After 911 happened,cause the global shocked,not only change the terrorism attack forms and way,but also broken mythology the Unite States native land won¡¦t be attacked by others. Terrorism violence attack is the global faced the question of the 21th,it will influence on U.S government and people life,also its friend countries and global stability.The U.S had went Through 911 event ,it¡¦s as soon as positive thinking to adjust post-cold-war period of war-strategy and to search of global military deploy, its hopes to solve religioue ,Racial, culutural, and territorial conflict, and then to finish extreme racialism, religionism terror attack event. Because of terrotorism violence actions was directed hit the U.S and friend countries benefit,the global anti-terrorism war-strategy of structural had emerged. Therefore, how to prevent and restrict terror attacks event happening again,it will to be trial and challenge the Unite States government and global anti-terrorism war- stratege conduct of actions and reaction.

The current study tests a social-cognitive model of bystander responses to bullying in an attempt to better understand why bystanders respond as they do. Three forms of bystander responses were predicted by adult and friend responses to bullying and the bystander’s reasons for intervening. The present study involved 326 children from grades 4-8 who completed the PREVNet Assessment Survey, a novel wide-ranging measure of bullying phenomena. Sound psychometric properties were found for the four measures used in the present study. In elucidating the effects of social context, the differential impact of adult and friend responses on bystander responses was examined. Results indicate that friends are more influential than are adults in predicting bystander responses. Further, results of serial multiple mediation analysis generally support a social-cognitive model, suggesting that social context impacts intervention reasoning, which in turn, impact bystander responses. Implications for future research and policy are discussed. / SSHRC Joseph-Armand Bombardier CGS Master's Scholarship

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1953. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-141).

Willingness to defend has been stated as a fundamental prerequisite for the Swedish total defense. Despite this, research regarding the subject is limited, and there is a lack of knowledge on what willingness to defend means from the citizens’ point of view. Drawing on theories on territory, national identity and institutionalization processes, I explore the conceptualization of willingness to defend from a socio-spatial perspective through semi-structured interviews. This study engages in what people believe is worth defending, and why, and how this differs depending on the geographical scale. The results show that willingness to defend is a versatile concept with a breadth of connotations, as are the ideas about what is worth defending. The democratic system is recurrently described as a central issue worthy of defense, but this also creates a dilemma in the context of the total defense service. Some consider engaging in defense a citizen-duty, others express that participation must be based in free choice. On the global scale, willingness to defend is connected to, challenged, and affected by international actors and events, such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Additionally, Sweden's new NATO membership creates another moral dilemma, as considered positive from a security perspective, while at the same time challenging Swedish exceptionalism as a moral superpower.

The diploma thesis is focused on the specifics of violence against the homeless women. The thesis is divided in theoretical and empirical part. Theoretical part is further divided into three chapters, structured from the general description of homelessness to the specifics of violence that is happening on the homeless women. The goal of the empirical part is also to identify barriers and preconditions for the solution of violence and recommendations for optimization of help with violence. The empirical part is based on two data sets, one of them is social workers/curators, second is homeless women. The research is qualitative and is conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews. In the final part of empirical research, a comparative analysis of both data sets is performed. From the analysis are derived the conclusions and recommendations on how to contribute to setting more effective means of solving violence against the homeless women.

Syftet med denna studie var att studera hur förskollärare upplever sin roll inom totalförsvaret och hur deras försvarsvilja ser ut. Totalt har tio förskollärare intervjuats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och en tematisk analys utfördes på intervjumaterialet. Detta resulterade i två teman och sju subteman som redogör för gynnsamma samt ogynnsamma aspekter för förskollärares syn på sin roll inom totalförsvaret och deras försvarsvilja. Slutsatserna från denna studie var att förskollärare anser att de har en viktig roll inom totalförsvaret och att det finns en hög försvarsvilja. Studien visar dock att kunskapen och informationen om vad deras roll innebär är bristande, inte bara internt utan även stort i samhället och att ledare utgör en viktig roll i att sprida den kunskapen. Slutligen visadestudien på att den mest ogynnsamma aspekten är det som står oss närmast - familjen. Behovet att skydda sin egen familj och veta att den är trygg är det viktigaste och det visar i sig hur viktig förskolan är som aktör inom det civila försvaret för att tillgodose det behovet. / The aim of this study was to study how preschool teachers perceive their role within the total defence and what their willingness to defend one’s own country looks like. A total of tenpreschool teachers have been interviewed through semi-structured interviews and the interview material has been data-processed through a thematic analysis. This resulted in two themes and seven subthemes that included favorable and unfavorable aspects of preschool teachers view of their role in total defence and their willingness to defend. The conclusions of this study were that preschool teachers think that they have an important role in the total defence and that there is a high willingness to defend, but that the knowledge and information about what their role entails is lacking, not only internally but also widely in society and that leaders plays an important role to spread this knowledge. Finally this study shows that the most unfavorable aspect, for the willingness to defend one’s country, is what we have closestto us - the family. The need to protect the own family is the most important thing and that itself shows how important preschool is as an actor in the civil defence.

責任保險在國內之概念只限於對被保險人因負有賠償責任所造之賠償金額 的損害由保險人填補，然而責任保險之機能除填補賠償責任損害作用外， 應可經由新的理念結合使之包括權利保護作用以擴張責任保險的作用；另 一方面，責任保險不同於其他損害填補型保險之處在於其運作係在保險人 、被保險人與被害人之間進行，以債之相對性而言，保險人對於被保險人 與第三人間之責任關係並無介入權，但此一觀念之貫徹對責任保險關係之 進行似有造成障礙之虞，基於保險人就責任關係所具密切利害關係及確保 保險賠償額適當之觀點實應容許其參預之權，而在防禦義務與參預權的交 互作用下，其已進而提供重行整合責任保險所涉三方關係的契機。 / In order to expand the functions of liability insruance, an liability insurer not only provide indemnity to the insured when the insured is liable for the third party's bodily injury or property damage but also defend any suit seeking those damages. How to establish an liability insurer's duties to defend and settle from the point of insurable interest is what this thesis manages to deal with. Because an liability insurer will pay damages for which the insured becomes legally responsible, the insurer should have the rights to defend and settle the suit. Only by doing so, can we balance the interest between the insurer and the insured. Furthermore, if we can take good advantage of an insurer's duties and rights to defend and settle, the process of running liability insurance will be simplized.

This thesis deals with the development of defense mechanisms of children in younger school age. The theoretical part discusses the history and development of the concept of defense mechanisms, provides an overview of the diagnostic methods, which are useful to identify defense mechanisms in children and reports on the current state of research of defense mechanisms and their development in children and adolescents. At the end of the theoretical part, the concepts of "defense" based mostly on gestalt psychotherapy perspective are discussed. In the practical part, the children of the research group in younger school age were tested with The Fairy Tale Test and The Thematic Apperception Test. The results are discussed with regard to age, sex, inteligence and also considering the results of other research methods. Data based on psychoanalytical concepts are compared with results of the questionnaire based on gestalt psychoterapy theories of contact cycle and contact styles. Two parents (or the closest adults) evaluated their children by the questionnaire and inventory of typical contact styles. The results suggest the existence of certain connections, these research methods also complement each other and serves together as more comprehensive view of the child's personality, a way of its interacting...

Under 2014 genomförde Ryssland framför ögonen på resten av världen en annektering av Krimhalvön i Ukraina. Västvärlden var i det som närmast kan beskrivas som en chock över detta offensiva beteende. Utan någon förvarning så flyttade Ryssland med stöd av "små gröna män" fram sina positioner på Krimhalvön. En ny taktik användes och strider blandades med andra medel och metoder i det som populärt kan uttryckas som gråzonen. Denna undersökning besvarar följande problemformulering med stöd av en kvalitativ textanalys i form av en dokumentundersökning. Utifrån ett säkerhetsstrategiskt perspektiv; Hur kan problamtiken med hybrida hot i gråzonen beskrivas och hur omhändertas dessa i den nationella säkerhetsstrategin? Genom att läsa i empiri och teori om gråzon, hybrida hot och säkerhetsstrategier skapar sig författarna en modell för analys. Denna analysmodell används sedan för att analysera den (Svenska) nationella säkerhetstrategin som publicerades 2017. Analysmodellen grundar sig på de av Treverton identifierade hybrida hoten: Desinformation, cyberattacker, ekonomiska påtryckningar, irreguljära beväpnade styrkor, reguljära beväpnade styrkor.Undersökningen visar att den nationella säkerhetsstrategin, trots en bristande tydlighet inom vissa områden och en bristande balans mellan mål, metoder och medel, identifierar och ger styrningar för omhändertagandet av de identifierade hybrida hoten. Vidare visar säkerhetsstrategin på en bred förståelse och tolkning av begreppen hybrida hot och gråzonen, utan att försöka definiera dessa komplexa begrepp. Då analysmodellen appliceras, belyses en möjlig hotbild; miljöhot. Resultaten av analysen visar också att det kan vara klokt att beskriva just de samtida hoten och utnyttjande av dessa, istället för att argumentera avseende definitioner. Författarna menar att det är av större vikt att skapa en större förståelse för fenomenen, i syfte att åstadkomma en allomfattande ansats för att motverka de verkliga effekterna av hoten. / In 2014 Russia, in front of the rest of the world, claimed and performed an annexing of Crimea. The larger parts of the western world were left in shock. Without any acknowledgment Russia moved forward with “little green men” and implied a different tactic. It was not officially war and nor peace, the fighting and the action took place in what was popularly named as the gray zone. This thesis is answering the following questions by using a qualitative document examination. From a strategic security perspective: How can the problem regarding hybrid threats in the gray zone be described and how does the national Swedish strategy respond to these threats? By reading and concluding existing theory about hybrid threats within the gray zone the authors have created their own model of analysis to utilize on the Swedish National Security Strategy. The model of analysis consists of the five main hybrid threats chosen from the theory presented by Treverton: Disinformation, Cyber-attacks, Economic pressure, Irregular armed forces and Regular forces.The thesis concludes that although unclear and found lacking in coherence regarding ends, ways and means; the National Security Strategy addresses and gives guidance on how to counter the effects of the above-mentioned threats. The Security Strategy also shows a consciousness regarding the complexity of the hybrid threats and the gray zone, without trying to define the actual area or methods utilized. When looked at through the model of analysis, it also highlights a possible new threat to be considered; environmental threats. The results of the analysis also indicate that it might be wise to use the term contemporary threats and the utilization of these, instead of arguing about definitions. The authors argue that it is of greater importance to create a larger understanding of the phenomena, in order to counter the actual effects by employing a truly comprehensive approach.

How do the strategic documents of the Republic of Lithuania contribute to the efforts of its institutions and organisations to build societal resilience to threats? Although the need for overall preparedness is recognised, the division of responsibilities remains unclear and fragmented. This thesis identifies the gaps between policy and its implementation by examining the strategic documents and expert opinions. The results show that the policies are summarising, visionary and directional. This leads to a lack of clarity for the institutions or to haphazard initiatives. By explaining the relationship between policy expectations and the actual willingness of the public to contribute to the defence of the state, this study contributes to the study of warfare. It also provides theoretical and empirical data for building and strengthening societal resilience in Lithuania. Promoting active dialogue, strengthening coordination between institutions and non-governmental organisations can strengthen societal resilience and thus promote better prepared national defence. / Hur bidrar Republiken Litauens strategiska dokument till dess institutioners och organisationers ansträngningar att bygga samhällelig resiliens mot hot? Även om behovet av allmän beredskap erkänns, förblir ansvarsfördelningen oklar och fragmenterad. Denna avhandling identifierar klyftorna mellan politik och dess genomförande genom att undersöka de strategiska dokumenten och expertutlåtanden. Resultaten visar att policyn är sammanfattande, visionär och riktgivande. Detta leder till en brist på tydlighet för institutionerna eller till slumpmässiga initiativ. Genom att förklara sambandet mellan policyförväntningar och allmänhetens faktiska vilja att bidra till statens försvar, bidrar denna studie till krigsvetenskap. Den tillhandahåller också teoretiska och empiriska data för att bygga och stärka samhällelig resiliens i Litauen. Att främja aktiv dialog och stärka samordningen mellan institutioner och icke-statliga organisationer kan stärka samhällelig resiliens och därigenom främja en bättre förberedd nationellt försvar.