Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine Michelle Guirau.pdf: 2806659 bytes, checksum: 39cc0e0ca259bb636829a81a9446f21a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / To delimit Indian lands in Brazil is a historically complicated task. And when it comes to the state of Mato Grosso do Sul this task requires twice the challenges. Ñande Ru Marangatu is the land of Kaiowa Indian in the municipality of Antônio João/MS next to Paraguai border. Approved as an Indian land after a long administrative procedure, the Kaiowa from Marangatu witnessed the effects of the ratification decree be suspended by the MS 25463/DF leaving that community to the roadside of MS. Ñande Ru Marangatu is a typical case of racist conduct e negligence by the Brazilian society with regards to the indigenous people in general. This study seeks to understand the intensity of the anti-indigenous speech presented by the anthropological counter report in the administrative procedure of identification and demarcation of Ñande Ru Marangatu and present it as a communicative event that reveals what is beneath the suspension of the effects of the ratification decree / Demarcar terras indígenas no Brasil é tarefa historicamente complicada. Tratando-se do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul é tarefa que dobra em seus desafios. Ñande Ru Marangatu é terra de índio Kaiowa no município de Antônio João/MS junto à fronteira do Paraguai. Homologada como terra indígena depois de um longo procedimento administrativo, os Kaiowa de Marangatu viram ser suspensos os efeitos do decreto homologatório pela MS 25463/DF sobrando àquela comunidade as beiras das estradas de MS. Ñande Ru Marangatu é um típico caso de conduta racista e descaso pela sociedade brasileira frente aos povos indígenas, de forma geral. O presente trabalho busca compreender a intensidade do discurso anti-indígena apresentado pelo contraulado antropológico no procedimento administrativo de identificação e demarcação de Ñande Ru Marangatu e apresentá-lo como um evento comunicativo que revela o que por trás está da suspensão dos efeitos do decreto homologatório

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine Michelle Guirau.pdf: 2806659 bytes, checksum: 39cc0e0ca259bb636829a81a9446f21a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / To delimit Indian lands in Brazil is a historically complicated task. And when it comes to the state of Mato Grosso do Sul this task requires twice the challenges. Ñande Ru Marangatu is the land of Kaiowa Indian in the municipality of Antônio João/MS next to Paraguai border. Approved as an Indian land after a long administrative procedure, the Kaiowa from Marangatu witnessed the effects of the ratification decree be suspended by the MS 25463/DF leaving that community to the roadside of MS. Ñande Ru Marangatu is a typical case of racist conduct e negligence by the Brazilian society with regards to the indigenous people in general. This study seeks to understand the intensity of the anti-indigenous speech presented by the anthropological counter report in the administrative procedure of identification and demarcation of Ñande Ru Marangatu and present it as a communicative event that reveals what is beneath the suspension of the effects of the ratification decree / Demarcar terras indígenas no Brasil é tarefa historicamente complicada. Tratando-se do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul é tarefa que dobra em seus desafios. Ñande Ru Marangatu é terra de índio Kaiowa no município de Antônio João/MS junto à fronteira do Paraguai. Homologada como terra indígena depois de um longo procedimento administrativo, os Kaiowa de Marangatu viram ser suspensos os efeitos do decreto homologatório pela MS 25463/DF sobrando àquela comunidade as beiras das estradas de MS. Ñande Ru Marangatu é um típico caso de conduta racista e descaso pela sociedade brasileira frente aos povos indígenas, de forma geral. O presente trabalho busca compreender a intensidade do discurso anti-indígena apresentado pelo contraulado antropológico no procedimento administrativo de identificação e demarcação de Ñande Ru Marangatu e apresentá-lo como um evento comunicativo que revela o que por trás está da suspensão dos efeitos do decreto homologatório

O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar o modelo racional jurídico elaborado por Hart e o modelo racional jurídico elaborado por Dworkin, assim como a crítica realizada por Dworkin em face do Conceito de Direito oferecido por Hart. O positivista, Herbert Hart, propõe que o direito é formado por um sistema de regras primárias e regras secundárias, sendo que uma regra de reconhecimento é responsável por identificar quais regras estão ou não incluídas em tal sistema. Caso seja apresentado um problema que não é resolvido por uma regra reconhecida pelo critério, deverá o julgador apelar para a discricionariedade. Dworkin, em um primeiro momento, criticará o conceito de Hart, alegando que o seu critério de demarcação entre o que é direito e o que não é direito é insatisfatório, por deixar de reconhecer vários elementos como jurídicos, uma vez que a regra de reconhecimento, sendo um teste de pedigree, não à capaz de captar princípios de direito não legislados e direitos e deveres controversos. Ademais, há um erro na teoria positivista de Hart, ao afirmar que os casos não claramente resolvidos por uma regra serão resolvidos a partir da arbitrariedade da autoridade estatal. Posteriormente, Dworkin oferecerá um modelo de direito que dê conta da realidade jurídica, em seu entendimento. Um modelo em que o jurista, a partir do equilíbrio reflexivo e do axioma da equidade poderá deduzir teorias possíveis para responder problemas do direito, identificando, dentre estas teorias, qual é a melhor resposta, sendo portanto a resposta exigível para a solução da lide concreta. / The objective of this research is to present the rational legal model presented by Hart and rational legal model presented by Dworkin as well as criticism made by Dworkin in the face of the Concept of Law offered by Hart. The positivist, Herbert Hart, proposes that the right is formed by a system of primary rules and secondary rules, and a rule of recognition is responsible for identifying what rules are or are not included in this system. If presented with a problem that is not resolved by a rule recognized by the criterion, the judge should resort to discretion. Dworkin, at first, criticize the concept of Hart, claiming that his criterion of demarcation between what is right and what is not right is unsatisfactory, for failing to recognize various elements such as legal, as a rule of recognition , being a test of pedigree, not able to capture the principles of law and not legislated rights and duties controversial. Furthermore, there is an error in the positivist theory of Hart, asserting that the cases do not clearly resolved by a rule will be resolved from the arbitrariness of state authority. Later, Dworkin offer a model law that embraces the legal reality in his mind. A model in which the lawyer from the reflective equilibrium and the axiom of justice may deduct possible theories to address problems of law, identifying, among these theories, what is the best answer, the answer is therefore required for the solution of the dispute concrete.

<p>In this essay I evaluate the legality of Karl Popper’s criticism against psychoanalysis, regarding this theory of Freud’s being pseudoscientific. Popper’s criticism is based on his theory of demarcation in which he states that an empirical theory must be possible to test by observations in order to be, as most important is, hypothetically possible to falsify based on other empirical statements – often in the form of new found facts that contradict the original statement/theory. In purpose of assessing Popper’s criticism I perform a modified idea analysis, based on a book by Evert Vedung (1977). By referring both to Popper and to spokespersons of psychoanalysis I structure the arguments pro and contra Popper’s criticism, in order to then weigh these arguments against each other. My main conclusion is that psychoanalysis, regardless of Popper’s criticism, is in fact an empirical theory since it can be internally validated based on the observations made by a psychoanalyst. But according to the theory of demarcation psychoanalysis can not be tested based on observations, probably because Popper by ”observations” meant only those that can be made and validated by independent scientists.</p>

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This reflection is the poetic investigation of the contemporary sculptor who works in different sites (traveler) demarcation of these spaces. Thus, this reflection is built in the space of sculpture and public space field, establishing relations with the wider environment punctuated by geography of artist. With the object of research the demarcation of space, replaces the historical issues sculpture form as a means of scoring spaces to reflect on ways to demarcations of certain places and establish relationships that place the time and space of the actions and structures of the artist . / A presente reflexão trata da investigação poética do escultor contemporâneo que atua em diferentes lugares (viajante) demarcação destes espaços. Desta forma, esta reflexão se constrói no campo do espaço da escultura e do espaço público, estabelecendo relações com o ambiente mais amplo da geografia pontuada pelo artista. Tendo como objeto de pesquisa a demarcação do espaço, recoloca as questões históricas da materialidade da escultura como um meio de pontuar espaços para refletir sobre as formas de demarcações de lugares determinados e estabelecer relações que situam o tempo e o espaço das ações e construções do artista.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseNM.pdf: 708573 bytes, checksum: 2b2f806733a067725d2fde4ee77b9450 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-13 / The present study aims to show the Algorithms of Compression as adequate criterion for the demarcation of the ambit of the mental starting from a Philosophy of Mind reflection. The Algorithms of Compression, understood from a Dennett´s soft materialism perspective - where they acquire an character in its formal sense meaning composed of successive stages of prescriptions that look for a certain result whenever they are initiate, but they also possess its heuristic character, that is to say, they are also good as economic strategy to prescribe instances not passible to reduction in random series that are, for its time, characteristic expressions of mental vocabulary (faiths, desires, longing...). / RESUMO: O presente estudo tem por objetivo principal apresentar os Algoritmos de Compressão como critérios suficientes para a demarcação do âmbito do mental a partir de uma reflexão da Filosofia da Mente. Os Algoritmos de Compressão entendidos num viés proposto pelo materialismo brando dennettiano - onde adquirem um caráter de açambarcar em seu significado um sentido formal composto de sucessivas etapas de prescrições que buscam levar a um determinado resultado sempre que forem iniciados, mas também possuem seu caráter heurístico, ou seja, servem também como estratégia econômica para prescrever instâncias não passíveis de redução à série randômica que são, por sua vez, termos próprios do vocabulário mentalista (crenças, desejos, saudade...).

Bilfria zoner är en planeringsstrategi som eftersträvar en hållbar stadsmiljö med fokus på att reducera bilanvändningen i människors vardag. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som har tagits i beaktande vid avgränsning av bilfria zoner för att få fram hur bilfria zoner ska avgränsas i svenska städer. Målet med studien var att identifiera vilka förutsättningar som är betydelsefulla vid avgränsning av bilfri zon. Därefter applicerades förutsättningarna i Gävle för att exemplifiera var det är möjligt och mest optimalt för Gävle kommun att införa en bilfri zon. Studien utfördes med två metoder för att få fram vilka förutsättningar som ska finnas vid avgränsning av bilfria zoner. Först utfördes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av fyra befintliga och planerade bilfria zoner genom en induktiv ansats på plandokument, rapporter, vetenskapliga artiklar, böcker och organisationers hemsidor. De befintliga och planerade bilfria zonerna var gågatan Ströget, Helsingfors, Oslo och stadsdelen Vauban. Därefter genomfördes fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer. De intervjuade var trafikplanerare från Gävle kommun, Sundsvalls kommun, Umeå kommun och Eskilstuna kommun. Förutsättningar som framkom från innehållsanalysen och intervjuerna visades i tematiserade tabeller för att kunna jämföra förutsättningarna som framkommit från de två metoderna. Genom en jämförelse mellan innehållsanalysen och intervjuerna identifierades nio förutsättningar. Dessa nio förutsättningar är täthet, handel, offentliga byggnader, grönytor, mötesplatser, cykelstråk, kollektivtrafik, gångstråk och parkeringshus. Förutsättningarna applicerades på ett ortofoto över Gävle i ArcMap 10.6 för att exemplifiera var en bilfri zon är möjlig och mest optimal att implementera i Gävle stad. Appliceringen av förutsättningarna resulterade sig i ett område som centrerade sig till centrala Gävle. / Car-free zones are a planning strategy that strives for a sustainable urban environment, focusing on reducing car use in people's everyday lives. The purpose of this study has been to investigate what preconditions that have been taken into account when defining car-free zones, to find out how car-free zones are to be delimited in Swedish cities. The aim of the study was to identify which preconditions that are important when designing a car-free zone. Then the preconditions were applied in Gävle to exemplify where a car-free zone is possible and optimal for the municipality of Gävle. The study was carried out with two methods to determine the conditions for the delimitations of car-free zones. First, a qualitative content analysis of four existing and planned car-free zones was carried out through an inductive approach to planning documents, reports, scientific articles, books and organizations' websites. The existing and planned car-free zones were the pedestrian street Ströget, Helsinki, Oslo and the district Vauban. Thereafter four semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviewees were traffic planners from Gävle Municipality, Sundsvall Municipality, Umeå Municipality and Eskilstuna Municipality. Preconditions emerging from the content analysis and interviews were shown in themed tables to compare the preconditions emerged from the two methods. A comparison between the content analysis and the interviews identified nine preconditions. These nine preconditions are density, trade, public buildings, green spaces, meeting places, cycle paths, public transport, walk paths and multistory car parks. The preconditions were applied to an orthophoto of Gävle in ArcMap 10.6 to illustrate where a car-free zone is possible and most optimal to implement in Gävle city. The application of the preconditions resulted in an area that centered in central Gävle

O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar o modelo racional jurídico elaborado por Hart e o modelo racional jurídico elaborado por Dworkin, assim como a crítica realizada por Dworkin em face do Conceito de Direito oferecido por Hart. O positivista, Herbert Hart, propõe que o direito é formado por um sistema de regras primárias e regras secundárias, sendo que uma regra de reconhecimento é responsável por identificar quais regras estão ou não incluídas em tal sistema. Caso seja apresentado um problema que não é resolvido por uma regra reconhecida pelo critério, deverá o julgador apelar para a discricionariedade. Dworkin, em um primeiro momento, criticará o conceito de Hart, alegando que o seu critério de demarcação entre o que é direito e o que não é direito é insatisfatório, por deixar de reconhecer vários elementos como jurídicos, uma vez que a regra de reconhecimento, sendo um teste de pedigree, não à capaz de captar princípios de direito não legislados e direitos e deveres controversos. Ademais, há um erro na teoria positivista de Hart, ao afirmar que os casos não claramente resolvidos por uma regra serão resolvidos a partir da arbitrariedade da autoridade estatal. Posteriormente, Dworkin oferecerá um modelo de direito que dê conta da realidade jurídica, em seu entendimento. Um modelo em que o jurista, a partir do equilíbrio reflexivo e do axioma da equidade poderá deduzir teorias possíveis para responder problemas do direito, identificando, dentre estas teorias, qual é a melhor resposta, sendo portanto a resposta exigível para a solução da lide concreta. / The objective of this research is to present the rational legal model presented by Hart and rational legal model presented by Dworkin as well as criticism made by Dworkin in the face of the Concept of Law offered by Hart. The positivist, Herbert Hart, proposes that the right is formed by a system of primary rules and secondary rules, and a rule of recognition is responsible for identifying what rules are or are not included in this system. If presented with a problem that is not resolved by a rule recognized by the criterion, the judge should resort to discretion. Dworkin, at first, criticize the concept of Hart, claiming that his criterion of demarcation between what is right and what is not right is unsatisfactory, for failing to recognize various elements such as legal, as a rule of recognition , being a test of pedigree, not able to capture the principles of law and not legislated rights and duties controversial. Furthermore, there is an error in the positivist theory of Hart, asserting that the cases do not clearly resolved by a rule will be resolved from the arbitrariness of state authority. Later, Dworkin offer a model law that embraces the legal reality in his mind. A model in which the lawyer from the reflective equilibrium and the axiom of justice may deduct possible theories to address problems of law, identifying, among these theories, what is the best answer, the answer is therefore required for the solution of the dispute concrete.

- 1 - Determination of the state border between Czechoslovakia and Poland Abstract This thesis deals with the question of determination of the state border between Czechoslovakia and Poland. The first chapter deals with issues related to the formation of both states and the concept of common borders, which were prepared by leading members of the Czechoslovak political representation during the World War. This chapter also deals with the presentation of the territorial requirements of Czechoslovakia at the Paris Peace Conference and related diplomatic negotiations in the context of this peace conference. The second chapter focuses on the issue of Těšínsko, which may have become the most important aspect of border disputes between the two countries concerned. The individual subchapters discuss in detail the establishment of Czechoslovak and Polish authorities in this area, their mutual negotiations, as well as the subsequent military engagement. However, special attention is given to the issue of following diplomatic negotiations, the planned referendum and, finally, the decision of the Conference of Ambassadors, as a result of which the disputed territory of Těšínsko was divided. The third chapter of this thesis focuses on the territory of Orava and Spiš. There was a further conflict of Czechoslovak and...

In this essay I evaluate the legality of Karl Popper’s criticism against psychoanalysis, regarding this theory of Freud’s being pseudoscientific. Popper’s criticism is based on his theory of demarcation in which he states that an empirical theory must be possible to test by observations in order to be, as most important is, hypothetically possible to falsify based on other empirical statements – often in the form of new found facts that contradict the original statement/theory. In purpose of assessing Popper’s criticism I perform a modified idea analysis, based on a book by Evert Vedung (1977). By referring both to Popper and to spokespersons of psychoanalysis I structure the arguments pro and contra Popper’s criticism, in order to then weigh these arguments against each other. My main conclusion is that psychoanalysis, regardless of Popper’s criticism, is in fact an empirical theory since it can be internally validated based on the observations made by a psychoanalyst. But according to the theory of demarcation psychoanalysis can not be tested based on observations, probably because Popper by ”observations” meant only those that can be made and validated by independent scientists.