The production costs have steadily increased within the construction industry during the 21st century. Voices are raised meaning that the construction industry is too unsuccessful in making the production more efficient and to develop it’s way of working. One way to deal with the production costs is to minimise the waste, with waste meaning activities that doesn’t add value to the finished product. Earlier studies are showing that a great deal of the costs is hidden in the form of waste. According to (Josephson, Saukkoriipi, 2005) the production costs could be reduced with 30-50 % by focusing on minimizing the amount of waste. In their study a mapping have been made of a carpenters workday, showing that only 17,5 % of the workday is spent on value adding work. Tuve Bygg AB recognised the study and has used it as inspiration for a logistical improvement effort on their project Stapelbädden stage 3.This report aims to investigate whether Tuve Bygg AB:s logistical work has resulted in increased value adding work at the expense of reduced waste.To answer this question, observations has been conducted in the form of an incidence study in which four carpenters have been observed for three weeks. The results have been compared with (Josephson, Saukkoriipi, 2005) to get an indication of whether the logistical improvements have given a positive result.Tuve Bygg AB has, with their logistical work managed to improve it’s production by minimizing the share of waste, but there are more steps to implement.The construction industry needs to develop to minimize production costs but Tuve Bygg AB has taken a step in the right direction.

Public transport is important to society as it provides spatial accessibility and reduces congestion and pollution in comparison to other motorized modes. To assure a high-quality service, all parts of the system need to be well-functioning and properly planned. One important aspect for the system's bus terminals is their capacity. This needs to be high enough to avoid congestion and queues and the delays these may lead to. During planning processes, various suggested designs and solutions for a terminal need to be evaluated. Estimating capacity and how well the suggestions will function is a challenging problem, however. It requires analysis of complex interactions and behaviour of the vehicles. This sort of analyses can preferably be carried out using microsimulation. Furthermore, a discrete event simulation approach can make use of the fact that the path of a vehicle through a terminal can readily be described by a sequence of events (such as arriving, starting to drive to a stop etc.). The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate how discrete event simulation can be used to evaluate bus terminal design and traffic control policies. The main contribution is the development of a method for bus terminal simulation. As a first step, a discrete event simulation model of a combined bus and tram stop is formulated. The model is tested on a real system where the current design is compared to an alternative one. The test shows that a model developed with a discrete event approach can be used to evaluate the situation at a stop and compare design alternatives. In the next step, a general discrete event simulation model of bus terminals is formulated. A modular approach is introduced, where a terminal can be constructed from a set of module building blocks. Another important contribution of the model is its spatial resolution that allows for queues and blockages to occur throughout the terminal. By applying the simulation model in a case study, it is shown that the model can be used to evaluate and compare various scenarios related to the layout, number of passengers and the outside traffic situation. Lastly, the bus terminal simulation model is used in a second case study in order to compare model output with empirical data. This study identified a number of factors that may have had an influence on differences between observations and simulation results and that is of interest to look further into. This includes the actual adherence to terminal rules and the effects of model parameters.

Road transportation is an essential element of mobility in most countries and we can observe an increasing demand for both goods and passenger traffic. There are however important societal and economical problems related to road transportation in terms of congestions, traffic safety and environmental effects. During the last decades vehicles have increasingly been equipped with different types of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). These systems can to some extent compensate for human behaviour and errors that cause congestions, accidents and air pollution. Most studies conducted to evaluate ADAS have focused on ADAS impacts on the driver or on the vehicle. Since an ADAS might influence not only driving behaviour and vehicle dynamics, but also the interaction between equipped and non-equipped vehicles, it is also important to consider the resulting effect on the traffic system. A reliable and realistic evaluation approach needs to include estimations of drivers’ decisions in different traffic situations with respect to the ADAS functionality and how such decisions affect the traffic system as a whole. The overall aim of the thesis is to develop a simulation based evaluation framework for investigations of impacts of different types of cruise controllers on the traffic system. The objective is also to apply the framework to evaluate a fuel minimizing cruise controller for trucks, the Look Ahead Cruise Control (LACC). The framework developed consists of a combination of a microscopic traffic simulation model, and a vehicle and ADAS simulation model. When applied for a specific ADAS, as for example the LACC, the framework needs to be complemented with a driver model that captures the changes in driving behaviour due to the system of interest. In this thesis a driver model for LACC equipped trucks was developed based on results from a driving simulator experiment, a field operational test, and a focus group study. Simulation experiments were carried out to observe the LACC impacts on the traffic system with respect to penetration rate, traffic density, and variation in the desired speed. Environmental effects were estimated using emission calculations.

A freight forwarder may consolidate its goods transportations in order to achieve a more efficient operation. When goods transportations are consolidated, they may reduce operational costs, e.g. labor and fuel. This can be further improved if a number of freight forwarders cooperate and consolidate their collective goods transportations, i.e. it is a cooperation between competitors, a coopetition. In order to maintain the cooperation, a suitable business model, in which fair cost allocations plays an important role is essential. The potential by cooperating is not exclusive to freight forwarders, but in fact, any type of goods transportation planning may benefit from cooperation. In this thesis, cooperative game theory is used as an academic tool to study cooperation between stakeholders in different transportation planning applications. Cooperative game theory defines a number of criteria for fair cost allocations. In Paper 1, the role of the municipality as an enabler of a cooperation between fictitious freight forwarders in an urban area, is studied. In this case, the municipality acts as a stakeholder with unusual characteristics. It is shown that a stable cooperation can be achieved if the municipality is willing to carry some of the cost. This cost is specified and discussed in Paper 1. The results of Paper 2 contribute to game theory by introducing a further development of a cost allocation method. Some small numerical examples are presented in order to illustrate the resulting changes. In Paper 3, the process of establishing a cooperation is studied, where the stakeholders, in this case forest companies, join the cooperation sequentially. Who will join and in what order, is not predetermined. It is shown that a stable cooperation can be achieved despite the uncertainty. This is done by using the cost allocation methods presented.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate how safety stock should be dimensioned for ingoing inventory based on factors in manufacturing electronic business with the vehicle industry as customer. - Which factors are important to have in consideration when dimensioning safety stock for ingoing inventory in the electronic to vehicle industry? - Which safety stock method is the most suitable considering identified factors in research question one? Method – To accomplish the purpose of this study and to answer the research questions, a literature study was conducted to form a theoretical framework. As a complement to the literature study a case study was conducted in terms of interviews and document studies. Findings – This study has identified factors that are important to take into consideration when dimensioning safety stocks. Through identified factors the most suitable safety stock method for companies in the electronic to vehicle industry was formed. Implications – Difficulties in this study has been to find relevant information regarding the electronic to vehicle industry. Information was necessary to find to create a trustworthy industry context. Limitations – This study only focus on the electronic to vehicle industry. This means that identified factors and suitable safety stock method are not necessarily applicable to other industries. Keywords – Safety stock calculation, delivery precision, delivery safety.

An important part in the area of logistics, is transportation logistics. In order to be a competitive and profitable industrial company, it requires to have a good strategy over the transportation logistics as this can be crucial of getting the products available in a cost-effective way The thesis work has been carried out at FläktGroup Sweden AB in Jönköping, Sweden which is a company that produces ventilation systems and fans. FläktGroup suspects that the present transportation logistics is not cost-effective and therefore wants to investigate whether there are improvement opportunities in this area. The study aims to contribute with knowledge and development where the current situation is analyzed with the aim of finding cost-effective action proposals for FläktGroup Sweden AB. In order to achieve this goal, three questions were asked: How does the current transportation logistics look like from a cost perspective? What improvement opportunities are there regarding the transportation logistics regarding the current situation? What results can the improvement opportunities generate? The study resulted in two action proposals that generated savings for FläktGroup: Action proposal 1 à reduced transportation costs with 35 % compared to the current situation. Action proposal 2 à reduced transportation costs with 9 % and a more predictable inflow of goods from the five most frequent suppliers compared to the current situation. The later part of the thesis contains a discussion where the action proposals are discussed as well as the study's validity and reliability. The thesis is then concluded with a conclusion and further recommendations for academic writing but also for FläktGroup Sweden AB.

Companies exist because there is a demand for their products and services. Companies need to logistically coordinate all their processes for them to grow and optimize their profits. Logistics is an area in constant development, where the old views become accepted and new ones become focus areas where the direction has gone from being cost-oriented to focusing on change processes, lead times and competitive means. This case study was performed towards a manufacturing company where the work was carried out with an affiliate company in Shanghai, China. The main company has its headquarter and production in Gävle, Sweden. The case study was limited towards the sales department and its impact on inventory control from a cost perspective. The study purpose was to examine how the sales processes affect the inventory control by going through the process from when the first contact being taken with the company to the final product arriving at customer. By mapping the entire process, one can find out the improvement areas and identify what causes long storage times for the company, how the company should work to minimize these times and how the company can work with processes for a more efficient operation. The problem of this study was that the chosen case company had a long storage time ranging from a few days to a few years, which caused high capital ties and costs for the warehouse operations. The empirical data was collected through interviews with employees who works closely with the processes that have been investigated in the study. The observation was conducted in Shanghai, China, where the case company has a warehouse. The observation and the interviews led to the results and empirical data describing how the company currently works with the sales processes and the basis for the problems that they are experiencing today. By comparing the theoretical theory and results, it turns out that the company’s view of how they work with the sales process is different from the reality. The study shows that deficiencies exist in the processes described by the interviews. One part of the problem was the lack of communication within the company. The departments focused on their own tasks and tried to perform good results without seeing the overall picture for the company. By improving the communication within the company, processes around improvements will be easier to implement. The result of the analysis in combination with literature theories led to that improvement measures could be distinguished. The company was recommended to review its processes, warehouses and packaging from a lean perspective in order to streamline and optimize its operations. This is done by constantly working on the communication and process work. For continued research, proposals are made for in-depth research within sales and its processes from a cost perspective. Sales are the part of companies that contribute to profitability, but it also needs to be studied about its impact on costs. The study's theoretical contribution suggests how a process that contributes with profitability also accounts for costs and how these can be improved through continuous process work.

<p>The aim of this report is to analyse the logistics of a medium sized restaurant and give an overall solution for improvements on the restaurant's logistics. The restaurant of interest belongs to Laponia Hotel and is located in Arvidsjaur, Sweden. Investments for over 100.000 Euros are planned for the hotel, which includes a reconstruction of the restaurant. The details on how the restaurant will be reconstructed are not yet known. I therefore chose to analyse the problemin general terms and find a solution that is focused on the logistic system itself rather than its layout. </p><p>In order to find the best system I have chosen to analyse three different logistic models, each representing different levels of logistic systems. The first model, representing the logistics of a small restaurant, is named ´the simple logistic model´ and has a manual system. The second method is called ´the complex logistic model´. This model describes the hotel that is too small to afford a full-scale computer system, and too complex to operate with only a manual system. The last model is'the advanced logistic model'and it is meant to represent the full-scale logistics with all necessary computer aid. </p><p>The models are analysed by the SWOT method and the materials used are found through literature research, interviews and observations. The analyse shows that the best model for Laponia Hotel's restaurant would be the advanced logistic model in combination with the simple logistic model. This would allow the restaurant to use all the benefits of computer aid and large quantities without loosing the small-scale feeling of ownership and responsibility among the employees.</p>

<p>Ericsson’s factory in Kumla, Modules Kumla, became a hub for radio modules and micro base stations, which enables mobile communication through radio base stations, in 2004. Because of this the factory focuses more on the logistics operations. This has led to a need to be able to plan the capacity for the materials handling system. This master thesis has therefore been performed at Modules Kumla to develop a capacity calculation model for the material handling flow during the autumn of 2005. </p><p>The work has contained a mapping of the material handling flow regarding to which activities was performed and how much time they consumed. By using data from the enterprise information system and simple linear regression a capacity calculation model was developed to calculate the amount of staff needed given a specific production and delivery rate.</p>

<p>Sammanfattningen syftar till att ge en övergripande bild om vad arbetet handlar om, för att skapa en nyfikenhet till att läsa hela arbetet.</p><p>Studiens syfte var att analysera alternativa distributionssystem för petroleumprodukter från Gävle Hamn. Där vi har valt två slutdestinationer, norra Stockholmsregionen med Brista som ett alternativ och det andra alternativet är Västerås. De faktorer som vi har utgått från när vi har analyserat distributionssystemen är ekonomiska, miljömässiga och tekniska möjligheter.</p><p>Den metod som användes var kvalitativ och det empiriska materialet inhämtades genom intervjuer. I studien har nio respondenter intervjuats, vi anser att de personerna har varit relevanta för studiens syfte. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning och teorier inom ämnet.</p><p>Resultatet visade att det skulle vara ekonomsikt, miljömässigt och tekniskt möjligt att starta upp petroleumtransporter till norra stockholmsområdet. Till Västerås fann vi inga belägg för att ett alternativ där båten först går till Gävle Hamn för att sedan lastas om till tåg skulle bli billigare eller bättre ur miljösynpunkt. Det fanns även tekniska aspekter som gjorde kapaciteten sämre till Västerås än till norra Stockholm. Därför anser vi att det nuvarande alternativet ska användas till dess att nya förutsättningar börjar gälla.</p>