The present thesis is interested in the television communication process, proposing to examine, in specific, the advertising discourse, with the main objective to analyze the relations contracted between advertising texts and the consumer market, considering the product promoted characteristics, its consumption logics and its target audience. In other words, we question the interference of these aspects, as well as the product aggregated values, in the discursive and expressive configuration of the television advertising texts, in the strategies choices to interpellate their potential consumers. For a better understanding of the publicity texts construction process under examination, the research is based on european semiotics principles and foundations, as conceived by Hjelmslev, Greimas, Barthes, trying to translate and articulate, from a methodological approach, theese theorists conceptions, so as to apply them in some analysis path to describe this specific discourse type: the television advertising, in its different configuration modalities. The research corpus was composed by twelve telvisuals commercials, that was broadcasted nationally during the RGT programming, through its affiliate RBSTV, between 14 and 27.07.2014. Even with many different narratives and configurations, some regularities have been identified: if the advertised products and their consumption logics are not the same and they even belong to different sectors, if they are intended for different consumer categories, if the narratives are diverse, if their protagonists are configured differently, if the scenarios vary, this research allowed to identify many common aspects, recurrences that do not depend on the target audience characteristics, the product advertised types and even the logics that govern their consumption, contradicting the initial assumption, that these factors would be definitive in the advertising set-up. / A presente tese interessa-se pelo processo comunicacional televisual, propondo-se a examinar, em específico, o discurso publicitário, com o objetivo maior de analisar as relações contraídas entre os textos publicitários e o mercado de consumo, tendo em vista as características do produto anunciado, as lógicas que presidem seu consumo e o público alvo a que se destina. Em outros termos, questiona-se sobre a interferência desses aspectos, bem como dos valores agregados à aquisição de um produto na configuração discursiva e expressiva dos textos publicitários televisuais, na escolha das estratégias empregadas para interpelar seus potenciais consumidores. Para melhor compreensão do processo de construção dos textos publicitários em exame, a investigação apoia-se em princípios e fundamentos de uma semiótica de inspiração europeia, tal como foi concebida por Hjelmslev, Greimas, Barthes, procurando traduzir e articular, do ponto de vista metodológico, as concepções desses teóricos, de modo a aplicá-las na estruturação de um percurso de análise que possibilite descrever esse tipo específico de discurso: o publicitário televisual, em suas diferentes modalidades de configuração. O corpus foi composto por doze peças publicitárias televisuais veiculadas em âmbito nacional durante a programação da RGT, via sua afiliada RBSTV, entre os dias 14 e 27.07.2014. Mesmo com narrativas e configurações diversas, foram identificadas algumas regularidades: se os produtos anunciados e suas lógicas de consumo não são os mesmos e eles até mesmo pertencem a diferentes setores, se eles se destinam a diferentes faixas de público consumidor, se as narrativas são diversas, se seus protagonistas são configurados diferentemente, se os cenários variam, as análises realizadas por esta investigação permitiram identificar muitos aspectos comuns, reincidências que independem das características do público alvo, do tipo de produto anunciado e mesmo das lógicas que presidem o seu consumo, contrariando a pressuposição inicial de que esses fatores seriam definitivos na forma de configuração das peças publicitárias.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BeneditaVA.pdf: 3215715 bytes, checksum: d5b8929cc44be96819172ec528bdd25f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this work, the argumentative strategies construction in university entrance examinations texts is analyzed. The study intended to present, through the analyzed occurrences in the corpus, the discursive strategies use for the argumentation construction, observing the different lexicalization forms and the effects that these strategies produced for the intended meaning construction. Aiming to analyze the modalization via texts written by candidates for the UFRN entrance examination, the relations between this category and the resources used for the argumentative guidance of the text were highlighted. Conceived as a speaker argumentative strategy to express his/her relationship with the proposition content which enunciates, the modalization is, thus, one of the linguistic expression form used for the attainment of intended meaning effects in the argumentation construction. In order to substantiate the research, the theoretical assumptions adopted were the propositions which deal with this linguistic category, guiding it to a pragmatic-semantic perspective as well as a discursive-semantic one. Hence, Neves ( 1996, 2006), Koch ( 2000, 2002), Cervoni ( 1989), Bronkart (1999) and Castilho; Morais de Castilho (1996) studies, among others founded this work. Afterwards, a contextualized analysis of the modalized statements, taking into account all the set of elements implied on the argumentation construction, was carried out. The research, which had a strict qualitative character, revealed that the candidates make use of modalization to express commitment or dissociation as regards the statement which they produce; to obtain credibility and provide more authority to their arguments, thus avoiding them of being contested; to impose their arguments as real ones and acquire acceptance of the interlocutor; to lessen the proposition content and disguise the knowledge source; to comment the enunciation and attribute the discourse to another sender; to establish a dialogic relation with the interlocutor. In addition to offering support for new investigations, the research also aims to contribute for the mother tongue teaching, emphasizing the need of a focus which provides special attention to the written language functioning and its application diversity. In this work, the argumentative strategies construction in university entrance examinations texts is analyzed. The study intended to present, through the analyzed occurrences in the corpus, the discursive strategies use for the argumentation construction, observing the different lexicalization forms and the effects that these strategies produced for the intended meaning construction. Aiming to analyze the modalization via texts written by candidates for the UFRN entrance examination, the relations between this category and the resources used for the argumentative guidance of the text were highlighted. Conceived as a speaker argumentative strategy to express his/her relationship with the proposition content which enunciates, the modalization is, thus, one of the linguistic expression form used for the attainment of intended meaning effects in the argumentation construction. In order to substantiate the research, the theoretical assumptions adopted were the propositions which deal with this linguistic category, guiding it to a pragmatic-semantic perspective as well as a discursive-semantic one. Hence, Neves ( 1996, 2006), Koch ( 2000, 2002), Cervoni ( 1989), Bronkart (1999) and Castilho; Morais de Castilho (1996) studies, among others founded this work. Afterwards, a contextualized analysis of the modalized statements, taking into account all the set of elements implied on the argumentation construction, was carried out. The research, which had a strict qualitative character, revealed that the candidates make use of modalization to express commitment or dissociation as regards the statement which they produce; to obtain credibility and provide more authority to their arguments, thus avoiding them of being contested; to impose their arguments as real ones and acquire acceptance of the interlocutor; to lessen the proposition content and disguise the knowledge source; to comment the enunciation and attribute the discourse to another sender; to establish a dialogic relation with the interlocutor. In addition to offering support for new investigations, the research also aims to contribute for the mother tongue teaching, emphasizing the need of a focus which provides special attention to the written language functioning and its application diversity / Neste trabalho, analisa-se a constru??o de estrat?gias argumentativas em textos de vestibulandos. O estudo procurou demonstrar, por meio das ocorr?ncias analisadas no corpus, o emprego de estrat?gias discursivas para a constru??o da argumenta??o, observando as diferentes formas de lexicaliza??o e os efeitos que essas estrat?gias produziram para a constru??o do sentido pretendido. Com o objetivo de analisar a modaliza??o a partir de textos constru?dos por candidatos ao concurso vestibular da UFRN, procurou-se evidenciar rela??es entre essa categoria e outros recursos utilizados para a orienta??o argumentativa do texto. Concebida como uma estrat?gia argumentativa do falante para expressar seu relacionamento com o conte?do da proposi??o que enuncia, a modaliza??o ? uma das formas de express?o ling??stica utilizada para obten??o de efeitos de sentidos pretendidos na constru??o da argumenta??o. Para embasar a pesquisa, adotaram-se como pressuposto te?rico os postulados que tratam dessa categoria ling??stica, inserindo-a numa perspectiva sem?ntico-pragm?tica e numa perspectiva sem?ntico-discursiva. Para tanto, serviram de base os estudos de Neves (1996; 2006), Koch (2000; 2002), Cervoni (1989), Bronkart (1999), e Castilho; Morais de Castilho (1996) entre outros. Procedeu-se a uma an?lise contextualizada dos enunciados modalizados, considerando todo o complexo de elementos implicados na constru??o da argumenta??o. A pesquisa, que teve car?ter estritamente qualitativo, revelou que os candidatos fazem uso da modaliza??o para expressar compromisso ou afastamento em rela??o ao enunciado que produzem; para obter credibilidade e conferir mais autoridade a seus argumentos, evitando que sejam contestados; para impor seus argumentos como verdadeiros e obter aceita??o do interlocutor; para atenuar o conte?do das proposi??es e camuflar a fonte de conhecimento; para comentar a enuncia??o e atribuir o discurso a outro enunciador; para estabelecer uma rela??o dial?gica com o interlocutor. Al?m de oferecer suporte para novas investiga??es, a pesquisa tamb?m procura contribuir para o ensino de l?ngua materna, enfatizando a necessidade de um enfoque que privilegie o funcionamento da linguagem escrita e sua diversidade de aplica??es

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / In contemporary society, the meaning of diabetes mellitus is associated with a pathological conception, linked to the idea of deficiency and individual responsibility. Consequently, people with diabetes are constantly being called to respond for the appearance of illness or the complications of non-adherence to prescribed forms of care by health professionals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand how people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and their caregivers and / or companions manage the process of accountability in a situation of group interaction. Discursive Psychology, a British proposal for conducting discourse analysis, inspired by social constructionist epistemology was adopted as the theoretical and methodological framework. Five workshops were performed and 25 people (middle-aged adults and seniors from 30 to 70 years) both male and female with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and their caregivers or companions (family, friends, and neighbors), users of services of a Basic Family Health attended. The steps of our analysis were: a) transcripts of the conversations of the group, b) curious, attentive and interrogative reading of the material collected, c) identification of excerpts from conversations that were related to the process of accountability, d) identification of excerpts that illustrate different discursive strategies related to the process of accountability, and e) analysis of the use of discursive strategies for managing accountability. The focus was to understand the role of discursive strategies and their effects on interaction during the conversations of the groups. Through analysis, two discursive strategies were named according to their role in the interaction: 1) "Blaming others: Assigning responsibility to others" and 2) "Blaming oneself." The latter strategy had two distinct movements, so they were categorized into two sub-strategies: "Taking responsibility: the use of other forms of care" and "Taking responsibility: the getting used to living with diabetes." Throughout the analysis, we observed that the discursive strategies allowed participants to put themselves discursively into interactional context in order to present themselves as people who take care of health and manage possible charges. In addition, through analysis, Accountability was understood as something discursively constructed and directly related to situational demands of the interactive context and socio-cultural expectations and not as something that can be defined as an internal psychological construct, as a process decision-making nor as causal attribution. This study therefore invites critical reflection on ways to talk about diabetes and its impact on the lives of people with the disease, their caregivers and health professionals. / Na sociedade contemporânea, os sentidos do Diabetes mellitus estão associados a uma concepção patológica, ligada à ideia de déficit e de responsabilidade individual. Nesse sentido, as pessoas com diabetes são constantemente chamadas a responder seja pelo surgimento do adoecimento ou pelas complicações decorrentes da não adesão às formas de cuidado prescritas pelos profissionais de saúde. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como pessoas com Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e seus cuidadores e/ou acompanhantes, em situação de interação em grupo, manejaram o processo de Responsabilização. O referencial teórico-metodológico adotado foi a Psicologia Discursiva, uma proposta inglesa para realização de análise do discurso, inspirada pela epistemologia construcionista social. Foram realizadas para este trabalho cinco oficinas em grupos, das quais participaram 25 pessoas (adultos de meia idade e idosos de 30 a 70 anos), de ambos os sexos, com Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2 e seus cuidadores e/ou acompanhantes (familiares, amigos, vizinhos), usuários dos serviços de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família. Os passos da nossa análise foram: a) transcrição das conversas do grupo; b) leitura curiosa, atenta e interrogativa do material coletado; c) identificação de trechos de conversas que estivessem relacionadas ao processo de Responsabilização; d) identificação de trechos que ilustravam diferentes estratégias discursivas relacionadas ao processo de Responsabilização; e e) análise do uso das estratégias discursivas para o manejo da Responsabilização. O foco da análise consistiu em entender a função das estratégias discursivas e os seus efeitos na interação ao longo das conversas dos grupos. Por meio da análise, foram nomeadas duas estratégias discursivas de acordo com sua função na interação: 1) Responsabilizando aos outros: atribuindo responsabilidade a terceiros e 2) Responsabilizando-se . A última estratégia apresentou dois movimentos distintos, por isso foram categorizadas duas sub-estratégias: Responsabilizando-se: o uso de outras formas de cuidado e Responsabilizando-se: o acostumar-se a viver com diabetes . Ao longo da análise, observou-se que as estratégias discursivas permitiram com que os participantes se colocassem discursivamente no contexto interacional de forma a apresentarem-se como pessoas que cuidam da saúde e administrarem possíveis acusações. Além disso, por meio da análise, foi possível compreender a Responsabilização como algo construído discursivamente e diretamente relacionado às demandas situacionais do contexto interativo e às expectativas sócio-culturais e não, como algo que pode ser definido como um constructo psicológico interno, como um processo de tomada de decisões ou atribuição de causalidade. Esse estudo convida, portanto, a uma reflexão crítica sobre as formas de conversar sobre diabetes e seu impacto na vida das pessoas com a doença, seus cuidadores e os profissionais de saúde. / Mestre em Psicologia Aplicada

Ce mémoire, “Deictic Shifts and Discursive Strategies in Othello”, est une étude des outils linguistiques et les stratégies utilisées par les différents personnages de la pièce. Il explore la façon dont le texte est construit et les différentes techniques qui le régissent de l'intérieur. Il étudie également l'utilisation de certains outils tels que les déplacements, les références déictiques indexicaux, les actes de langage et la rhétorique, et la façon dont ils permettent aux intervenants d'obtenir des résultats différents en fonction de la situation où ils sont. Ce travail est divisé en trois chapitres: le premier est consacré aux discours publics où je trace les différentes techniques utilisées par les personnages tel que la monopolization de la parole, la défense ou la persuasion de leurs interlocuteurs. Le deuxième chapitre se concentre sur les discours orientés vers une seule personne et montre comment les discours peuvent être utilisés pour avoir un effet sur l’interlocuteur. La première partie de ce chapitre traite de la sémiotique de choc. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la sémiotique de la tromperie et de manipulation. Le dernier chapitre est consacré aux soliloques et met l'accent sur l'écart entre les paroles de Iago et les réponses émotionnelles ainsi que les changements dans la personnalité d'Othello et de l'effet connexe de ces changements sur sa langue. / This thesis, Deictic Shifts and Discursive Strategies in Othello, is a study of the linguistic tools and strategies used by different characters in the play. It explores how the text is built and the different techniques that govern it from within. It also studies the use of certain tools such as deictic shifts, indexical references, speech acts, and rhetoric, and the way they allow the speakers to achieve various results depending on the situation they are in. This thesis is divided into three chapters: the first is dedicated to the public-oriented speeches wherein I trace the different techniques used by the characters to monopolize the conversational floor, defend themselves or convince their addressees. The second chapter focuses on the one-addressee oriented discourses and shows how discourse can be used to have an effect on the addressee. The first part of this chapter deals with the semiotics of shock. The second part is dedicated to the semiotics of deception and manipulation. The last chapter deals with soliloquies and focuses on the discrepancy between Iago’s words and emotional responses as well as the changes in Othello’s personality and the related effect of these changes on his language.

Cette étude présente une analyse du discours de la presse écrite avant et après la Révolution égyptienne de 2011 dans deux quotidiens nationaux : un journal d’État, Al Ahram et un journal indépendant, Al Dustûr. Le premier chapitre présente les notions théoriques et approches qui sont pertinentes pour cette étude. Tout d’abord, les travaux de Denis Monière (2009), que nous utilisons pour les analyses lexicale et sémantique. Ensuite, le cadre notionnel développé par Teun Adrianus Van Dijk, qui est important pour notre analyse des stratégies discursives et de l’idéologie. Le second chapitre présente un survol de l’histoire de l’Égypte, du développement de la presse écrite dans ce pays au XXe siècle et de l’histoire des deux journaux d’où sont extraits les textes de notre corpus. Le troisième chapitre présente la méthodologie et les résultats de notre analyse du corpus. Le quatrième chapitre présente enfin les principales stratégies discursives utilisées par ces deux journaux et les conclusions de notre étude, par laquelle nous espérons avoir apporté un éclairage à la compréhension des faits qui ont bouleversé l’histoire récente de l’Égypte. / This study presents an analysis of written press discourse before and after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011in two daily papers with a large diffusion : A national paper, Al Ahram, and an independent paper, Al Dustûr. The first chapter presents the theoretical notions and approaches relevant for this study, mainly those of Denis Monière (2009), in which we found the framework for lexical and semantic analyses, and that of Teun Adrianus Van Dijk (2005), in which we found the material to make the analysis of discourse strategies and ideology. The second chapter presents an overview of Egypt history, of the evolution of written press in this country and especially of the two papers from which our texts come from. The third chapter presents the methodology and results of our analyses. Finally, chapter four presents the most important discursive strategies of both papers and the conclusions of this study, by which we hope having brought some insight to the comprehension of the dramatic episode Egypt came across in his recent history.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valeria Ap Galioti Silva Prado.pdf: 4592879 bytes, checksum: 12f405d09b8c2c7983984ba1c9135002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The passage from oral mode to the written one, a common procedure in human communication, causes discourse distortion. This has been analysed in this research. This work aims at recognising some linguistic discursive strategies used by journalists while conveying the news to the readers by analysing the course of an interview, from the interviewee s oral report to the interview publication in the newspaper. The purpose of this study is to what degree such strategies can be used as an instrument od ideas manipulation, besides searching for differences in dealing with news in both analysed newspapers, tabing into account the involvement of one of them with the information. Some operations in the passage from oral report to the written one were verified, following in part the standard of textual-discursive operations proposed by Marcuschi (2003). We also emphasize the discourse study regarding its fundamental aspect, the subjectivity, with its main notions and the ones pertaining to the work: enunciation theory, polyphony and related discourse, following the presupposed theoretical writings of Benveniste (1989), Bakhtin (1981), Maingueneau (2004) and Authier-Revuz (2001), who helped the analysis of the inverted commas usage in two ways of quoting someone else s discourse, the direct speech and the textual island in an indirect speech. Finally, an analysis of selection of elocution verbs is included according to experts such as Marcuschi (1991) and Urbano (2003), who unanimously affirm that such verbs can affect the discourse interpretation that they insert. The written corpus the subject of the research is composed of two exclusive interviews granted by the Congressman Roberto Jefferson, in June 2005, to Folha de S.Paulo newspaper, besides several interviews repercussion in the same newspaper and in O Estado de S.Paulo newspaper. The oral corpus comprises passages of two exclusive interviews (16 minute and 9 second recording). The final results confirm the fact that the passage from oral mode to the written one causes a significant changes in the interpretation of the text and that the enunciations are single acts which are not reproduced, but rebuilt, originating new enunciations. When oral interviews are concerned later on published in the newspaper, the strategies analysed interfere mainly with the discourse power intended by the interviewee. The discouse power is distorted to meet its aims and thus it becomes an efficient resource for manipulating news. As to the difference with which the analysed newspapers handle the news, we have evidenced that involvement with information sources interferes with the interpretation of the texts / A passagem da modalidade oral para a escrita, procedimento freqüente na comunicação humana e, em especial para esta pesquisa, na imprensa escrita, produz alterações no discurso. O presente trabalho procura reconhecer algumas estratégias lingüísticodiscursivas utilizadas pelos jornalistas na transmissão da notícia, analisando o percurso de uma entrevista, do seu pronunciamento oral até sua publicação no jornal, para verificar em que medida tais estratégias podem servir de instrumento de manipulação de idéias, além de buscar diferenças no trato da notícia nos dois jornais analisados, levando-se em conta o comprometimento de um deles com a fonte de informação. Para isso, verificam-se algumas operações na passagem do oral para o escrito, seguindo-se, em parte, o modelo das operações textuais-discursivas proposto por Marcuschi (2003). Enfoca-se, também, o estudo do discurso no que concerne ao seu aspecto fundamental, a subjetividade, com as principais noções decorrentes dela e pertinentes ao trabalho: teoria da enunciação, polifonia e discurso relatado, seguindo-se os pressupostos teóricos de Benveniste (1989), Bakhtin (1981), Maingueneau (2004) e Authier-Revuz (2001), os quais permitem a análise do uso das aspas em duas formas de citação do discurso alheio, o discurso direto e a ilha textual em discurso indireto . Incluise, ainda, uma análise da seleção dos verbos de elocução, acompanhando-se estudiosos como Marcuschi (1991) e Urbano (2003), os quais são unânimes em afirmar que tais verbos podem agir sobre a interpretação do discurso que eles introduzem. O corpus escrito objeto da pesquisa é composto por duas entrevistas exclusivas concedidas pelo ex-deputado federal Roberto Jefferson, em junho de 2005, ao jornal Folha de S.Paulo, além de uma coletânea da repercussão dessas entrevistas no mesmo jornal e em O Estado de S.Paulo. O corpus oral corresponde a trechos das duas entrevistas exclusivas (16 minutos e 9 segundos de gravação). Os resultados obtidos confirmam que a passagem da modalidade oral para a escrita produz alterações significativas no sentido dos enunciados e que as enunciações são atos únicos, que não são reproduzidos, mas reconstruídos, dando origens a novas enunciações. Quando se trata de entrevistas orais que são, posteriormente, publicadas no jornal, as estratégias de que tratamos acabam por interferir, principalmente, na força ilocutória pretendida pelo entrevistado, a qual o jornal redireciona para atender aos seus objetivos, configurando-se, por essa razão, em eficazes recursos de manipulação da notícia. Quanto a diferenças no trato da notícia pelos jornais analisados, comprovamos que o comprometimento com a fonte de informação interfere no sentido dos enunciados

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-07-18T19:37:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilson Luiz Piber da Silva_.pdf: 11449072 bytes, checksum: 4b129d93c864328c8194c15e0f8c8b82 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T19:37:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilson Luiz Piber da Silva_.pdf: 11449072 bytes, checksum: 4b129d93c864328c8194c15e0f8c8b82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho propõe-se a examinar a analítica da midiatização esportiva, por meio das estratégias discursivas das colunas redigidas por Juca Kfouri e Tostão sobre a Copa do Mundo de 2014 no jornal Folha de S. Paulo. O problema de pesquisa está formulado nos seguintes termos: Como se manifesta a analítica da midiatização na esfera do jornalismo esportivo, a partir das estratégias discursivas e enunciativas das colunas de Juca Kfouri e Tostão sobre a Copa do Mundo de 2014 no jornal Folha de S. Paulo? A tese estrutura-se em três capítulos. O primeiro busca dimensionar a importância dos estudos sobre midiatização associada às diferentes práticas sociais que funcionam no âmbito da organização social. O segundo aborda como a midiatização afeta, especificamente, as práticas jornalísticas, de acordo com o trabalho de várias operações tecno-discursivas. O terceiro enfatiza a coluna, que é uma das instâncias do ambiente do jornal, por meio do qual se dão também operações de midiatização do jornalismo. A análise resulta que a analítica ocorre em torno de marcas de enunciação e de estratégias discursivas, realizadas pelo trabalho da coluna/colunistas no complexo universo do jornalismo. Entende-se, portanto, a analítica da midiatização como modos de dizer, apontar e avaliar um determinado acontecimento na perspectiva e iniciativa de sujeitos. / This paper aims to examine the analytics of sports mediatization, through the discursive strategies of columns written by Juca Kfouri and Tostão about the 2014 World Cup in the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo. The research problem is formulated as follows: how analytics of mediatization appears in the journalistic sphere, from the discursive and enunciative strategies in the columns of Juca Kfouri and Tostao about the World Cup in 2014, published in the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo? The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first one searches to measure the importance of studies on mediatization associated with the different social practices related to the social organization. The second one addresses on how mediatization affects specifically journalistic practices, according to the actions of several techno-discursive operations. The third emphasizes the column, which is one of the journal environmental instances, through which also occur operations of journalism mediatization. The study shows that the analytical happens around enunciation marks and discursive strategies carried out by the work of column/columnists in the complex journalism environment. It is understood, therefore, analytical mediatization as ways to say, to point and to evaluate a particular event in the subjected and initiative perspective.

This compilation thesis aims to analyse how risk and safety are constructed, reproduced, and negotiated by communicative means in safety-critical workplaces. It conceptualizes these communicative moments of shaping and reshaping risk and safety as enmeshed in multiple forms of governing. That is, the management of risk and safety may not only be an employer’s responsibility delegated by the State, in a welfarist fashion, but may take different forms through a variety of institutional practices and communicative means. These defining practices seem particularly urgent to study, since it is through them that the locus of risk may be moved from one type of area or object to another, that attention is or is not paid to certain conditions of human exposure, and that parties are appointed responsible for safety measures.The thesis centres on three safety-critical factories located in Sweden that handle corrosive and/or explosive chemicals. It analyses interviews with various employees as well as recorded talk at a safety committee meeting. Previous research has addressed the existence of a tension between a strategy of individual responsibility and one of collective protection. This study makes a further contribution by demonstrating how these traditions are advocated and negotiated in discourse, and the dilemmas that emerge in the process. Although the study demonstrates that a discourse of collective prevention is reflected and reproduced in some narratives, it also makes evident that a great deal of responsibility is placed on the individual worker to avoid risk. The analysis has been able to show that this is due to the co-presence of traditional, hierarchical advice-giving and self-reproach, which amplify the importance of workers conducting themselves with greater caution, and of those newer concepts and technologies for worker involvement and responsibilization which are implemented in line with neoliberal ideas of human resources utilization.  Furthermore, the thesis demonstrates how employees’ risk and safety discourse exposes dilemmas, especially when, consciously or not, egalitarian norms are taken into account. For instance, the moralizing elements of behavioural discourse are regularly supplemented by mitigating, pronominal, or entirely agentless discursive choices, and thus by an anticipatory display of awareness of egalitarian norms. It is argued that this discoursal softening of workers’ risk responsibilities helps condition the sustained prevalence of a behavioural approach to risk and safety. It also exposes some of its fragility.

Ce mémoire, “Deictic Shifts and Discursive Strategies in Othello”, est une étude des outils linguistiques et les stratégies utilisées par les différents personnages de la pièce. Il explore la façon dont le texte est construit et les différentes techniques qui le régissent de l'intérieur. Il étudie également l'utilisation de certains outils tels que les déplacements, les références déictiques indexicaux, les actes de langage et la rhétorique, et la façon dont ils permettent aux intervenants d'obtenir des résultats différents en fonction de la situation où ils sont. Ce travail est divisé en trois chapitres: le premier est consacré aux discours publics où je trace les différentes techniques utilisées par les personnages tel que la monopolization de la parole, la défense ou la persuasion de leurs interlocuteurs. Le deuxième chapitre se concentre sur les discours orientés vers une seule personne et montre comment les discours peuvent être utilisés pour avoir un effet sur l’interlocuteur. La première partie de ce chapitre traite de la sémiotique de choc. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la sémiotique de la tromperie et de manipulation. Le dernier chapitre est consacré aux soliloques et met l'accent sur l'écart entre les paroles de Iago et les réponses émotionnelles ainsi que les changements dans la personnalité d'Othello et de l'effet connexe de ces changements sur sa langue. / This thesis, Deictic Shifts and Discursive Strategies in Othello, is a study of the linguistic tools and strategies used by different characters in the play. It explores how the text is built and the different techniques that govern it from within. It also studies the use of certain tools such as deictic shifts, indexical references, speech acts, and rhetoric, and the way they allow the speakers to achieve various results depending on the situation they are in. This thesis is divided into three chapters: the first is dedicated to the public-oriented speeches wherein I trace the different techniques used by the characters to monopolize the conversational floor, defend themselves or convince their addressees. The second chapter focuses on the one-addressee oriented discourses and shows how discourse can be used to have an effect on the addressee. The first part of this chapter deals with the semiotics of shock. The second part is dedicated to the semiotics of deception and manipulation. The last chapter deals with soliloquies and focuses on the discrepancy between Iago’s words and emotional responses as well as the changes in Othello’s personality and the related effect of these changes on his language.

The present paper is inserted in the qualitative research perspectives that aim to analyze the practices of interactive discourse in specific contexts and the negotiation process of the image during English activities, promoted in a class of graduate students of Languages course at the Federal University of Alagoas. In light of contemporary researchers who advocate an interactional approach in foreign language classroom (KRAMSCH, 1993, 2006, TAVARES, 2006), we draw our attentions to how the discursive strategies (GUMPERZ, 1982; CAZDEN, 2001; TAVARES, 2007) are built during the interactive practices among students of foreign language (FL) and how facework is developed (GOFFMAN, 1981; BROWN e LEVINSON, 1987) during these interactions. The theme of this research moves around the language and social aspects in teaching and learning of FL. The central points of the survey are based on discussions between language, interaction and education on the theoretical principles of sociolinguistics. With the lessons analysis it was realized the importance of creating activities that might lead to the commitment of the learner during the discussions. Even the image needed to be negotiated, the use of discursive strategies identified in the classroom has enabled a greater integration of teachers with students during interactive activities. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Este trabalho está inscrito no âmbito das pesquisas qualitativas sobre linguagem, que têm como objetivo analisar as práticas interativas do discurso no contexto de sala de aula e o processo de negociação da imagem durante as aulas de Língua Inglesa promovidas em uma turma de graduação do curso de Letras da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. À luz de pensadores contemporâneos que defendem uma abordagem interacional na sala de língua estrangeira (KRAMSCH, 1993, 2006; TAVARES, 2006), volta-se o olhar para como as estratégias discursivas (GUMPERZ, 1982, CAZDEN, 2001; TAVARES, 2007) são construídas durantes as práticas interativas entre os(as) alunos(as) e professoras de língua estrangeira (doravante LE) e como se dá a negociação da face (GOFFMAN, 1981; BROWN e LEVINSON, 1987) no decorrer dessas interações. A temática dessa pesquisa transita em torno do ensino da LE. Os pontos centrais da pesquisa têm como base reflexões sobre língua, interação e ensino diante dos princípios teóricos da Sociolingüística Interacional. Com a análise das aulas, percebeu-se a relevância da criação de atividades que provocassem o comprometimento do aprendiz durante as discussões. Mesmo que a imagem dos envolvidos necessitasse ser negociada, o uso das estratégias discursivas identificadas nas aulas possibilitou uma maior integração das professoras com os alunos durante as atividades interativas.