação dos seus resultados. Porém, o pAQD depende do conhecimento do contexto dos dados visto que é impossível confirmar ou refutar a presença de defeitos baseado exclusivamente nos dados. Logo, a supervisão humana é essencial para esse processo. Sistemas de visualização pertencem a uma classe de abordagens supervisionadas que podem tornar visíveis as estruturas dos defeitos nos dados. Apesar do considerável conhecimento sobre o projeto desses sistemas, pouco existe para o domínio da avaliação visual da qualidade dos dados. Isto posto, este trabalho apresenta duas contribuições. A primeira reporta uma taxonomia que descreve os defeitos relacionados aos critérios de qualidade da acuracidade, completude e consistência para dados estruturados e atemporais. Essa taxonomia seguiu uma metodologia que proporcionou a cobertura sistemática e a descrição aprimorada dos defeitos em relação ao estado-da-arte das taxonomias. A segunda contribuição reporta relacionamentos entre propriedades-defeitos que estabelecem que certas propriedades visuais-interativas são mais adequadas para a avaliação visual de certos defeitos em dadas resoluções de dados. Revelados por um estudo de caso múltiplo e exploratório, esses relacionamentos oferecem indicações que reduzem a subjetividade durante o projeto de sistemas de visualização de apoio a avaliação visual da qualidade dos dados. / The effects of poor data quality on the reliability of the outcomes of analytical processes are notorious. Improving data quality requires alternatives that combine procedures, methods, techniques and technologies. The Data Quality Assessment process - DQAp - provides relevant and practical inputs for choosing the most suitable alternative through a data defects mapping. Relevant computational approaches support this process. Such approaches apply quantitative or assertions-based methods that usually limit the human interpretation of their outcomes. However, the DQAp process strongly depends on data context knowledge since it is impossible to confirm or refute a defect based only on data. Hence, human supervision is essential throughout this process. Visualization systems belong to a class of supervised approaches that can make visible data defect structures. Despite their considerable design knowledge encodings, there is little support design to data quality visual assessment. Therefore, this work reports two contributions. The first reports a taxonomy that organizes a detailed description of defects on structured and timeless data related to the quality criteria of accuracy, completeness and consistency. This taxonomy followed a methodology which enabled a systematic coverage of data defects and an improved description of data defects in regard to state-of-art literature. The second contribution reports a set of property-defect relationships that establishes that certain visual and interactive properties are more suitable for visual assessment of certain data defects in a given data resolution. Revealed by an exploratory and multiple study case, these relationships provides implications that reduce the subjectivity in the visualization systems design for data quality visual assessment.

The Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX), like many other data intensive organizations, is having difficulties making full use of the vast amounts of data that it collects. This MSc thesis identifies areas within the organization where concepts from the academic fields of information visualization and visual analytics can be applied to address this issue.Software solutions are designed and implemented in two areas with the purpose of evaluating the approach and to demonstrate to potential users, developers and managers what can be achieved using this method. A number of presentation methods are proposed for the ECX website, which previously contained no graphing functionality for market data, to make it easier for users to find trends, patterns and outliers in prices and trade volumes of commodieties traded at the exchange. A software application is also developed to support the ECX market surveillance team by drastically improving its capabilities of investigating complex trader relationships.Finally, as ECX lacked previous experiences with visualization, one software developer was trained in computer graphics and involved in the work, to enable continued maintenance and future development of new visualization solutions within the organization.

Os efeitos dos dados defeituosos sobre os resultados dos processos analíticos são notórios. Aprimorar a qualidade dos dados exige estabelecer alternativas a partir de vários métodos, técnicas e procedimentos disponíveis. O processo de Avaliação da Qualidade dos Dados - pAQD - provê relevantes insumos na definição da alternativa mais adequada por meio do mapeamento dos defeitos nos dados. Relevantes abordagens computacionais apoiam esse processo. Tais abordagens utilizam métodos quantitativos ou baseados em asserções que usualmente restringem o papel humano a interpretação dos seus resultados. Porém, o pAQD depende do conhecimento do contexto dos dados visto que é impossível confirmar ou refutar a presença de defeitos baseado exclusivamente nos dados. Logo, a supervisão humana é essencial para esse processo. Sistemas de visualização pertencem a uma classe de abordagens supervisionadas que podem tornar visíveis as estruturas dos defeitos nos dados. Apesar do considerável conhecimento sobre o projeto desses sistemas, pouco existe para o domínio da avaliação visual da qualidade dos dados. Isto posto, este trabalho apresenta duas contribuições. A primeira reporta uma taxonomia que descreve os defeitos relacionados aos critérios de qualidade da acuracidade, completude e consistência para dados estruturados e atemporais. Essa taxonomia seguiu uma metodologia que proporcionou a cobertura sistemática e a descrição aprimorada dos defeitos em relação ao estado-da-arte das taxonomias. A segunda contribuição reporta relacionamentos entre propriedades-defeitos que estabelecem que certas propriedades visuais-interativas são mais adequadas para a avaliação visual de certos defeitos em dadas resoluções de dados. Revelados por um estudo de caso múltiplo e exploratório, esses relacionamentos oferecem indicações que reduzem a subjetividade durante o projeto de sistemas de visualização de apoio a avaliação visual da qualidade dos dados. / The effects of poor data quality on the reliability of the outcomes of analytical processes are notorious. Improving data quality requires alternatives that combine procedures, methods, techniques and technologies. The Data Quality Assessment process - DQAp - provides relevant and practical inputs for choosing the most suitable alternative through a data defects mapping. Relevant computational approaches support this process. Such approaches apply quantitative or assertions-based methods that usually limit the human interpretation of their outcomes. However, the DQAp process strongly depends on data context knowledge since it is impossible to confirm or refute a defect based only on data. Hence, human supervision is essential throughout this process. Visualization systems belong to a class of supervised approaches that can make visible data defect structures. Despite their considerable design knowledge encodings, there is little support design to data quality visual assessment. Therefore, this work reports two contributions. The first reports a taxonomy that organizes a detailed description of defects on structured and timeless data related to the quality criteria of accuracy, completeness and consistency. This taxonomy followed a methodology which enabled a systematic coverage of data defects and an improved description of data defects in regard to state-of-art literature. The second contribution reports a set of property-defect relationships that establishes that certain visual and interactive properties are more suitable for visual assessment of certain data defects in a given data resolution. Revealed by an exploratory and multiple study case, these relationships provides implications that reduce the subjectivity in the visualization systems design for data quality visual assessment.

For thousands of years, physical objects have been used to represent data, in order to support cognition, communication and learning. Such representations, especially newly computer-supported ones, became the focus of an emerging field called data physicalization. Although most physicalizations are passive (i.e., static), a growing number of active (i.e., dynamic) representations have been recently created. There is still, however, an immense opportunity in exploring interactive data physicalizations. This thesis proposes a tangible artifact (a shovel equipped with orientation sensors) that could be used by visitors of Earth sciences museums. SuperTunnel Simulator calculates a hole through Earth, indicating where in the world visitors would end up if they dug in a certain direction. Feedback from participants indicate such embodied interaction might influence learning by igniting visitors’ curiosity and stimulating hypothesis formulation. Finally, we point to research opportunities in conveying data not through an object’s shape, but through our interaction with it.

<p>Protein malfunction can cause human diseases, which makes the protein a target in the process of drug discovery. In-depth knowledge of how protein functions can widely contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of these diseases. Protein functions are determined by protein structures and their dynamic properties. Protein dynamics refers to the constant physical movement of atoms in a protein, which may result in the transition between different conformational states of the protein. These conformational transitions are critically important for the proteins to function. Understanding protein dynamics can help to understand and interfere with the conformational states and transitions, and thus with the function of the protein. If we can understand the mechanism of conformational transition of protein, we can design molecules to regulate this process and regulate the protein functions for new drug discovery. Protein Dynamics can be simulated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations.</p> <p>The MD simulation data generated are spatial-temporal and therefore very high dimensional. To analyze the data, distinguishing various atomic interactions within a protein by interpreting their 3D coordinate values plays a significant role. Since the data is humongous, the essential step is to find ways to interpret the data by generating more efficient algorithms to reduce the dimensionality and developing user-friendly visualization tools to find patterns and trends, which are not usually attainable by traditional methods of data process. The typical allosteric long-range nature of the interactions that lead to large conformational transition, pin-pointing the underlying forces and pathways responsible for the global conformational transition at atomic level is very challenging. To address the problems, Various analytical techniques are performed on the simulation data to better understand the mechanism of protein dynamics at atomic level by developing a new program called Probing Long-distance interactions by Tapping into Paired-Distances (PLITIP), which contains a set of new tools based on analysis of paired distances to remove the interference of the translation and rotation of the protein itself and therefore can capture the absolute changes within the protein.</p> <p>Firstly, we developed a tool called Decomposition of Paired Distances (DPD). This tool generates a distance matrix of all paired residues from our simulation data. This paired distance matrix therefore is not subjected to the interference of the translation or rotation of the protein and can capture the absolute changes within the protein. This matrix is then decomposed by DPD</p> <p>using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality and to capture the largest structural variation. To showcase how DPD works, two protein systems, HIV-1 protease and 14-3-3 σ, that both have tremendous structural changes and conformational transitions as displayed by their MD simulation trajectories. The largest structural variation and conformational transition were captured by the first principal component in both cases. In addition, structural clustering and ranking of representative frames by their PC1 values revealed the long-distance nature of the conformational transition and locked the key candidate regions that might be responsible for the large conformational transitions.</p> <p>Secondly, to facilitate further analysis of identification of the long-distance path, a tool called Pearson Coefficient Spiral (PCP) that generates and visualizes Pearson Coefficient to measure the linear correlation between any two sets of residue pairs is developed. PCP allows users to fix one residue pair and examine the correlation of its change with other residue pairs.</p> <p>Thirdly, a set of visualization tools that generate paired atomic distances for the shortlisted candidate residue and captured significant interactions among them were developed. The first tool is the Residue Interaction Network Graph for Paired Atomic Distances (NG-PAD), which not only generates paired atomic distances for the shortlisted candidate residues, but also display significant interactions by a Network Graph for convenient visualization. Second, the Chord Diagram for Interaction Mapping (CD-IP) was developed to map the interactions to protein secondary structural elements and to further narrow down important interactions. Third, a Distance Plotting for Direct Comparison (DP-DC), which plots any two paired distances at user’s choice, either at residue or atomic level, to facilitate identification of similar or opposite pattern change of distances along the simulation time. All the above tools of PLITIP enabled us to identify critical residues contributing to the large conformational transitions in both HIV-1 protease and 14-3-3σ proteins.</p> <p>Beside the above major project, a side project of developing tools to study protein pseudo-symmetry is also reported. It has been proposed that symmetry provides protein stability, opportunities for allosteric regulation, and even functionality. This tool helps us to answer the questions of why there is a deviation from perfect symmetry in protein and how to quantify it.</p>

Städer runt om i världen expanderar i allt snabbare takt för att möjliggöra morgondagens behov och efterfrågan, vilket sker inom ramen för hållbar utveckling i flera sammanhängande dimensioner. Samtidigt som digitaliseringen och nya postindustriella värdeskapande fortgår, vilket resulterar i en förskjutning av de fysiska resurserna. Många stadsmiljöer står därför inför paradoxen att ha för mycket utrymme men förlorat innehåll och bristande tillgänglighet. Stadens exponentiella dragningskraft måste därmed kunna förändras parallellt med samhället för att upprätthålla en kontinuerlig användning. En alternativ lösning är att effektivisera markutnyttjandet med hjälp av digitala verktyg för att möjliggöra multifunktionella byggnader och samutnyttjande av lokaler. Denna studie har därför som syfte att kartlägga effektivisering av markutnyttjande i form av samutnyttjande och multifunktionell svensk stadsplanering, därtill undersöka befintliga digitala verktyg för att främja detta. Genom en litteraturstudie samt en fallstudie erhålls information som blev utgångspunkterna för studiens analys och diskussion där slutsatser så småningom drogs. Litteraturstudien behandlar historia och definitioner kring multifunktionella byggnader och samutnyttjande av lokaler samt digitala verktyg inom stadsplanering i form av planeringsstöd system (PSS). Även deras förutsättningar och hållbara miljömål för att möjliggöra en mer yteffektiv markutnyttjande av svenska städer. Fallstudien inleds med en beskrivning och kartläggning av ett ledande PSS nämligen, Cityscope samt hur den fungerar. Därefter beskrivs förutsättningar och utmaningar gällande implementeringen av ett digitalt verktyg som Cityscope inom svensk stadsplanering, detta för att underlätta arbetet mot ett mer effektivt markutnyttjande. Med särskild inriktning på Boverkets arbete kring digitalisering av stadsplaneringen, vilket kompletterades med en intervju med planeringsarkitekten John Hellman på Boverket.  Studiens slutsats innefattar bland annat förståelsen för att uppnå positiv stadsutveckling genom att effektivisera markutnyttjande där flera faktorer måste samarbeta, däribland sambandet mellan offentligt och privat, analysering av klusterbildningar i städers flödessystem, medborgardeltagande och ett grundat förtroende mellan ingående parter. För en varaktig utveckling, governance och förtätning krävs det att fastighetsaktörer utvecklas mot att inkludera fler verksamheter i samma lokal och multifunktionellt byggande för att skapa goda förutsättningar för hållbara stadsdelar. Detta kan göras möjligt med hjälp av befintliga digitala verktyg som exempelvis Cityscope, men där fokus i framtiden ligger i att myndigheter inom stadsplanering måste sammanföra korrekt, konsekvent och opartisk stadsrelaterad data samt se över ingående lagstiftning för att möjliggöra mer yteffektiva städer. / Cities around the world are expanding at an ever faster pace to enable tomorrow's needs and demands, which takes place within the framework of sustainable development in several coherent dimensions. At the same time as digitalisation and new post-industrial values proceeds, this results in a shift in the physical resources. Many urban environments are therefore facing the paradox of having too much space but losing content and lack of accessibility. The city's exponential allurement thus needs to be able to change parallelly with society in order to maintain continuous use. An alternative planning solution is to streamline land-use with the help of digital tools to enable multifunctional buildings and shared use of premises. The purpose of this study is therefore to map the streamlining of land-use in the form of shared use and multifunctional Swedish urban planning, in addition, examine existing digital tools to promote this change. To achieve positive urban development by streamlining land-use, several different factors need to work together, including the connection between public and private, analysis of clusters in urban flow systems, citizen participation and a well-founded trust between parties. For lasting development, governance and densification, it is required that property actors develop towards including more businesses in the same premises and multifunctional construction in order to create good conditions for sustainable districts. This can be made possible with the help of existing digital tools such as Cityscope, but where the focus in the future is that authorities in urban planning must combine correct, consistent and impartial city data and review in-depth legislation to enable more space-efficient cities that could change in real time.

WHO has set up activity guidelines for children between 0-5 years of age. If children fail to follow the guidelines they risk developing NCD diseases in the future as a consequence. Several children in the age group fail to follow these guidelines all over the world. Adults have used IoT solutions to track and maintain their activity. There have been IoT devices developed for kids but none focus on the age group of 0-5 year old’s. Therefore the objective for this study was to examine how the age group could reach the guidelines for physical activity with the assistance of an IoT device. To study this the goal was to design an application that will assist parents in tracking their children’s activity and giving them suitable exercises. To investigate the subject a theoretical framework was created. It focused on investigating how physicalactivity can be measured, what sensors could be used, how could the data be visualized effectively, what motivates children to move and what research method and data collection methods that could be used throughout the project. The method chosen was the double diamond method which consisted of the stages discover, define, develop and deliver. During the discover phase an interview was performed with a key-informant with expertise in sports medicine and activity tracking with 3-5 yearold’s. A survey was also sent out to parents to investigate the population. In the define phase a concept was formed from the collected data. In the develop stage a Lo-fi Figma prototype was created and tested on both the key-informant and expertswithin UX and/or IT-consulting. The Lo-fi prototype contained graphs showcasing the family’s activity, activities to perform with their child, a reward page were children could gain rewards for activity and much more. The results showed that the rewards system introduced confused the participants and some thought it would berisky to introduce rewards for activity to children. This since they might then only be active for the reward, not for the fun of the activity itself. In the deliver phasea Mid-fi prototype was created from the feedback received through Lo-fi usabilitytesting. The Mid-fi removed the rewards and added a calendar page. At the calendar page the family could plan and wish for activities. The Mid-fi was tested on parents and the results showed that several of them had a hard time finding the wish-list functionality. There were also many participants who wanted to interact with thegraphs to read more specific information. The discussion evaluated the Mid-fi inrelation to the test results and the theoretical framework. Through the analysis it was concluded that improvements can be made for future versions of the prototype. The conclusions evaluated the Mid-fi in relation to the objective and found that the prototype needed further testing with children to conclude if it would be able to help them follow the WHO’s guidelines. It was also concluded that the application would help parents track their child’s movements as many parents would want to use the application and they all understood the used data visualizations. It was lastly concluded that further research with child care practitioners would have to be performed to identify suitable exercises for the children. However, as the app provides a template to sort and recommend activities, it will help parents choose suitable activities for their child when the library has been built up. / WHO har upprättat riktlinjer för fysisk aktivitet för barn mellan 0-5 år. Om barn inte följer riktlinjerna riskerar de att utveckla icke-smittsamma sjukdomar (NCD) i framtiden som en konsekvens. Flera barn i denna åldersgrupp misslyckas medatt följa dessa riktlinjer över hela världen. Vuxna har använt IoT-lösningar för attspåra och upprätthålla sin egen aktivitet. Det har utvecklats IoT-enheter för barn, men ingen av dem fokuserar på åldersgruppen 0-5 år. Därför var syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur åldersgruppen kan följa riktlinjerna för fysisk aktivitet med hjälp av en IoT-enhet. För att studera detta var målet att designa en applikation som hjälper föräldrar att spåra sina barns aktivitet och ge dem lämpliga aktiviteter. För att undersöka ämnet skapades ett teoretisk ramverk. Det fokuserade på att undersöka hur fysisk aktivitet kan mätas, vilka sensorer som kan användas, hur data kan visualiseras effektivt, vad som motiverar barn att röra sig och vilka forsknings- och datainsamlingsmetoder som kan användas under projektet. Den valda metoden var Double Diamond, som bestod av faserna upptäcka, definiera, utveckla och leverera. Under upptäcktsfasen genomfördes en intervju med en nyckelinformant med expertis inom idrottsmedicin och aktivitetsspårning för barn mellan 3-5 år. En enkät skickades också ut till föräldrar för att undersöka populationen. I definieringsfasen formades ett koncept utifrån de insamlade datat. I utvecklings-fasen skapades och testades en Lo-fi Figma prototyp på både nyckelinformantenoch experter inom UX och/eller IT-konsulting. Lo-fi prototypen innehöll grafer som visade familjens aktivitet, aktiviteter att utföra med deras barn, en belöningssida där barn kunde få belöningar för aktivitet och mycket mer. Resultaten visade att belöningssystemet förvirrade deltagarna och vissa ansåg att det skulle vara riskabelt att införa belöningar för aktivitet till barn. Detta eftersom de då kanske bara skulle vara aktiva för belöningen och inte för aktivitetens egen skull. I leveransfasenskapades en Mid-fi prototyp utifrån den feedback som erhölls genom användbarhet-stester av Lo-fi prototypen. Mid-fi prototypen tog bort belöningarna och lade till en kalendersida. På kalendersidan kunde familjen planera och önska aktiviteter. Mid-fi prototypen testades på föräldrar och resultaten visade att flera av dem hade svårt att hitta önskelistefunktionen. Det var också många deltagare som ville interagera med graferna för att läsa mer specifik information. Diskussionen utvärderade Mid-fi pro-totypen i relation till testresultaten och det teoretiska ramverket. Genom analysen konstaterades det att förbättringar kan göras för framtida versioner av prototypen. Slutsatserna utvärderade Mid-fi prototypen i relation till målet med studien och fann att prototypen behövde ytterligare testning med barn för att fastställa om den skulle kunna hjälpa dem att följa WHO:s riktlinjer. Det konstaterades också att applikationen skulle hjälpa föräldrar att spåra sina barns rörelser då många föräldrar ville använda applikationen och alla förstod de använda datavisualiseringarna. Slutligen konstaterades det att ytterligare forskning med barnomsorgspersonal måste genomföras för att identifiera lämpliga övningar för barnen. Men eftersom appen tillhandahåller en mall för att sortera och rekommendera aktiviteter, kommer den att hjälpa föräldrar att välja lämpliga aktiviteter för sina barn när bibloteket byggts upp.

Large, strongly connected amounts of data, as collected in knowledge bases or those occurring when describing software, are often read slowly and with difficulty by humans when they are represented as spreadsheets or text. Graphical representations can help people to understand facts more intuitively and offer a quick overview. The electronic representation offers means that are beyond the possibilities of print such as unlimited zoom and hyperlinks. This paper addresses a framework for visualizing connected information in 3D-space taking into account the techniques of media design to build visualization structures and map information to graphical properties.:1 EINFÜHRUNG S. 9 1.1 Zusammenfassung des Gestaltungsentwurfs S. 9 1.2 Ziel des Belegs S. 10 1.3 Interdisziplinäres Projekt S. 10 2 VORGEHEN S. 12 2.1 Ablauf S. 12 2.2 Konkrete Beispielinhalte S. 13 2.3 Beispielimplementierung S. 13 3 DATENMODELL S. 15 3.1 Ontologien S. 15 3.2 Ontologie Konstruktion S. 15 3.3 Analyse der Domain Design S. 18 3.8 Erstes Ordnen S. 19 3.9 Verwendete Ontologie-Struktur S. 21 3.10 Design-Ontologien S. 23 3.11 Schwierigkeiten bei der Ontologiekonstruktion S. 28 3.12 Einpflegen der Daten mit Protégé S. 29 3.13 Facetten S. 29 3.14 Filter S. 32 4 DATENVISUALISIERUNG S. 35 4.1 Visualisierung zeitlicher Daten S. 35 4.2 Hyperhistory S. 35 4.3 Graphisches Vokabular - graphische Dimensionen S. 37 4.4 Mapping S. 39 5 FRAMEWORK UND GESTALTUNG DES MEDIUMS S. 43 5.1 Technologien und Werkzeuge S. 44 5.2 Architektur S. 46 5.3 Konfiguration S. 51 5.4 DataBackendManager S. 52 5.5 Mapping im Framework S. 53 5.6 atomicelements S. 54 5.7 Appearance Bibliothek S. 55 5.8 TransformationUtils S. 56 5.9 Structures S. 57 5.10 LOD S. 64 5.11 Häufung von Einträgen [+] S. 66 5.12 Darstellung von Relationen [+] S. 69 5.13 Head Up Display [+] S. 71 5.14 Navigation S. 72 5.15 Performanz S. 73 5.16 Gestaltung des Mediums S. 74 6 AUSBLICK S. 80 7 FAZIT S. 81 8 ANHANG A – Installation S. 82 8.1 Vorraussetzungen S. 82 8.2 Programmaufruf S. 82 8.3 Stereoskopie S. 82 9 ANHANG B – Beispielimplementierung zur Visualisierung des Themas „Geschichte des Designs in Deutschland im 19. und 20. Jh.“ S. 84 9.1 Eingrenzung des Umfangs S. 84 9.2 Überblick zur deutschen Designgeschichte S. 84 9.3 Vorgehen S. 85 9.4 Unscharfe Datumsangaben S. 85 9.5 Kontextereignisse S. 85 9.6 Ursache-Wirkung-Beziehungen S. 86 9.7 Mehrsprachigkeit S. 86 9.8 Quellenangaben S. 86 9.9 Bildmaterial S. 87 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS S. 88 GLOSSAR S. 90 ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS S. 91 / Große, stark vernetzte Datenmengen, wie sie in Wissensbasen oder Softwaremodellen vorkommen, sind von Menschen oft nur langsam und mühsam zu lesen, wenn sie als Tabellen oder Text dargestellt werden. Graphische Darstellungen können Menschen helfen, Tatsachen intuitiver zu verstehen und bieten einen schnellen Überblick. Die elektronische Darstellung bietet Mittel, welche über die Möglichkeiten von Print hinausgehen, wie z.B. unbegrenzten Zoom und Hyperlinks. Diese Arbeit stellt ein Framework für die Visualisierung vernetzter Informationen im 3D-Raum vor, welches Techniken der Gestaltung zur Erstellung von graphischen Strukturen und zur Abbildung von Informationen auf graphische Eigenschaften berücksichtigt.:1 EINFÜHRUNG S. 9 1.1 Zusammenfassung des Gestaltungsentwurfs S. 9 1.2 Ziel des Belegs S. 10 1.3 Interdisziplinäres Projekt S. 10 2 VORGEHEN S. 12 2.1 Ablauf S. 12 2.2 Konkrete Beispielinhalte S. 13 2.3 Beispielimplementierung S. 13 3 DATENMODELL S. 15 3.1 Ontologien S. 15 3.2 Ontologie Konstruktion S. 15 3.3 Analyse der Domain Design S. 18 3.8 Erstes Ordnen S. 19 3.9 Verwendete Ontologie-Struktur S. 21 3.10 Design-Ontologien S. 23 3.11 Schwierigkeiten bei der Ontologiekonstruktion S. 28 3.12 Einpflegen der Daten mit Protégé S. 29 3.13 Facetten S. 29 3.14 Filter S. 32 4 DATENVISUALISIERUNG S. 35 4.1 Visualisierung zeitlicher Daten S. 35 4.2 Hyperhistory S. 35 4.3 Graphisches Vokabular - graphische Dimensionen S. 37 4.4 Mapping S. 39 5 FRAMEWORK UND GESTALTUNG DES MEDIUMS S. 43 5.1 Technologien und Werkzeuge S. 44 5.2 Architektur S. 46 5.3 Konfiguration S. 51 5.4 DataBackendManager S. 52 5.5 Mapping im Framework S. 53 5.6 atomicelements S. 54 5.7 Appearance Bibliothek S. 55 5.8 TransformationUtils S. 56 5.9 Structures S. 57 5.10 LOD S. 64 5.11 Häufung von Einträgen [+] S. 66 5.12 Darstellung von Relationen [+] S. 69 5.13 Head Up Display [+] S. 71 5.14 Navigation S. 72 5.15 Performanz S. 73 5.16 Gestaltung des Mediums S. 74 6 AUSBLICK S. 80 7 FAZIT S. 81 8 ANHANG A – Installation S. 82 8.1 Vorraussetzungen S. 82 8.2 Programmaufruf S. 82 8.3 Stereoskopie S. 82 9 ANHANG B – Beispielimplementierung zur Visualisierung des Themas „Geschichte des Designs in Deutschland im 19. und 20. Jh.“ S. 84 9.1 Eingrenzung des Umfangs S. 84 9.2 Überblick zur deutschen Designgeschichte S. 84 9.3 Vorgehen S. 85 9.4 Unscharfe Datumsangaben S. 85 9.5 Kontextereignisse S. 85 9.6 Ursache-Wirkung-Beziehungen S. 86 9.7 Mehrsprachigkeit S. 86 9.8 Quellenangaben S. 86 9.9 Bildmaterial S. 87 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS S. 88 GLOSSAR S. 90 ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS S. 91

<p>External representations (ERs) used in science education are multimodal ensembles consisting of design elements to convey educational meanings to the audience. As an example of a dynamic ER, an animation presenting its content features (i.e., scientific concepts) via varying the feature’s depiction over time. A production team invited the dissertation author to inspect their creation of a biochemistry animation about the role of the actin cytoskeleton in cell motility and the animation’s implication on learning. To address this, the author developed a four-step methodology entitled the Multimodal Variation Analysis of Dynamic External Representations (MVADER) that deconstructs the animation’s content and design to inspect how each content feature is conveyed via the animation’s design elements.</p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>This dissertation research investigated the actin animation’s educational value and the MVADER’s utility in animation evaluation. The research design was guided by descriptive case study methodology and an integrated framework consisting of the variation theory, multimodal analysis, and visual analytics. As stated above, the animation was analyzed using MVADER. The development of the actin animation and the content features the production team members intended to convey via the animation were studied by analyzing the communication records between the members, observing the team meetings, and interviewing the members individually. Furthermore, students’ learning experiences from watching the animation were examined via semi-structured interviews coupled with post- storyboarding. Moreover, the instructions of MVADER and its applications in studying the actin animation were reviewed to determine the MVADER’s usefulness as an animation evaluation tool.</p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>Findings of this research indicate that the three educators in the production team intended the actin animation to convey forty-three content features to the undergraduate biology students. At least 50% of the student who participated in this thesis learned thirty-five of these forty-three (> 80%) features. Evidence suggests that the animation’s effectiveness to convey its features was associated with the features’ depiction time, the number of identified design elements applied to depict the features, and the features’ variation of depiction over time.</p><p><br></p><p>Additionally, one-third of the student participants made similar mistakes regarding two content features after watching the actin animation: the F-actin elongation and the F-actin crosslink structure in lamellipodia. The analysis reveals the animation’s potential design flaws that might have contributed to these common misconceptions. Furthermore, two disruptors to the creation process and the educational value of the actin animation were identified: the vagueness of the learning goals and the designer’s placement of the animation’s beauty over its reach to the learning goals. The vagueness of the learning goals hampered the narration scripting process. On the other hand, the designer’s prioritization of the animation’s aesthetic led to the inclusion of a “beauty shot” in the animation that caused students’ confusion.</p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>MVADER was used to examine the content, design, and their relationships in the actin animation at multiple aspects and granularities. The result of MVADER was compared with the students’ learning outcomes from watching the animation to identify the characteristics of content’s depiction that were constructive and disruptive to learning. These findings led to several practical recommendations to teach using the actin animation and create educational ERs.</p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>To conclude, this dissertation discloses the connections between the creation process, the content and design, and the educational implication of a biochemistry animation. It also introduces MVADER as a novel ER analysis tool to the education research and visualization communities. MVADER can be applied in various formats of static and dynamic ERs and beyond the disciplines of biology and chemistry.</p>