Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-11-18T16:26:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Tereza Caetano Lima Chaves - 2013.pdf: 623807 bytes, checksum: da4c5681f181dbba776397a94d5bf91f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-11-18T16:27:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Tereza Caetano Lima Chaves - 2013.pdf: 623807 bytes, checksum: da4c5681f181dbba776397a94d5bf91f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T16:27:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Tereza Caetano Lima Chaves - 2013.pdf: 623807 bytes, checksum: da4c5681f181dbba776397a94d5bf91f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-20 / The theme that compares property rights and rights originating from the indians about the land they traditionally occupy, seeking a historical and interpretative analysis of each of them in order to understand the real intention of the lawgiver and the current adjustment Constitutional and infra constitutional regarding these topics. The work begin with the historical and the political analysis of the laws seeking for property rights and indians' rights. The realized the definition and characterization of each of these topics. Presents legislative, doctrine, jurisprudence and procedural researches , as well as empirical data, aiming to show that the demarcation of Indians lands in the State of MatoGrosso disregarding Constitutional principles analysed through the research, mainly those established at article 5º, XXII and article 231, § 1º of The Federal Constitution of 1988. Demonstrate that infringement to the constitutional principles by demarcation process accomplished by FUNAI culminates with the increase in judicial disputes and quarrel over land in MatoGrosso. This investees of demarcation held in absentia of the indigenous communities themselves, which actually fighting for public policy assistance on the reservations already delimited, and not, for more land. / O tema coteja o direito de propriedade e os direitos originários dos índios sobre as terras que tradicionalmente ocupam. Busca-se uma análise histórica e interpretativa de cada um deles, de forma a se entender a real intenção do legislador e as atuais disposições constitucionais e infraconstitucionais a respeito desses temas. O trabalho parte da análise da história e da política das legislações que contemplam o direito de propriedade e os direitos dos índios. É realizada a definição e a caracterização de cada um desses direitos. São apresentados resultados de pesquisa legislativa, doutrinária, jurisprudencial e processual e dados empíricos, com vistas a demonstrar que as demarcações das terras indígenas no estado de Mato Grosso desrespeitam os ditames constitucionais e infraconstitucionais analisados, em especial aqueles estabelecidos no art. 5º, XXII e no art. 231, § 1º da Constituição Federal de 1988. É demonstrado que a infringência aos ditames constitucionais pelos processos demarcatórios realizados pela FUNAI culmina com o aumento de litígios judiciais e de disputas por terras mato-grossenses.Tais investidas demarcatórias são realizadas à revelia das próprias comunidades indígenas, as quais, na realidade, lutam por políticas públicas de assistência nas reservas já demarcadas, e não, por mais terras.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (DD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

In recent years South Africans have become accustomed to the fact that the local sphere of government is part and parcel of the new democratic structure of government in the Republic. Today, all local governments are clothed with a new status, a new autonomy and a distinctive character with specifically entrenched constitutional powers and objects. Notwithstanding its newfound importance, all local government institutions had to be transformed and restructured to fit into an entirely new constitutional framework. Such a restructuring process was an often arduous and time consuming process. The restructuring furthermore required an entire overhaul of all municipal authorities since the new Constitution requires mainly parliament to add substance to a simple constitutional framework. Parliament has recently completed its constitutional obligations in respect of the restructuring of local government and a completely new legal order regulating and managing all local government structures in South Africa has been developed and enacted. All municipal role players must now constructively and purposefully implement and enforce the various new legal requirements. This new research under the title, The restructuring of Local Government under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, now seeks to systemize and structure the new local government legal dispensation. Spanning over 22 chapters, this work covers almost all legal aspects of the new local government dispensation and addresses, inter alia, aspects such as the new status of local governments, the impact of the Constitution on municipal affairs, the various objectives and challenges facing all municipalities, the new legal nature of local government institutions, a discussion of the principles of co-operative government relevant to the local sphere of governance, a look at the new models of local authorities, the demarcation of municipal boundaries, the composition and functioning of local government structures, the role and importance of traditional leadership in municipal decision making, an overview of the entrenched powers and functions of municipalities, aspects concerning municipal services and sustainable service delivery, as well as the important principles relating to municipal finances and fiscal management. Copyright 2006, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bekink, B 2006, The Restructuring (Systemization) of Local Government under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, LLD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12042006-163249 / > / Thesis (Doctor Legum (Public Law))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Public Law / unrestricted

Tide lands are owned by the Union, pursuant to art. 20, VII, of the Constitution of 1988. Despite this reference, the Constitution did not try to present the characteristic features of these assets, nor specifically ruled on its demarcation process, and these issues governed by constitutional legislation, in particular by Decree law No. 9760, issued in 1946. Since then, Brazil has owned four other beyond 1988. With this Constitution, rather than bring together the state of democratic experience, there was the so-called phenomenon of constitutionalization of Administrative Law. A new behavioral paradigm was established for Public Administration, which has been governed closely by constitutional rules, which elected the process as the primary form of performance of government agencies. The constituent power also took care to define the elements considered essential to the development of a fair trial, that beyond simple compliance to certain procedural specific regulations, is based on the firm commitment to carry out the fundamental rights of individuals. Given the new state model designed by the 1988 Constitution, imposed the need to promote a review of the various specific regulations on State processes in order to conform them to existing constitutional requirements. And this opportunity, especially the temporal distance from when edited Decree-Law No. 9,760 / 1946, as well as the anti-democratic context in the midst of which was issued, the review of the normative discipline of demarcation activity of tide lands appeared as urgent measure. Rereading promoted this work was guided by axiological vector announced from the constitutional preamble: the realization of justice and fundamental rights of individuals, in particular where the right to property and the procedural. Although that lacks Decree Law update, this measure does not seem essential, since their harmonization with the constitutional provisions and the provisions of Law No. 9,784 / 1999, which can be performed only from hermeneutical resources, which must honor the supremacy and the normative force of the Constitution. It follows, first of all, the requirement that the demarcation activity is promoted without remission or emptying of the procedural formula. Your result should pinpoint the location of tide lands with strict attention to the essential elements that make up the legal concept of this institute: the spatial framework, which is the line is the average of high tides, the temporal reference to the year 1831 and finally the systematic calculation of those averages. Should not interest the Union, as one of the entities that embodies the state, as its state even one square centimeter beyond what the Constitution gave it, as this would represent a breach of the duty of protection to which it is bound, and that overlaps any secondary interest, notably revenue collection. The due process of demarcation, which meets all requirements of legal and constitutional framework, is therefore the only instrument able to promote necessary and possible harmonization between the interests of the Union and individuals in general. / Os terrenos de marinha são de propriedade da União, conforme dispõe o art. 20, VII, da Constituição de 1988. A despeito dessa referência, o texto constitucional não tratou de apresentar os elementos característicos desses bens, nem dispôs especificamente sobre o seu processo de demarcação, estando essas questões disciplinadas pela legislação infraconstitucional, em especial pelo Decreto-lei n.º 9.760, expedido em 1946. Desde então, o Brasil já possuiu outras quatro, além da Constituição de 1988. Com esta, mais do que a reaproximação do Estado da experiência democrática, verificou-se o fenômeno que se convencionou chamar de constitucionalização do Direito Administrativo. Um novo paradigma de comportamento foi estabelecido para a Administração Pública, que passou a ser regulada bem de perto pelas normas constitucionais, as quais elegeram o processo como forma primordial de atuação dos órgãos do Estado. O Poder Constituinte também cuidou de definir os elementos que considerou essenciais para o desenvolvimento de um processo justo, que além da simples observância a determinados regramentos procedimentais, fundamenta-se no firme compromisso de realizar os direitos fundamentais dos indivíduos. Diante do novo modelo de Estado desenhado pela Constituição de 1988, impôs-se a necessidade de se promover uma revisão dos diversos regramentos dos processos estatais, de modo a conformá-los às normas constitucionais vigentes. E a este ensejo, sobretudo pela distância temporal desde quando editado o Decreto-lei n.º 9.760/1946, bem como pelo contexto antidemocrático em meio ao qual foi expedido, o reexame da disciplina normativa da atividade demarcatória dos terrenos de marinha se apresentava como medida inadiável. A releitura promovida neste trabalho foi orientada pelo vetor axiológico anunciado desde o preâmbulo constitucional: a realização da justiça e dos direitos fundamentais dos indivíduos, no caso especial o direito de propriedade e os processuais. Embora o referido Decreto-lei careça de atualização, tal providência não se mostra imprescindível, pois sua harmonização com as normas constitucionais e com as disposições da Lei n.º 9.784/1999, é passível de ser realizada apenas a partir de recursos hermenêuticos, os quais devem prestigiar a supremacia e a força normativa da Constituição. Disso decorre, antes de tudo, a obrigação de que a atividade de demarcação seja promovida sem a dispensa ou o esvaziamento da fórmula processual. O seu resultado deve apontar a localização dos terrenos de marinha com estrita atenção aos elementos essenciais que integram o conceito legal desse instituto: o marco espacial, que é a linha correspondente à média das preamares, a referência temporal ao ano de 1831, e, por fim, a sistemática de cálculo daquela média. Não deve interessar à União, como um dos entes que personifica o Estado, afirmar como seu sequer um centímetro quadrado além daquilo que a Constituição lhe conferiu, pois isso representaria o descumprimento do dever de proteção ao qual ela se encontra vinculada, e que se sobrepõe a qualquer interesse secundário, notadamente o arrecadatório. O justo processo de demarcação, que observe todos os requisitos estabelecidos no ordenamento jurídico-constitucional, é, portanto, o único instrumento apto a promover a necessária e possível harmonização entre os interesses da União e dos indivíduos em geral.

The purpose of this thesis is to describe property definition and special boundary demarcation and to analyze the differences between the two cadastral procedures. Property boundaries, especially unlawfully determined boundaries created through unofficial parcelling, can create conflicts between landowners and make it diffi-cult to know which land that a property contains of. It is possible to clarify the boundary conditions through a property definition or through a special boundary demarcation re-establish boundary marks. The methods used are: (1) A literature review to collect background information, (2) A case study to summarize court cases and (3) A questionnaire study to collect opinions from cadastral surveyors. The result is summarized in two comparisons. Firstly between restoration of landmark and special boundary demarcation (which replaced restoration of landmark in a legislative change in 2010), which demonstrated that the change in the law is considered positive because special boundary demarcation gives a legal effect on the boundaries. Secondly between property definition and special boundary demarcation which demonstrated that the two procedures are similar to each other. One difference between the procedures is that special boundary demarcation only can be used when there are no uncertainties concerning the boundary. It also demonstrated that the cadastral procedure costs only can be distributed during property definition. The legal effect on the boundaries contributes with a certainty for the property owners and is also considered positive for the community development. No exact definition of what a legal uncertainty is, was found using the three methods. A definition should make it easier to know which cadastral procedure that should be used. A question to examine in future studies is the possibilities to distribute cadastral procedure costs even during special boundary demarcation. / Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva fastighetsbestämning och särskild gräns-utmärkning samt att analysera skillnaderna mellan de olika förrättningsåtgärderna. Fastighetsgränser, speciellt olagligen bestämda gränser som tillkommit genom exempelvis sämjedelning, kan skapa konflikter mellan markägare. Det kan exem-pelvis vara svårt att veta vilken mark som hör till vilken fastighet. För att klargöra gränsförhållanden finns det möjlighet att avgöra fastighetsgränsers sträckning med fastighetsbestämning eller återutsätta gränsmärken med särskild gränsutmärkning. Metoderna som använts för att kunna uppfylla syftet är: (1) En litteraturstudie där bakgrundsinformation samlats in, (2) en fallstudie där rättsfall sammanfattats och (3) en enkätstudie där tio frågor besvarats av förrättningslantmätare. Resultatet av metoderna sammanfattas i två jämförelser. En mellan återställande av gränsmärke och särskild gränsutmärkning (som ersatte återställande av gräns-märke vid en lagändring år 2010) som bland annat visar att lagändringen anses vara positiv eftersom gränser nu får rättskraft. Den andra jämförelsen, mellan fastighetsbestämning och särskild gränsutmärkning visar att åtgärderna till stor del liknar varandra, men att särskild gränsutmärkning endast får ske när en gräns är juridiskt klar. Den visar också att fördelning av förrättningskostnader endast är möjlig vid fastighetsbestämning. Att gränser får rättskraft innebär en säkerhet för markägare och anses även vara bra exempelvis ur samhällsutvecklingssynpunkt. Med studien har det inte gått att hitta någon exakt definition av vad en juridisk oklarhet är, vilket borde finnas för att undvika svårigheter att välja förrättningsåtgärd. Att endast den sökande måste svara för kostnaden vid särskild gränsutmärkning anses vara orättvisst, eftersom motparten kan ha orsakat behovet av åtgärden. Möjlighet att förändra detta skulle kunna vara en intressant fråga att undersöka i framtida studier.

This thesis employs the globalization and integration-demarcation cleavage theory formulated by Huttar [2014] and Kriesi [2012], conception of populism formulated by Mudde [2017] and draws on Gramscian conception of civil society and hegemony. Aim of this thesis is to build a model of causal influence of globalization on cleavage and on populism, as was suggested by Hutter [2014]. After building this model, the aim is to explore how this theoretical relationship hold's over the 30 years since 90's, when the connection between globalization and new sociocultural cleavage had been theoretically suggested. For this model I am using KOF Globalization Index, European Values Survey datasets and Authoritarian Populism Index constructed and published by Timbro in years 1990, 1999, 2008 and 2017. This model is built on a dataset containing 38 countries on European continent or being a candidate country for EU. I am elaborating Hutter's theoretical suggestion and framing it in Gramscian conception of civil society. This allows me to suggest that populists are using organic crisis in a society to attract people who feel disjointed from current hegemonical elite and to create counterhegemony. The theory is, that globalization increases the tension between winners and losers of globalization sides of cleavage...

Section 33(1)(b) is fraught with borrowed provisions. The end-product marries German and Canadian features. The failure of the German Constitutional Courts to interpret the "essential content of a right" precipitated the adopted infant's bumpy landing in South Africa. That the sibling still lacks identity is evidenced by our Constitutional Court's evasive and superficial treatment of the clause. Section 33(1)(a) - proportionality prong enables judges to justify their neglect of Section 33(1)(b). The opinion is expressed that Section 33(1){b) demands interpretation but to date it has been shrouded in vagueness. After all without demarcating boundaries with sufficient precision and highlighting where the State may not tread the State may trespass. Alternatively the limitable nature of human rights could become a myth as Section 33(1)(b) could be transformed into an insurmountable hurdle for the State, rendering every right absolute in practice. A workable conceptual framework proposes an inverted, porous and value imbibing solution. / Law / LL.M.

Section 33(1)(b) is fraught with borrowed provisions. The end-product marries German and Canadian features. The failure of the German Constitutional Courts to interpret the "essential content of a right" precipitated the adopted infant's bumpy landing in South Africa. That the sibling still lacks identity is evidenced by our Constitutional Court's evasive and superficial treatment of the clause. Section 33(1)(a) - proportionality prong enables judges to justify their neglect of Section 33(1)(b). The opinion is expressed that Section 33(1){b) demands interpretation but to date it has been shrouded in vagueness. After all without demarcating boundaries with sufficient precision and highlighting where the State may not tread the State may trespass. Alternatively the limitable nature of human rights could become a myth as Section 33(1)(b) could be transformed into an insurmountable hurdle for the State, rendering every right absolute in practice. A workable conceptual framework proposes an inverted, porous and value imbibing solution. / Law / LL.M.

The thesis is focused on theoretical principles of demarcation of products with health effects in the EU law and on the reflection of these issues in the application and administrative practice in commercial law. The thesis developed yet been brought judicial interpretation with the scientific interpretation of certain key and decisive problems that separate from each other law-regimes of regulation: medicinal product for human use, foods, cosmetics products, medical devices and biocides. Correct law-regime for a particular product is determinating of the general legal basis in the EU internal market. It is therefore a important problem not only in EU law, but also in EU economic. Thesis results are highly critical of current practice in the local markets of EU member states, especially Czech Republic, and in many instances documented sub-optimal application of this law in general practice.

Abstracts in English and Nyanja / Violent community protests are a common occurrence in South Africa ever since democracy. The aim of the study was to determine teachers’ views on the impact of violent community protests in a specific high school. Ineffective municipality leadership led to violent community protests which disrupted schooling activities. A qualitative design and one case study was employed in this study, and data were collected using individual interviews, observation and document analysis. Differences in ethnicity between community members and lack of service delivery were the cause of community protests. The study revealed that vandalising and burning down schools affect teachers’ ability to work. This study contributes to the body of knowledge to create safer learning environments in South African schools. Recommendations were made on how the community could work together and strengthen their relationship in protecting their schools’ assets. / U gwalaba ha vhadzulapo ho no tou vha kutshilele kwa misi fhano Africa Tshipembe u bva tshe ra wana mbofholowo. Ngudo heyi i amba nga ha toduluso ya migwalabo ino kwama vhadededzi musi vha tshikoloni. Migwalabo yone zwavhudi vhudi i kwama zwihulwanesa mbekanya mishumo ya tshikolo na uri ina masala ndo itwa asiya vhudi kha tsireledzo ya vhadededzi. Dzi tsedzuluso nga mutodisi wa dzi ngudo o nanga vha imeleli vhane vha do thusa kha unea vhutanzi nga ha thaidzo heyi. Kha vha imeleli uya nga ha dzi ngudo ho nangiwa vhatanu na muthihi. Nga u fhambana ha mirafho kha vhadzulapo, zwi sumbedza uri ndi tshinwe tsha zwiitisi kha uswa ha zwikolo zwinzhi Vuwani. U sa vha na nyandano na u sa pfana vhukati ha vha dzulapo zwi disa migwalabo ine ya thithisa vhadededzi na vhana zwikoloni. Dzi tsedzuluso dzo wana uri u fhisiwa ha zwikolo zwi shela mulenzhe ka ku shumele kwa Vha-dededzi. Ho themendeliwa uri vhadzulapo kha vha farisane, vha shume vhothe, vha vhe na vhuthihi kha u tsireledza ndaka ya tshikolo. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Socio-Education)