This document is based on a recent study on the relation between ethnicity, culture, «race» and ancestry among Afro-Peruvians. Findings show that while construction of the «black» or Afrodescendant identity in Peru holds the cultural dimension as a central component, it mainly - and fundamentally- revolves around the idea of the existence of a «black race». According to these «racialized» identity criteria, the boundaries of an Afro-descendant «we» cover only those with certain phenotypic markers that Afro-Peruvians themselves consider as defining membership in the «black race». The phenotypical «evidence» of «blackness» thus appears as a kind of «necessary condition» for the «black»/Afro- Peruvian identity. This form of self-identification poses a threat to the political discourses and projects of Afro-Peruvian organizations seeking to build a «de-racialized» Afrodescendant identity, one that is linked to a historical memory of the African diaspora which, nonetheless, seems to hold a weak presence among our country’s people of African descent. / El documento se basa en una reciente investigación sobre la relación entre etnia, cultura, «raza» y ancestralidad entre los afroperuanos. Los resultados permiten concluir que si bien la construcción de la identidad «negra» o afrodescendiente en el Perú tiene como un eje centra la dimensión cultural, principalmente —y de modo fundamental— gira en torno a la idea de la existencia de una «raza negra». Según estos criterios identitarios «racializados», las fronteras de un «nosotros» conformado por los afrodescendientes sólo abarcan a aquellas personas que tienen ciertos marcadores fenotípicos considerados —por los propios afroperuanos— como definitorios de la pertenencia a la «raza negra». La «evidencia» fenotípica de la «negritud» aparece así como una suerte de «condición necesaria» para la identidad «negra»/afroperuana. Esta forma de autoidentificación representa un desafío para los discursos y proyectos políticos de las organizaciones afroperuanas que procuran construir una identidad afrodescendiente «des-racializada» y vinculada a la memoria histórica de la diáspora africana —la cual,sin embargo, parece tener una débil referencia entre los afrodescendientes de nuestro país—.

As mutações da sociedade atual e a aceleração do tempo histórico levam a um impulso de coesão com e no passado, de arraigo às origens, buscando pistas de identidade contidas nesse passado coletivo. Os fenômenos da globalização parecem conduzir a uma necessidade de enraizamento e de continuidade; necessidades preenchidas pela memória. Esta, na perspectiva de Maurice Halbwachs, possui ao mesmo tempo um caráter individual e um coletivo, sendo, em parte, modelada pela família e pelos grupos sociais. Revela tanto aspectos da identidade pessoal como social e aponta qual lugar os indivíduos e os grupos ocupam na sociedade. A tradição judaica é a tradição da memória por excelência e a história do povo judeu ilustra os mecanismos da memória e da lembrança. Nesta tradição os rituais e os relatos são canais que transmitem a memória através dos tempos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar como membros e familiares de uma comunidade judaica vivem a memória coletiva e o que isso significa em suas vidas cotidianas, visando apreender o processo de construção da identidade individual. Entrevistamos 13 pessoas, de cinco famílias diferentes, descendentes de judeus que imigraram para o Brasil. O contato foi proporcionado pela Sociedade Israelita de Ribeirão Preto. Para entrevistar, utilizamos o método da história oral, uma narrativa linear e individual do que os participantes consideram significativo. Neste método, a memória é uma forma de evidência histórica e deve ser analisada como tal. Considerando que na memória as pessoas constroem um sentido do passado, a reflexão ocupa um lugar fundamental para a ressignificação deste passado recordado. As entrevistas, gravadas e transcritas, são apresentadas na íntegra. Os participantes são categorizados em grupos, por família e grau de parentesco. Família 1: Maria (filha), Fernando (neto) e Calebe (neto); Família 2: Patrícia (filha) e Iracy (neta); Família 3 : Antônio (filho), Josy (neta) e Alex (neto); Família 4: Vânia (filha) e Talita (neta); Família 5: Zélia (filha), Daniel (neto) e Raquel (neta). Os nomes são fictícios visando preservar sua identidade. Nas entrevistas notamos uma riqueza pela diversidade e semelhança: são pessoas da mesma família ou de famílias diferentes, que percebem e elaboram a experiência de suas famílias de modos distintos, particulares, complementares e às vezes parecidos, que enriquece a análise e favorece a reflexão, servindo de modelo para alguns aspectos da vida. Também percebemos um processo de construção da identidade: necessidade de contar ou silenciar; como enfrentam eventos traumáticos; como preservam ou não a religião e as tradições; as mudanças ao longo das gerações; a relação com o trabalho e o meio em que vivem; os valores herdados e transmitidos para as próximas gerações, entre outros aspectos que surgiram nas narrativas. O conceito de memória coletiva iluminou a maneira de olharmos para os participantes e seus relatos. Possibilitou que notássemos o que ficou do passado no grupo estudado e o que o grupo fez com o passado. Mais do que conclusões ou pressupostos, alertamos que as entrevistas possuem infindáveis conteúdos para serem explorados e apenas alguns destes aspectos foram abordados neste estudo. / Changes in society and the current acceleration of historical time lead to a impulse and cohesion with the past, to root of the origins, seeking identity clues contained in this collective past. The phenomena of globalization seem to lead to a need for rootedness and continuity; these needs are filled by the memory. From the perspective of Maurice Halbwachs memory has both an individual and a collective character, being partly shaped by family and social groups. It reveals both aspects of personal and social identity and points which place individuals and groups occupied in society. The Jewish tradition is the tradition of memory by excellence and the Jewish people´s history illustrates the mechanisms of memory and remembrance. In this tradition rituals and accounts are channels that transmit memory through the ages. The aim of this research was to study how members and relatives from Jewish community live the collective memory and what it means in their everyday lives, in order to apprehend the process of individual identity construction. We interviewed 13 people from five different families, descendants of Jews who immigrated to Brazil. The contact was provided by the Israeli Society of Ribeirão Preto. To interview, we used the oral history method, a linear and individual narrative of what the participants considered significant. In this method, the memory is a way of historical evidence and should be considered as such. Considering that in memory people build a sense of the past, reflection occupies a key place to resignification this past remembered. The interviews were taped and transcribed, are presented in full. Participants are categorized in groups by family and parentage. Family 1: Maria (daughter), Fernando (grandson) and Calebe (grandson); Family 2: Patricia (daughter) and Iracy (granddaughter); Family 3: Antônio (son), Josy (granddaughter) and Alex (grandson); Family 4: Vânia (daughter) and Talita (granddaughter); Family 5: Zélia (daughter), Daniel (grandson) and Raquel (granddaughter). The names are fictitious to preserve their identity. In the interviews we noticed a wealth of diversity and similarity: they are people from the same family or different families, who realize and elaborate their families experience in different, particular, complementary and sometimes similar ways, which enriches the analysis and encourages reflection, serving as a model for some aspects of life. Also realize a process of identity construction: need for tell or silence; how they face traumatic events; how preserve or not religion and traditions; changes over the generations; the relationship with the work and the medium in which they live; values inherited and transmitted to the next generations, among other aspects that emerged in the narratives. The concept of collective memory illuminated the way we look into the participants and their accounts. Enabled us to observe what became from the past in the group studied and what the group made with the past. More than conclusions or assumptions, we caution that the interviews have countless content to be explored, and only some of these aspects were approached in this study.

Afro-Descendants suffer sustained discrimination and invisibility that is proliferated with policies that were once blatantly racist, but are now furtive. This study argues that structural racism is alive and well in liberal institutions such as publicly funded colleges and universities. Thus, structural racism is subtly replicated and reproduced within these institutions and by institutional agents who are Racist without Racism. This study builds on theories from Pierre Bourdieu, Frantz Fanon, Glen Loury and Eduardo Bonilla-Silva. The juxtaposition of their theoretical arguments provides a deeper insight into how structural racism becomes a de facto reflexive phenomenon in liberal and progressive institutions such as universities, which are heralded as the epitome of racism-free spaces in colorblind states. Inspired by Lieberman’s nested mixed methods approach, the study examines Afro-Descendants’ sustained discrimination and invisibility in publicly funded universities in New York City and the city of São Paulo. The success of race-based affirmative action is examined quantitatively in New York City and São Paulo. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with Afro-Descendant professors, students and administrators in New York City and São Paulo’s publicly funded liberal university systems. These interviews are conducted to (1) understand the respondents’ experiences in their respective liberal spaces as racial minorities; and (2) determine whether they have benefited or been harmed by a public policy designed to ameliorate their inferior positions. Overall, findings from this study suggest that structural racism exists and persists in New York City and São Paulo. Moreover, Afro-Descendant participants in both cities acknowledge and experience structural racism within their respective liberal university systems.

Großer Empfang für das Faksimile des Codex Dresdensis: Vom 20.-28. Oktober besuchten auf Einladung von Luis Fernando Andrade, Vizeaußenminister Guatemalas, Prinz Alexander von Sachsen, außenpolitischer Berater des sächsischen Ministerpräsidenten, Prof. Dr. Nikolai Grube, Ordinarius und Archäologe an der Universität Bonn, und Dr. Thomas Bürger, Generaldirektor der SLUB, mehrere Städte Guatemalas. Höhepunkt der Reise war die feierliche Übergabe eines Faksimiles an Vizestaatspräsident Eduardo Stein im Nationalmuseum für Archäologie und Ethnologie in Guatmala City.

La neurostimulation périphérique (en anglais transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ou TENS) est une modalité thérapeutique fréquemment utilisée en réadaptation pour diminuer la douleur. À ce jour, cependant, l’efficacité analgésique du TENS chez les aînés demeure peu documentée. La majorité des études effectuées jusqu’à présent ont été réalisées chez les jeunes adultes ou chez des populations d’âge hétérogènes. La présente étude, un essai croisé randomisé à double insu, avait pour objectif de documenter l’efficacité analgésique du TENS conventionnel et du TENS acupuncture chez les aînés et d’observer si la réponse analgésique de ces deux modalités de TENS entre les aînés et les jeunes adultes est différente. Quinze aînés et quinze jeunes adultes ont participé à l’étude. Les participants étaient évalués à trois occasions distinctes pour recevoir en alternance un TENS conventionnel, un TENS acupuncture et un TENS placebo. Une douleur expérimentale était créée à l’aide d’une thermode de type Peltier, appliquée au niveau de la colonne lombaire pendant deux minutes, période durant laquelle les participants devaient évaluer l’intensité de leur douleur avec une échelle visuelle analogue reliée à un ordinateur (CoVAS). Les mesures de douleur ont été prises avant, pendant et après l’application de chaque type de TENS. Chez les jeunes adultes, lorsque comparée au niveau de douleur initiale, une diminution significative de la douleur a été observée pendant et après l’application du TENS conventionnel et acupuncture. Le TENS conventionnel et acupuncture étaient supérieurs au traitement placebo (toutes les valeurs de p < 0,05). Cependant, chez les aînés, le TENS conventionnel et acupuncture n’ont pas permis de diminuer significativement la douleur. De plus, aucune modalité TENS ne se démarquait du traitement placebo (toutes les valeurs de p > 0,05). Bien que le TENS conventionnel et le TENS acupuncture soient efficaces chez les jeunes adultes, les présents résultats suggèrent que le TENS n’est pas la meilleure option de traitement pour diminuer la douleur chez les aînés, du moins lorsqu’il est utilisé seul (monothérapie). Des études futures, visant à déterminer des façons de bonifier l’effet du TENS chez les aînés, sont nécessaires.

Les personnes vieillissantes doivent composer au quotidien avec des douleurs chroniques. Le but de ce travail est de mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents qui contribueraient aux douleurs chroniques liées au vieillissement et par là, ouvrir un chemin vers de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques. Les contrôles inhibiteurs diffus nociceptifs (CIDN) ont un rôle qui n’est pas des moindres dans le contrôle de la douleur. Des études expérimentales examinant l’effet analgésique de la contre stimulation hétérotopique nociceptive (HNCS), un protocole permettant de tester l’efficacité de ces CIDN, suggèrent que le recrutement des CIDN au sein de cette population était plus faible (i.e. moins d’inhibition) comparé à une population plus jeune. En revanche, les études examinant la sensibilisation centrale induite par sommation temporelle (TS) de la douleur rapportent des résultats mitigés. De plus, une composante importante influençant l’expérience de douleur, les ressources cognitives, dont l’inhibition cognitive, se voient aussi décliner avec l’âge. Premièrement, le recrutement des CIDN a été comparé entre des participants sains, jeunes et des plus âgés avec la HNCS, et le recrutement des mécanismes de sensibilisation centrale avec la TS. La stimulation électrique du nerf sural a été choisie pour permettre de quantifier la douleur, tout en prenant une mesure indicative de la nociception spinale qu’est le réflexe nociceptif spinal (RIII). Nos sujets ont aussi participé à une tâche cognitive (le Stroop), testant l’inhibition cognitive. Deuxièmement, l’efficacité des CIDN ainsi que de l’inhibition cognitive a été testée chez les jeunes et les aînés en imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM), afin de vérifier la relation entre ces deux mesures psychophysiques et l’épaisseur corticale des régions qui y sont impliquées ainsi que l’effet de l’âge sur celles-ci. Les résultats suggèrent un moindre recrutement des CIDN chez les plus âgés lors de l’expérimentation de la HNCS. Également, les sujets âgés présentaient des capacités d’inhibitions cognitives plus faibles que les jeunes. En plus, une corrélation entre l’inhibition cognitive et la modulation du réflexe RIII par la HNCS a été mise en évidence. Pour l’expérience de TS, les résultats étaient comparables pour les deux groupes, suggérant que les mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de la douleur ne subiraient pas l’effet de l’âge de la même manière. Pour l’étude de l’épaisseur corticale, on y trouve une diminution globale de l’épaisseur corticale liée à l’âge, mais aussi une corrélation de l’analgésie par la HNCS avec l’inhibition cognitive et également, une relation des deux avec l’épaisseur corticale du cortex orbitofrontal (OFC) latéral gauche, suggérant la possibilité d’une existence d’un réseau neuronal au moins partiellement commun du contrôle inhibiteur descendant sensoriel et cognitif. Ce travail montre que l’effet de l’âge sur les mécanismes centraux de la régulation de la douleur est loin d’être uniforme. Également, il montre une corrélation entre la modulation endogène de la douleur et l’inhibition cognitive, ces deux processus seraient associés à une même région cérébrale. Ces résultats pourraient contribuer à identifier d’autres méthodes thérapeutiques, ouvrant ainsi une nouvelle avenue vers d’autres options dans la prise en charge des douleurs chroniques chez les personnes vieillissantes. / Elderly have to deal daily with chronic pain. The diffuse inhibitory descending controls (DNIC) are much involved in the pain control. It was shown that the DNIC recruitment was lower in elderly than in young population, using the analgesic effect of the heterotopic noxious counter stimulation (HNCS), a protocol allowing testing the efficiency of the DNIC. However, the studies assessing the central sensitization by the temporal summation of pain after repetitive stimuli have reported mixed results, the effect of age is still unclear. In addition, there is an age-related decline of an important component, which has an influence on pain perception, the cognitive resources and especially the cognitive inhibition. The goal of this work is to understand the underling mechanisms of the chronic pain related to the normal aging, which can leads to a new therapeutic perspectives. First, the recruitment of the CIDN was compared between healthy young and elderly participants using the HNCS, and the central sensitization was tested using TS. The sural nerve electric shock stimulation was chosen, because it allows us to have two measures, the pain rating and the nociceptive spinal reflex (RIII), an indicative measure of the nociception. Our participants were also invited to participate in a cognitive task (the Stroop), to assess the cognitive inhibition. Second, the efficacy of the CIDN and the cognitive inhibition in elderly and young participants was tested, but this time in a magnetic resonance imaging session. We have wanted to test the association between these two-psychophysics measures, with the cortical thickness of the regions involved into these two processes, and the effect of the normal aging on them. The results have showed a less recruitment of the DNIC in elderly in the HNCS experiment. Also, the elderly have performed less than young in the cognitive inhibition. In addition, a correlation between the cognitive inhibition and the modulation of the RIII-reflex was found. For the TS experiment, no difference was shown between the two groups, suggesting that aging may affect differently the mechanisms involved in endogenous pain modulation. The morphometric study has showed a global diminution of the cortical thickness with aging. Furthermore, there was an association, between the HNCS analgesia and the performance in cognitive inhibition, and between theses two processes and the cortical thickness of the left lateral OFC. These results suggest an eventual existence of at least a partial neuronal common network for the sensorial and cognitive descending inhibitory control. This thesis has showed that the effect of normal aging on the central mechanisms of the pain regulation might be not uniform. Also, on one hand a correlation between the endogenous modulation of pain and cognitive inhibition was reported, and on the other hand that these two processes would be related to the same cortical area. Together, these findings would help to develop new therapeutic methods and offer more options to the management of pain in the elderly.

Les discriminations se sont finalement imposées comme l’un des mécanismes de production des inégalités qui jalonnent la société française et participent à la constitution de groupes de populations minorisés. Cette thèse aborde la question de la perception, de l’identification et de la dénonciation des discriminations racistes et sexistes sous un angle méthodologique à partir des données de l’enquête Trajectoires et Origines (TeO). Il n’existe pas de correspondance automatique entre les discriminations telles qu’elles se produisent et leurs déclarations. Cette thèse invalide les soupçons de sur déclaration des discriminations racistes qu’implique leur enregistrement massif et confirme l’existence d’une sous-déclaration des discriminations sexistes qui les fait apparaître comme un phénomène marginal. L’enquête TeO parvient à contourner les obstacles qui limitent les déclarations de discriminations racistes que sont le doute, le rejet d’un positionnement victimaire, la valorisation du mérite, la résignation mais ne parvient pas à pallier les mécanismes qui inhibent les déclarations de discriminations sexistes. Le déficit de sensibilisation des femmes, le discrédit du féminisme, leur intériorisation associée à leur caractère principalement systémique rendent les discriminations sexistes insaisissables. De plus, l’analyse intersectionnelle met au jour comment le croisement d’une situation de dominant liée au sexe à une situation de dominé liée à la prétendue race place les hommes racisés au cœur d’une intersection génératrice de tensions qui rendent les discriminations à leur encontre plus manifestes que celles subies par les femmes racisées. / Discrimination has finally been acknowledged as one of the mechanisms behind the inequality that pervades French society and contributes to the formation of minoritized population groups. The present doctoral thesis explores the perception, identification and reporting of racial and sexist discrimination from a methodological perspective, drawing on data from the Trajectories and Origins (TeO) survey. There is no automatic correspondence between occurrences of discrimination and their reporting. This thesis refutes the suspicion that racial discrimination is over-reported, fed by the huge volume of recorded cases, and confirms the massive under-reporting of sexist discrimination, which makes it appear a marginal phenomenon. While the TeO survey successfully circumvented the obstacles that traditionally deter respondents from reporting racial discrimination, namely doubt, resignation, a refusal of victimhood and a belief in merit, it could not overcome the mechanisms that inhibit the reporting of sexist discrimination. The latter’s largely systemic nature has led to its internalization, while women’s lack of awareness and the discrediting of feminism in France have also helped to make sexist discrimination difficult – if not impossible to measure. Moreover, the use of an intersectional approach revealed that being dominant in relation to sex, but dominated with regard to so-called race, places racialized men at a tension-charged intersection that makes discrimination against them more visible than that experienced by racialized women.

Cette étude est focalisée sur la Grande guerre du Nord (1700-1721) et le destin des Suédois en Biélorussie et en Russie. Cette guerre est représentée de manière différente dans l'historiographie suédoise, russe et biélorusse. Nous essayons de comparer ces diverses approches dans notre première partie. Nous étudions, par la suite, les différents aspects de la vie des Carolins. Nous voyons ainsi que ces derniers sont présents pendant la guerre en Biélorussie, et que certains d'entre eux y restent. En Russie, en revanche, il s'agit de prisonniers de guerre, capturés essentiellement à Poltava. Ces Carolins constituent un apport important dans le développement de la Russie et nous le montrons à travers les exemples de Saint-Pétersbourg et de la Sibérie. Nous achevons cette thèse en étudiant la question de leur descendance en Russie et en Biélorussie, ainsi que celle de la mémoire, jusqu’à nos jours, de la Grande guerre du Nord. / This study focuses on the Great Northern War (1700-1721) and on the destiny of Swedes in Belarus and Russia. The Swedish, Belarusian and Russian historiography use different ways to depict this war. We compare these various approaches in the first part of this thesis. Then, we study the different aspects of the Carolin's life: in Belarus they were present during the war and some of them stayed there. In Russia the question is about prisoners of war captured after the Battle of Poltava (1709), who brought a big contribution in the development of Russia, such as in Sankt-Petersburg and in Siberia. In Russia some Carolins took root too : we study the question of their descendants in Russia and Belarus, but also the question of the memory of Great Northern War until our days.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Rivelino.pdf: 422733 bytes, checksum: 77fed3b0307296c397430575889bad71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-26 / This dissertation presents the Case Storeroom of Tile, looking for to contemplate on a history of the black’s descendants of enslaved front to the expropriation of lands in Guarapuava, PR. We discussed some of the arguments during the research on the processes of construction of identities and of social organization in the disputes for lands in the State of Paraná, in Guarapuava, also detaching the black's roll in the Brazilian society. We problematized the historical visions about the relationship existent among slaves and their lord, considering how these visions started composing the main ideas about the formation of the Brazilian people, as well as its influence in specific cases as the one of the Storeroom of Tile. Starting from this case, we tried, to present a history so called “the minorities” and how these minorities are treated in the dynamics of the social processes, focusing our study in the form how that group of descendants of enslaves of the interior of paraná molded their strategies of defense, survival and reply to the system, forming their own identity trying to insert in the local society. For the historical reconstruction of the Case Storeroom of Tile, we studied mainly a dossier prepared by the Pastoral Commission of the Earth, analyzing the speeches and the approaches used in it to justify the organization of a movement with juridical existence in order to claim the inherited and expropriated lands, the ‘Association Heleodoro Storeroom of Tile’, whose actions we tried to understand and to problematize, studying which are their inspiring sources related to the movements of afro-descendants, syndical and country workers without land demands. This research brings us to understand that the traditional families of Guarapuava created a net of power in order to isolate and expropriate blacks-descendants of having their lands. Today these lands are occupied by the “Cooperativa Agrária Mista de Entre Rios”, descendants of European immigrants, showing that some groups are considered by the elite of the local society as worthy of be landowners, in a context where the economical expropriation of afro-descendants people go trough ethnical questions and racial prejudices are deep-rooted in the regional history / Esta dissertação apresenta o Caso Paiol de Telha, buscando refletir sobre uma história dos descendentes de negros escravizados frente à expropriação de terras em Guarapuava, PR. Discutimos alguns dos argumentos levantados durante a pesquisa sobre os processos de construção de identidades e de organização social nas disputas por terras no Estado do Paraná, em Guarapuava, também destacando o papel do negro na sociedade brasileira. Problematizamos as visões históricas sobre o relacionamento existente entre os escravizados e seus senhores, tentando considerar como estas visões passaram a compor as idéias em circulação sobre a formação do povo brasileiro, bem como sua influência em casos específicos como o do Paiol de Telha. Buscamos, a partir deste caso, apresentar uma história das chamadas minorias e como estas são tratadas na dinâmica dos processos sociais, focalizando nosso estudo na forma como esse grupo de descendentes de escravizados do interior paranaense moldou suas estratégias de defesa, sobrevivência e contestação ao sistema, formando uma identidade própria para tentar se inserir na sociedade local. Para essa reconstrução histórica do Caso Paiol de Telha, estudamos principalmente um dossiê elaborado pela Comissão Pastoral da Terra, analisando os discursos e as abordagens usadas nele para justificar a organização de um movimento com existência civil de reivindicação das terras herdadas e expropriadas, a Associação Heleodoro Paiol de Telha, cujas ações tentamos compreender e problematizar, estudando quais suas fontes inspiradoras relacionadas às demandas dos movimentos negro, sindical e de trabalhadores rurais sem terra. A pesquisa nos levou a compreender que as famílias conservadoras de Guarapuava criaram uma rede de poder para isolar e expropriar os negros descendentes de escravizados que eram herdeiros de terras. Apontou-se o fato de que hoje estas estão ocupadas pela Cooperativa Agrária Mista de Entre Rios, de descendentes de imigrantes europeus, demonstrando que grupos são considerados pela elite da sociedade local como dignos de serem proprietários de terras, num contexto em que a expropriação econômica de afrodescendentes se cruza com questões étnicas e preconceitos raciais enraizados na história regional.

A mobilidade e as experiências de liberdade de pessoas negras pobres e remediadas no período imediatamente anterior e posterior à abolição (1880-1900) em São Paulo foram comumente interpretadas como desordem, distúrbio e vadiagem por autoridades policiais mais comprometidas com os interesses das elites políticas e econômicas locais, tanto do final do Império quanto do início da República. Aproximando-se das tensões sociais do contexto abolicionista e seus anos seguintes, identificamos um contexto geral de violência e vulnerabilidade social para afrodescendentes em geral, especialmente os que buscavam desprender-se da escravidão. No entanto, a partir de um olhar interessado pelos sentidos internos de suas experiências, podemos interpretar na leitura das fontes pesquisadas inúmeras estratégias de mobilização e táticas de sobrevivência produzidas por mulheres e homens negros oriundos de diferentes regiões. A documentação policial (ofícios e partes policiais) e os relatórios de fiscalização urbana nos informaram sobre práticas de resistência e afirmação dessa população, que através de lutas multifacetadas e da negociação de direitos esforçou-se em construir sua cidadania com mais autonomia a partir de padrões culturais próprios e específicos. Isto incluiu deslocamentos constantes, além da busca por relações de trabalho reguladas por noções costumeiras de reciprocidade, mas sem extrapolar suas necessidades de subsistência, ampliando assim suas possibilidades de autonomia. Estas manifestações podem ser traduzidas como rechaço às tentativas de controle social cujo objetivo era restringir a experiência de afrodescendentes somente a oferta e/ou venda precária de sua mão-de-obra. Indo além das relações de trabalho, as acusações de vagabundagem e/ou vadiagem, embriaguez, ou a perseguição a determinados padrões de sociabilidade e aos ajuntamentos motivados por jogos prohibidos, dansas e/ou batuques, práticas festivas e/ou religiosas são rubricas que testemunham negociações que se fizeram necessárias aos projetos de implantação de uma modernidade orientada pelo racismo e sanitarismo hegemônicos no panteão científico da época. Por fim, situamos nosso objeto em relação às premissas da agência histórica e, mais especificamente, aos debates historiográficos sobre continuidades nas experiências de liberdade de escravizados e ex-escravizados como orientadoras na construção de uma cidadania possível. Nos referenciamos também nas teorias acerca das implicações estruturais da presença centro-africana na formação social e cultural afro-americana em geral, e do sudeste brasileiro em particular. / Freedom experiences and mobility of destitute and semi poor Afro-descendants in São Paulo (1880-1900: period immediately preceding the abolition through the initial postabolition period) were often viewed as acts of \"disorder\", \"disturbance\" and \"vagrancy\" by police authorities. These repressive forces were committed to the interests of local political and economic elites, both at the end of the Empire and at the beginning of the Republic of Brazil. While diving into the social tensions of the abolitionist period, we identified a context of social vulnerability and generalized violence towards Afro-descendants, specially to those individuals that sought to liberate themselves from slavery. However, while brushing history against the grain, we access a specific gaze interested in the internal meanings of these experiences. Actually, we verify black women and men of diverse regions bringing forth numerous mobilization strategies as well as survival tactics. The analyzed sources (police memorandums and urban surveillance reports) informs us about acts of resistance and affirmation of this population. Through multifaceted struggles and fierce negotiations for their rights they strained to build their citizenship autonomously, based on their own specific cultural standards. This included constant displacements, as well as the search for labor relations regulated by customary notions of reciprocity. Often, they did not work more than necessary for their subsistence either. Thus, this also expanded their possibilities of autonomy. These manifestations can be translated as a rejection of social control attempts that had the objective of restricting the experience of Afro-descendants, while seeking to turn them into merely passive individuals fit only to become cheap labor supply. Clearly, projects that sought to implement a notion of modernity oriented by racism and hygienist doctrines (hegemonic concepts in the scientific pantheon of that epoch) were forced to negotiate with supposed defiances such as \"vagrancy\" and / or \"loitering\" \"drunkenness\". The persecution of certain patterns of sociability and \"gatherings\" motivated by \"forbidden games,\" \"dances\" and/or \"batuques festive and/or religious practices are rubrics that testify to such dispute. Finally, we place our object in relation to the premises of the historical agency. More specifically, this study unfolds in the light of the historiographic debates about continuities in freedom experiences as a building block in the construction of a possible citizenship of the enslaved/ex-enslaved. We also refer to the theories about the structural implications that the presence of Central Africans imprinted on the Afro-American social and cultural formation in general, and the Brazilian southeast in particular.