Dans cette thèse, nous présentons MEMORIA, un modèle de représentation de la mémoire de l’apprenant pour les systèmes tutoriels intelligents et adaptatifs. La contribution principale de ce modèle est une formalisation et une implémentation du modèle de l’apprenant sous forme de mémoires qui stockent les informations perçues par l’apprenant dans un environnement virtuel et les instructions émises par le tuteur. La conception de notre modèle est basée sur les quatre composantes classiques d’un système tutoriel intelligent. Le modèle du domaine est représenté par les connaissances métiers formalisées à l'aide de MASCARET. Afin de rendre naturelles les interactions entre le tuteur et l'apprenant, nous représentons le modèle de l'interface par l'intermédiaire d'un agent conversationnel animé à l'aide de la plate-forme Greta. Le modèle de l'apprenant est constitué de l'ensemble des connaissances acquises par l'apprenant en cours de simulation. Ces connaissances sont organisées dans trois mémoires : la mémoire sensorielle, la mémoire de travail et la mémoire à long terme. Notre enjeu majeur porte sur la formalisation de l'encodage des informations dans ces mémoires, ainsi que le flux de données entre celles-ci. Cette formalisation est basée sur la théorie de la mémoire humaine proposée par Atkinson et Shiffrin et inspirée de l'architecture cognitive ACT-R. Le modèle de tuteur que nous proposons est centré sur la réalisation d'un comportement qui adapte l'exécution du scénario en fonction des connaissances de l'apprenant et de ses interactions avec le tuteur. Une étude expérimentale a été menée pour valider notre modèle. Nous avons comparé deux groupes de participants. Dans le premier groupe, nous avons intégré un tuteur adaptatif utilisant notre modèle, qui adapte l'exécution du scénario pédagogique et dans le second groupe, un tuteur non adaptatif qui réalise un scénario pédagogique figé. Les résultats de cette étude permettent de conclure quant à l'efficacité de notre modèle pour un apprentissage de procédure. / In this thesis, we present MEMORIA, a model of the learner’s memory representation for adaptive and intelligent tutoring systems. The main contribution of this model is a formalization and an implementation of the learner's model using memories that store the information perceived by the learner in a virtual environment and the instructions given by the tutor. The design of our model is based on the four classic components of an intelligent tutorial system.The domain model is represented by the domain knowledge that is formalized using MASCARET. In order to make the interactions between the tutor and the learner natural, we represent the interface model through an embodied conversational agent using GRETA. The learner's model is made of all the knowledge acquired by the learner during the simulation. This knowledge is organized into three memories: sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Our major challenge is to formalize the encoding of information in these memories, as well as the data flow between them.This formalization is based on the theory of human memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin and inspired by the cognitive architecture ACT-R. Our proposed tutor model focuses on the realization of a behavior that adapts the execution of the pedagogical scenario according to the learner's knowledge and the interactions with the tutor. An experimental study was conducted to validate our model. We compared two groups of participants. In the first group, we integrated an adaptive tutor using our model which adapts the execution of the pedagogical scenario and in the second group, a non-adaptive tutor who applied a fixed pedagogical scenario. The results of this study allow us to conclude on the effectiveness of our model for procedural learning.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Katia Martinho Rabelo.pdf: 639755 bytes, checksum: 88fc3f80054f8e7cf5271e208b80ec17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / Tutorial teaching has been adopted in some middle schools in order to foster the full development of students. However, this practice has been scarcely studied and widespread in Brazil. The purpose of the present research is to understand the tutor s activity developed in the final grades of middle school crossing that practice with the wallonian psychogenetics. A document research was developed by collecting references about tutoring in other countries and semi structured interviews were conducted with two tutor teachers who work in two private schools in São Paulo city, in order to identify how they act and how they support the students development. A qualitative analysis of the collected material allowed relating tutoring practice to the wallonian premise, which considers the imbricated relationship among the various dimensions of the individual (affectivity, cognition and motor action) and also the role of school environment as part of the constitution of its participants in a relationship of dependency and mutual transformations. The study also showed that tutor teachers realize that their support to the students in the final grades of middle school, when they are going through cognitive, physical and emotional changes, which are peculiar in the stage of Puberty and Adolescence, qualifies and encourages their learning process. It became evident that this action presupposes teachers collective responsibility and that the coordinating role of the tutors builds a bridge connecting teachers, school staff, students and families in favor of the best academic, emotional, social and integral development of students / Fundamental no sentido de favorecer o pleno desenvolvimento dos alunos. Porém, essa ainda é uma atuação pouco estudada e difundida no Brasil. Esta pesquisa buscou compreender o que seria a atividade de tutoria a ser realizada nos anos finais de Ensino Fundamental entrecruzando essas atuações aos pressupostos da psicogenética walloniana e entender o que seria essa prática segundo a literatura de países como Espanha e México. Para entender o que esses dois países dizem ser a atividade de tutoria, realizou-se um levantamento documental na literatura espanhola e mexicana. O estudo também ouviu, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, dois professores tutores que atuam em duas instituições de ensino particular da cidade de São Paulo para identificar como se dão essas ações e como podem apoiar o desenvolvimento dos alunos. A análise qualitativa do material coletado permitiu relacionar as práticas de tutoria ao pressuposto walloniano que considera a imbricada relação entre as diversas dimensões do indivíduo (conjunto afetividade, cognição e ato motor) e ainda o papel do meio como parte integrante da constituição dos indivíduos que dele fazem parte numa relação de dependência e transformações mútuas. O estudo indicou que os professores tutores reconhecem que o apoio por eles oferecido aos alunos dos anos finais de Ensino Fundamental, no momento em que vivem as transformações cognitivas, físicas e emocionais próprias do estágio da Adolescência e Puberdade, qualifica o processo de aprendizagem e os apoiam sobremaneira. Ficou evidenciado que essa ação pressupõe uma responsabilidade do coletivo dos professores e que o papel articulador do tutor possibilita uma ponte entre docentes, equipe escolar, estudantes e famílias em prol do melhor desenvolvimento acadêmico, emocional, social e integral dos alunos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzete Lourenco Buque.pdf: 1683443 bytes, checksum: 0b1d4d9292c1a0c7c8da4cec2977d394 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-28 / The present dissertation has as its research object the tutorial process in the primary teacher distance education course administered by the Institute for the Improvement of Teachers (IAP), in a case study in the District of Chibuto, Gaza Province. The objective of the research is the analysis of the pedagogical relations established between tutor and course participants, and develop, from the study of this practice, improvements for future courses and pedagogical actions related to EAD (Distance Education). It is also an objective of this dissertation to suggest some innovations in the ways course participants are accompanied. The role of the tutor in accompanying course participants is vital for them not to feel isolated and to obtain good study results. In this research the qualitative approach was adopted and the main focus was on the information provided by the persons involved in the process, such as course participants, tutors and managers. A theoretical framework was chosen which comprises the fundamentals of Distance Education, Teaching- learning Theory and Pedagogy. The results of the research permit me to conclude that the poor interaction observed in the relations between tutors and course participants and between the latter themselves is influenced by various factors, such as: tutorial articulation scheme; tutors profile; course regulations; prescriptive character of the tutor s manual; lack of financial conditions of the course participants. It is my opinion that opting for the use of the computer and internet (using solar panels as the energy source) could contribute to improve these relations, while at the same time reducing the distances the course participants have to travel to get to the Pedagogical Nucleus / O Presente trabalho tem como objecto de estudo o processo de tutoria no curso de formação de professores primários dado pelo Instituto de Aperfeiçoamento de Professores (IAP) num estudo de caso no distrito de Chibuto, província de Gaza. O objectivo da pesquisa é analisar a relação pedagógica que se estabelece entre tutor e cursistas e extrair dessas práticas, melhorias para os futuros cursos e acções pedagógicas ligadas a EAD. É ainda objectivo deste trabalho sugerir algumas inovações no acompanhamento dos cursistas. O papel do tutor no acompanhamento dos cursistas é vital para que estes não se sintam isolados e tenham o melhor resultado em seus estudos. Nesta pesquisa foi adoptada a abordagem qualitativa, dando-se muita importância às informações trazidas pelos intervenientes no processo, como os cursistas, tutores e gestores. Optou-se por um quadro teórico que abarca fundamentos de EAD, Didáctica e Pedagogia. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram-me concluir que a fraca interacção que se verifica na relação entre tutores e cursistas e cursistas entre si é influenciada por vários factores como: esquema montado para a articulação da tutoria, perfil dos tutores, regulamento do curso, carácter prescritivo do manual do tutor e condições financeiras dos cursistas. Julga-se que a opção pelo uso do computador ligado a internet (recorrendo a painéis solares como fonte de energia eléctrica) pode contribuir para melhorar essa relação e ao mesmo tempo diminuir as distâncias que os cursistas percorrem para chegar ao núcleo Pedagógico

Cette thèse vise à analyser l’interaction des procédés d’enseignement et d’appropriation dans un univers didactique multipolaire [le tuteur, les aides en ligne, les conduites d’auto-apprentissage, etc.], afin de déterminer à quelles conditions l’utilisation d’un environnement mixte rend possible la mise en oeuvre d’expériences d’apprentissage potentiellement favorables à l’acquisition de l’anglais langue étrangère auprès d’un public LANSAD en milieu universitaire. L’ouverture de cette thèse est consacrée à l’apprenant. Etant donné que la mise en place d’un dispositif pédagogique donné revient à mettre à la disposition de ce dernier des outils visant potentiellement à le conduire vers une progression qualitative et quantitative en L-C 2, celui-ci y occupe une place centrale en tant qu’utilisateur. La deuxième partie vise à mettre en évidence comment les logiques de la DLC et de la RAL peuvent être conciliées pour transformer les diverses implications et pédagogiques tirées de la première partie en outils didactiques susceptibles d’influer positivement sur les mécanismes acquisitionnels des apprenants. Ces considérations sont réinvesties dans le cadre de la troisième partie, afin d’étudier à quelle[s] condition[s] un dispositif permettant a priori aux apprenants [ou d’élaborer à leur intention] des tâches [macrotâches] qui répliquent ou simulent les pratiques sociales observées et qui servent d’objectifs aux apprenants ou à l’institution [Demaizière et Narcy-Combes, 2005] peut être mis en place. Enfin, les pratiques apprenantes au sein du dispositif élaboré sont analysées à la lumière des conclusions tirées dans nos trois premières parties. / The perspective of this dissertation is to analyze how the teaching and learning processes are interacting in a multipolar environment [tutor, online help, learning strategies] in order to shed light on the conditions to which a numerical environment is liable to promote English as a foreign language and culture [hereinafter L-C 2] acquisition amongst ESP learners at university level. The first part of the dissertation deals with the learner. If the implementation of a pedagogical environment aims at providing him - her with tools enabling both a potential qualitative and quantitative progression in L-C 2, the learner indeed plays a central role within it, as a user. In order to achieve this objective, a reflection on the L-C 2 learning processes is necessary to take them into account, as far as possible, in the setting up of a pedagogical environment. The second part looks at how the considerations of SLA, second language learning and teaching and the pedagogical implications drawn from the first part can be linked up and turned into tailor-made tools liable to impact positively on the learners’ SLA processes. The third part is about pedagogical engineering with a particular emphasis on how both the pedagogical implications drawn from the first two parts and the various parameters inherent to a pedagogical setting can be taken into account to implement an L-C 2 blended learning environment. Eventually, action research is presented. This part aims at providing an analysis of the learning practices and of the multipolar interaction taking place within a blended environment and at assessing its potential in terms of SLA.

Problema de investigación El tema objeto de la presente investigación se centra en el análisis del funcionamiento del módulo de FCT (Formación en Centros de Trabajo) en los Ciclos Formativos, tanto de Grado Medio como de Grado Superior, relacionados con las Familias Profesionales técnico-industriales, pertenecientes a la nueva FP (Formación Profesional) específica de la Ley Orgánica General del Sistema Educativo (LOGSE) de 1990, que se está llevando a cabo en los institutos públicos y concertados de la provincia de Zaragoza. En este sentido, se pretende conocer y comprobar el funcionamiento de dicho módulo, necesario para la obtención del título correspondiente, mediante la percepción que tienen los tres agentes directamente implicados: alumnos, profesores y tutores de empresa.Muestra y método de muestreoLos datos concretos sobre la población de referencia que se han utilizado para el muestreo han sido tomados de los datos reales facilitados por la inspección del Servicio Provincial del Departamento de Educación y Ciencia de Zaragoza, en soporte informático, a finales del año 2000. Como la investigación sólo se va a centrar en las Familias Profesionales técnico-industriales, las distintas poblaciones quedaron formadas por: 930 alumnos, 70 profesores y 279 tutores de empresa. Definidas las poblaciones de estudio, el siguiente paso consiste en establecer las diferentes muestras. Éstas se han seleccionado empleando un muestreo polietápico (combinación de diversos métodos), no probabilístico por cuotas con afijación proporcional. Se decide establecer tantos estratos o cuotas como variables diferenciales para la selección de las muestras. Como primera de ellas se considera la Ubicación del Centro formativo, Zaragoza o municipios. En el segundo caso, se tiene en cuenta como variable la Titularidad del Centro, escuela pública o privada concertada. En el tercer y último caso, se establece la diferencia de Niveles Formativos, el de Grado Medio y el de Grado Superior. El investigador distribuyó 800 cuestionarios (400 de alumnos, 100 de profesores y 300 de tutores de empresa), de los cuales se perdieron entre un 10 y un 20% una vez depurados los datos, con lo que finalmente los cuestionarios útiles que constituyeron la muestra de investigación fueron 495 (289 de alumnos, 61 de profesores y 145 de tutores de empresa). Una vez seleccionadas las cuotas se escogen los centros de enseñanza secundaria por asignación del investigador. La muestra total ascendió a 20 centros, 15 de titularidad pública y 5 de la privada concertada.Metodología de trabajo Interesa detectar las opiniones y percepciones en relación al desarrollo de los convenios de prácticas en empresas del módulo de FCT de Familias Profesionales técnico-industriales en el ámbito provincial de Zaragoza. Pero, además, se quiere profundizar en el conocimiento del funcionamiento real de dicho módulo. Para ello, se intentarán combinar los dos grandes estilos de la investigación social y pedagógica, a saber, el cuantitativo y el cualitativo. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva (basada en datos cuantitativos y cualitativos), no sólo limitada a observar y descubrir fenómenos y situaciones que permitan comprender e interpretar lo que realmente se está haciendo, sino a proponer las propuestas oportunas para su mejora. Por ello, además del cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de datos, se realizarán entrevistas (no estructuradas), que serán volcadas en notas de campo para recabar información directa de los propios profesores, tutores de empresa y alumnos. El registro y contraste de las observaciones realizadas por el investigador servirán, a su vez, para reforzar la credibilidad de la investigación.Técnicas de análisis Se han valorado los cuestionarios, las entrevistas y la observación como los instrumentos más eficaces y operativos para obtener la información necesaria que permita dar respuesta a las intenciones planteadas para este trabajo de investigación.Los cuestionarios empleados han sido de tres tipos, de acuerdo a los destinatarios de los mismos: alumnos, profesores tutores de FCT y tutores de empresa. Esta variedad de cuestionarios corresponde a la necesidad de triangular la información obtenida, y se han preparado para facilitar su posterior tratamiento informático con el programa SPSS v.10.0. Dadas las características del principal instrumento utilizado, se ha recurrido al método Alfa de Cronbach para considerar la consistencia interna del cuestionario. El resultado obtenido permitió asegurar una fiabilidad aceptable, pues en todos los casos el coeficiente de fiabilidad fue superior a 0,80. Verificada la fiabilidad a través del procedimiento estadístico ya indicado, la validación ha sido realizada por la revisión crítica de jueces (validez de contenido) sobre la idoneidad, pertinencia y valía de los instrumentos empleados para el objeto de estudio. También se realizaron registros de entrevistas no estructuradas en un cuaderno de campo, sin cuestionario previo y en situaciones informales, a los distintos sujetos implicados. Paralelamente se empleó la técnica de la observación. Entre las técnicas de análisis principales que se emplearon, destacan las siguientes:- Depuración y análisis preliminar de los datos previamente codificados, a través de estadísticos descriptivos, con el objeto de evitar y corregir errores en los análisis específicos posteriores.- Estudio estadístico descriptivo de las variables empleadas para caracterizar las muestras de los colectivos participantes en la investigación, así como para comparar posibles diferencias entre centros públicos y concertados. Para dicho análisis se cuenta con las tablas de contingencia y chi-cuadrado.- Análisis de diferencias entre variables empleadas para la comparación y descripción de la formación desarrollada. Se cuenta en este caso con el contraste de medias (empleando como estadístico la t de Student, previa prueba de Levene para la igualdad de varianzas), las desviaciones típicas y algunas correlaciones específicas.- Clasificación de las respuestas proporcionadas por el registro de entrevistas informales, intentando llevar a cabo un proceso analítico riguroso (con ayuda de Excel) que permita codificar unas categorías que puedan ser comparadas entre sí, a fin de clarificar aquellos aspectos que en los cuestionarios se muestran poco estables, dudosos o contradictorios.Conclusiones finalesAunque siempre habrá cosas a mejorar para preparar de manera más adecuada a los alumnos de FP de especialidades técnico-industriales, como aspectos de cierta relevancia en la presente investigación merecen destacarse los siguientes:- La valoración realizada por los diferentes informantes implicados sobre el desarrollo de prácticas del módulo de FCT es positiva.- La duración del periodo de prácticas de FCT se considera, en general, suficiente.- La información que tienen los alumnos, profesores y tutores de empresa sobre el módulo de prácticas de FCT es suficiente.- La metodología didáctica empleada y el procedimiento de evaluación del módulo de FCT parece ser el adecuado.- El programa formativo de FCT se cumple según alumnos, profesores y tutores de empresa (aunque pueda haber desviaciones en algunos casos).- El grado de participación de los alumnos y tutores de empresa en la elaboración del programa formativo de prácticas de FCT es bastante escaso o casi nulo.- La escasa implicación de los agentes sociales (sindicatos y Cámara de Comercio e Industria) en los módulos de prácticas de FCT, según la opinión de los profesores y tutores de empresa.- Prácticamente todos los informantes consideran recomendable una experiencia como la desarrollada con este módulo de FCT, ya que ofrece más posibilidades laborales a su finalización.Líneas de investigación futuraExisten, pues, a partir del trabajo efectuado, líneas abiertas para posibles investigaciones futuras. A continuación se proponen algunas de ellas:- Investigación de las características de la oferta de empleo y las diferentes necesidades de Formación Profesional Específica (FPE) en el sector industrial, y también en otros sectores.- Analizar el cumplimiento del "Pacto por la Educación" en Aragón, cuyas actuaciones finalizan en el año 2006, en lo que hace referencia a la FP.- Estudio sobre la colaboración escuela-empresa para la actualización tecnológica y sociolaboral del profesorado de FP.- Realizar un estudio comparativo sobre la FCT desarrollada en nuestro país con la equivalente que se lleva a cabo en los países de la UE.- Investigar las relaciones que se establecen con el módulo de FCT entre alumnos y profesores, alumnos y tutores de empresa y/o profesores con tutores de empresa.- Análisis longitudinal de los alumnos que se incorporan al mercado de trabajo, una vez finalizado el módulo de FCT. - Estudiar a fondo la implicación de los profesores de FOL (Formación y Orientación Laboral) en la FCT actualmente.- Elaboración de un "Plan estratégico" para la mejora de la FCT, considerando los resultados y conclusiones aportados en la presente tesis doctoral.- Investigar la importancia de las competencias profesionales, valores y actitudes de los alumnos en el desarrollo del módulo de FCT.Es de esperar que algunas acciones de investigación futura, como las indicadas, puedan ser abordadas a corto y medio plazo. / Subject of the researchThe research is focused on the analysis of the performance of the FCT module (Training at Workplaces) in Training Cycles, both Middle Degree and Upper Degree, related to Technical-Industrial Professional Families, belonging to the new specific FP (Vocational Training) of the General Organic Law of the Educational System (LOGSE) of 1990, which is being established in state and private schools (sustained with public funds) in the province of Zaragoza.In this sense, we expect to know and to verify the performance of the module mentioned above, necessary to obtain the corresponding qualification, through the perception of the three agents directly involved: pupils, teachers and tutors at the enterprise.Sample and method of samplingThe specific data on the population of reference that have been used for the sampling have been taken from the real data provided by the inspectors of the Provincial Service of the Departament of Education and Science of Zaragoza, in data processing backup, at the end of the year 2000.As the investigation is only going to be focused on the Technical-Industrial Professional Families, the different populations were formed by: 930 pupils, 70 teachers and 279 tutors at the enterprise.After defining the populations of the study, the following step consists of establishing the different samples. These have been selected by employing a multistage sampling (combination of different methods), non-probability by quotas with proportional-affix. It has been decided to establish as many stratus or quotas as differencial variables for the selection of the samples. To start with, it is considered the location of the school: Zaragoza or its municipalities. In the second case, it is taken into account the character of the school: if it is a state or a private school. In the third and last case, the difference of Training Levels is established: Middle Degree and Upper Degree. The researcher distributed 800 questionnaires (400 for pupils, 100 for teachers and 300 for tutors at the enterprise), of which between 10 and 20% were lost once the data were debugged, so finally the useful questionnaires that constituted the sample of research were 495 (289 from pupils, 61 from teachers and 145 from tutors at the enterprise). After the quotas were chosen the secondary schools were assigned by the researcher. The total sample went up to 20 schools, 15 of state ownership and 5 sustained with public funds (though private).Methodology of workIt is interesting to consider the opinions and perceptions in relation with the development of the agreements of practices in enterprises of the FCT Professional module of Families Technical-Industrial Families in the provincial scope of Zaragoza. But, besides, we want to go further into the knowledge of the real functioning of the module. In order to do that we will try to combine the two main styles of pedagogical and social research, that is, the quantitative one and the qualitative one.It is a matter of a descriptive research (based on qualitative and quantitative data), not only limited to observe and discover phenomena and situations that permit us to understand and to interpret what is really being done, but to offer proposals for its improvement. In that sense, besides the questionnaire as an instrument of collecting data, interviews will be carried out (non structured), which will become field notes to obtain direct information from the teachers, tutors at the enterprise and pupils. The recording and contrasting of the observations carried out by the researcher will serve, at the same time, to reinforce the credibility of the research.Techniques of analysisThe questionnaires, the interviews and observation have been considered the most efficient instruments to obtain the necessary information that allows us to give an answer to the intentions of this research.The questionnaires used have been of three types according to the recipients: pupils, teachers-tutors of FCT and tutors at the enterprise. This variety of the questionnaires corresponds to the need of having three aspects of the information obtained (data triangulation), and they have been prepared to facilitate their subsequent data processing with the program SPSS v. 10.0. Considering the characteristics of the main instrument utilized, we have determined to use the method Alpha of Cronbach to consider the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The result obtained permitted us to assure an acceptable reliability, since in all the cases the coefficient of reliability went over 0,80. After verifying the reliability through the statistical procedure already indicated, the validation has been carried out with the critical revision by judges (content validity) on the suitability, relevance and value of the instruments employed for the subject of the study.Non structured interviews were carried out in a field notebook, too, without prior questionnaire and in informal situations, with the different subjects involved. The technique of observation was employed as well.The following techniques of analysis were employed among others:- Depuration and preliminary analysis of the data previously codified, through descriptive statistics, with the purpose to avoiding and correcting mistakes in the subsequent specific analyses.- Descriptive statistical study of the variables used to characterize the samples of the groups participating in the research, as well as to compare possible differences between state and subsidized schools. For that analysis, contingency tables and chi-square are used.- Analysis of differences among variables employed for the comparison and description of the training that was carried out. In this case the contrast of means (employing as statistics the Student's t-test, after to Levene test for the equality of variances), the standard deviations and some specific correlations will be used.- Classification of the answers provided by the informal interviews in an attempt to carry out a rigorous analytical process (with the help of Excel) that allows to codify some categories that can be compared among themselves, in order to clarify those aspects that are shown as little stable, doubtful or contradictory in the questionnaires.Final conclusionsAlthough there will always be aspects that can be improved in the training of pupils from Technical-Indusrial specialities in Vocational Studies (FP), this research has found the following ones specially relevant:- The evaluation carried out by the different informants involved in the development of practices of the FCT module is positive.- The length of the period of practices is considered, in general, sufficient.- The information that pupils, teachers and tutors at the enterprise have about the module of practices of FCT is sufficient.- The didactic methodology employed and the procedure of evaluation of the FCT module seem to be adequate.- The training programme of FCT is completed according to the pupils, teachers and tutors at the enterprise (although there may be deviations in some cases).- The degree of participation of the pupils and tutors at the enterprise in the elaboration of the training programme of practices of FCT is rather scarce or almost null.- The scarce implication of the social agents (trade unions and The Chamber of Commerce and Industry) in the modules of practices of FCT, according to the opinions of teachers and tutors at the enterprise.- Practically all the informants consider an experience like the one developed with this FCT module advisable, since it offers more possibilities in the work field when it is finished.Future lines of researchAs we can gather from all the information obtained, there are still open lines for future researchs. Some of them are proposed bellow:- Research of the characteristics of the job offer and the different needs for Specific Professional Training (FPE) in the industrial and other sectors.- Analysis of the observance of the "Pact for the Education" in Aragón, whose actions will finish in the year 2006, as far as FP is concerned.- Study of the cooperation school-enterprise for the technological and socio-technical updating of the FP teachers.- A comparative study between the FCT developed in our country and the equivalent one that is carries out in the countries of the EU.- Investigation of the relationships that are stablished among the pupils and the teachers, the pupils and the tutors at the enterprise, and/or the teachers with the tutors at the enterprise within the FCT module.- Longitudinal analysis of the pupils that are incorporated to the labor market, once the FCT module is finished.- Study in depth the implication of the FOL (Training and Labor Orientation) teachers in the FCT at present.- Elaboration of a strategic plan for the improvement of the FCT, considering the results and conclusions offered by this doctoral thesis.- Research into the importance of the professional competences, values and attitudes of the pupils in the development of the FCT module.It is to be expected that some further actions of research, such as those indicated, can be undertaken in the near future.

When comparing numerous educational advantages of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with the slow integration of GIS practice within education globally, results are confounding. This paradoxical development is also found within South Africa. In fact, GIS has been included in the Further Education and Training (FET) phase by the Department of Basic Education (DoBE) since 2006. However, following the same global trend, curriculum development in South Africa has outpaced educational GIS software research. In addition, the e-learning White paper of SA also urges software development. Barriers hindering GIS practice include the lack of suitable curriculum-aligned GIS software within the South African digital divide context. A need therefore exists for further research regarding educational GIS practice applications within South Africa. Bearing this in mind, a case study was done investigating the viability of an educationally orientated Interactive-GIS-Tutor (I-GIS-T) application within FET phase in Geography. The study was conducted with the grade 11 Geography learners of a secondary school in a rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, as well as with their Geography teacher and two other Geography teachers of the same school. These three teachers have different ICT/GIS abilities and years of teaching experience. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify the main GIS educational barriers, globally and locally, as well as to investigate the viability of the I-GIS-T in relation to these identified barriers. The strategy followed was a case study evaluation, with a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis, supported by quantitative data, since this was most suited to the research questions and context. Pragmatism was therefore the underpinning philosophy within this case study. One-on-one semi-structured teacher interviews were conducted to identify the main barriers of GIS education within the FET phases. Data collection by means of questionnaires, individual interviews, focus group interviews, video recordings and field notes provided a thick description regarding the viability of the I-GIS-T within the natural class setting. ATLAS.tiTM and SPSS software were utilised with analysis of qualitative and supportive quantitative data. Attitudinal tests provided supportive quantitative data. Findings indicated that main GIS practice barriers, globally as well as in the school of study, were the lack of preparation time, a full curriculum, lack of GIS support, complex educational GIS software and the teacher‟s lack of ICT skills. The grade 11 Geography teacher and most of the learners evaluated the I-GIS-T as workable. The I-GIS-T also surmounted the main GIS practice barriers. Furthermore, GIS attitudinal tests revealed an overall positive shift on all the attitudinal questions. The combination of lack of basic computer skills and language (where English is not the mother tongue) were the main reasons why some learners suggested that they struggled with the software. Future I-GIS-T development recommended incorporation of a multi-language choice component, as well as exploratory activities. Within this case study, learners who have mastered basic computer skills found the I-GIS-T effective and workable and therefore a viable GIS software application option within the FET phase Geography. In order to be able to generalise statistically, further quantitative research is suggested. In fact, future quantitative research, employing SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) within the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) might prove the I-GIS-T to be a viable option within FET schools throughout SA, as well as in other developing countries. / Thesis (MEd (Curriculum Development))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

When comparing numerous educational advantages of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with the slow integration of GIS practice within education globally, results are confounding. This paradoxical development is also found within South Africa. In fact, GIS has been included in the Further Education and Training (FET) phase by the Department of Basic Education (DoBE) since 2006. However, following the same global trend, curriculum development in South Africa has outpaced educational GIS software research. In addition, the e-learning White paper of SA also urges software development. Barriers hindering GIS practice include the lack of suitable curriculum-aligned GIS software within the South African digital divide context. A need therefore exists for further research regarding educational GIS practice applications within South Africa. Bearing this in mind, a case study was done investigating the viability of an educationally orientated Interactive-GIS-Tutor (I-GIS-T) application within FET phase in Geography. The study was conducted with the grade 11 Geography learners of a secondary school in a rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, as well as with their Geography teacher and two other Geography teachers of the same school. These three teachers have different ICT/GIS abilities and years of teaching experience. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify the main GIS educational barriers, globally and locally, as well as to investigate the viability of the I-GIS-T in relation to these identified barriers. The strategy followed was a case study evaluation, with a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis, supported by quantitative data, since this was most suited to the research questions and context. Pragmatism was therefore the underpinning philosophy within this case study. One-on-one semi-structured teacher interviews were conducted to identify the main barriers of GIS education within the FET phases. Data collection by means of questionnaires, individual interviews, focus group interviews, video recordings and field notes provided a thick description regarding the viability of the I-GIS-T within the natural class setting. ATLAS.tiTM and SPSS software were utilised with analysis of qualitative and supportive quantitative data. Attitudinal tests provided supportive quantitative data. Findings indicated that main GIS practice barriers, globally as well as in the school of study, were the lack of preparation time, a full curriculum, lack of GIS support, complex educational GIS software and the teacher‟s lack of ICT skills. The grade 11 Geography teacher and most of the learners evaluated the I-GIS-T as workable. The I-GIS-T also surmounted the main GIS practice barriers. Furthermore, GIS attitudinal tests revealed an overall positive shift on all the attitudinal questions. The combination of lack of basic computer skills and language (where English is not the mother tongue) were the main reasons why some learners suggested that they struggled with the software. Future I-GIS-T development recommended incorporation of a multi-language choice component, as well as exploratory activities. Within this case study, learners who have mastered basic computer skills found the I-GIS-T effective and workable and therefore a viable GIS software application option within the FET phase Geography. In order to be able to generalise statistically, further quantitative research is suggested. In fact, future quantitative research, employing SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) within the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) might prove the I-GIS-T to be a viable option within FET schools throughout SA, as well as in other developing countries. / Thesis (MEd (Curriculum Development))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

This thesis focuses on students´ activities related to social participation in leisure time and information sources where they get information about courses of events in society. These activities are associated with residence in two chosen boarding houses Boarding house belonging to grammar school, secondary school of economics and secondary training school in Kaplice and boarding house and school canteen in Holečkova street in České Budějovice. This thesis includes tutors´ opinions on students´ social involvement in their leisure time. Theoretical part of this thesis defines youth in current society, characterizes students´ leisure time culture, their attitude to social participation and it also describes the impact of value orientation on development of both their personality and environment. This part also describes youth´s lifestyle in information society and there are described basic characteristics of boarding houses, tutor´s personality and his part within the process of youth´s participation in society. The last chapter of theoretical part introduces chosen education approaches based on training leading to youth´s participation and there is stated their influence on individual lifelong and social impact. Experimental part defines research task, research questions and defines hypothesis. It is followed by question-forms assessment that were filled in by students and tutors and assessment of defined hypothesis. There are discussed results of the research in the end of this thesis.

A presente Tese de Doutorado investiga as relações entre a filosofia, a partir dos conceitos de cuidado de si e de diálogo e os processos de educação a distância. Incide sobre as relações estabelecidas entre tutor e aluno, na perspectiva pragmática de um renovado agente pedagógico no ambiente virtual: o diálogo orientado pelo cuidado de si. Normativamente a pesquisa percorreu a tradição filosófica, dos diálogos platônicos até a hermenêutica do sujeito, passando pelas contribuições da fenomenologia hermenêutica e pelos estudos de equipes de pesquisadores do Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts. A partir daí reflete metodologicamente sobre a possibilidade do estabelecimento de um diálogo orientado pelo cuidado de si, na relação entre tutor e aluno, em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Busca assim, compreender esse fenômeno, cujo epicentro encontra-se no digital, no circuito das interações entre tutor e aluno, revisitando as características da relação entre o mestre Sócrates e o discípulo Alcibíades, a partir de uma pragmática hermenêutica do sujeito. Examina pois a posição do mestre, ocupado com o cuidado de si, quando trabalhando com seu discípulo. Objetiva então a análise da relação dialógica entre tutor e aluno em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, pautada por elementos ontológico-estruturais: a identificação das interações verbais entre tutor e aluno; a análise dos tipos de interações ocorridas e dos tipos de interações dialógicas ocorridas; e a delimitação dos momentos nos quais o processo de troca foi ou não conduzido pelo cuidado de si. O estudo se organiza igualmente pelo estudo de caso no Curso de Graduação em Pedagogia- Licenciatura na modalidade a distância (PEAD/UFRGS) e, além de se pautar pela hermenêutica filosófica, recorreu à construção do referencial teórico para a análise dos dados, ao software de Classificação Hierárquica Implicativa e Coesiva (CHIC). A pesquisa concluiu que a tarefa do mestre nos processos da educação a distância exige que, antes de chegar a tal posição, ele próprio tenha percorrido o seu caminho quanto ao cuidado de si, enquanto formação plena do sujeito humano. Assim, pensa e postula o diálogo como um dos modos possíveis para a aprendizagem dado que nele encontramos a vivacidade possível na oralidade e, portanto, a manifestação do logos partilhado pelos sujeitos enlaçados no diálogo. Finaliza com a ideia de que o reconhecimento dos sujeitos na ágora digital pode contribuir para a educação visto que ao percorrer seus caminhos colaborativos e participativos, alargam-se seus horizontes de compreensão. Mostra então que o exercício de compartilhar, a disposição para o empreendimento de novas e renovadas buscas, contribuem para a formação acadêmica e para o reconhecimento de que a formação do sujeito pressupõe uma dimensão coletiva, colaborativa, participativa e, dialógica. / This Doctoral thesis seeks to address relationships between philosophy, beginning with the concepts of the care of the self and dialogue as well as distance learning processes. These affect relationships established between tutor and student in the pragmatic perspective of a reformed agent of the virtual environment: dialogues guided by the care of the self. In terms of norms, this research deals with philosophical tradition, platonic dialogues, and reaches the hermeneutics of the subject, embodying the contributions of hermeneutic phenomenology and studies by research teams at MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Furthermore, it reflects methodologically on the possibility of a dialogue established and guided by the care of the self, in the relationship tutor and student in virtual learning environments. Thus, the aim of this work is to provide understanding of this phenomenon which core is within the concept of digital, in the scenario established between tutor and student interactions, revisiting the characteristics of the relationship in place between master Socrates and disciple Alcibiades, based on a pragmatic hermeneutic of the subject. The role a master is hereby analyzed, bearing in mind the care of the self when working with a disciple. Therefore, the focus is to provide a dialogic analysis of the relationship between tutor and student conducted as per ontological-structural elements: the identification of verbal interactions between tutor and student; the analysis of the existing types of interaction; and the isolation of moments when the exchange process was not based on the care of the self. This study is also organized based on the case study of the Undergraduate Course in Pedagogy– distance learning Teaching Diploma (PEAD/UFRGS) and, besides being based on philosophical hermeneutic, has structured a theoretical referential for data analysis with the help of CHIC – Cohesive Hierarchical Implicative Classification. This research has reached the conclusion that the role of a master in distance learning requires that, prior to achieving such position, him/herself must be familiarized with such pathway concerning the care of the self. All in all, it shall reflect on and postulate the dialogue as one of the possible ways towards learning considering that within it we find the necessary vivacity in the oral expression and, as a result of that, the manifestation of Logos shared by the individual parties that compose a dialogue. This is closed with the idea that the recognition of the subjects in the digital agora may contribute towards education while paving such collaborative and participative pathways, allowing for the widening of the horizons of understanding. This intends to show that the exercise of sharing, the disposition for new and renewed quests which plays a role in the academic education and in recognizing that the formation of the individual embodies the establishment of a collective, collaborative and dialogic dialogue.

This work presents an interactive environment for learning about fractions, with mechanisms to support cooperative and adaptive interactions offered by tutors agents to human learners, focusing mainly on activities to solve problems. For this purpose, an architecture based on software agents and semantic Web services was proposed, therefore, we verify the functional viability of the proposal and, posteriorly, to present a revision of that architecture to suply some requirements not previously covered, beyond models that support to those interactions. With respect to interactions, the learner will receive support from both a pedagogical agent tutor, as some of their peers who are part of the environment. Particularly, a tutor agent has an open learner model, from which it obtains information to guide their actions. The idea of this model be opened is to allow the learner seeing the evaluation that the system has about him, and also the opportunity to disagree with this assessment, and thus contribute to the refinement of the content of such a model / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Este trabalho apresenta um ambiente interativo de aprendizagem sobre Frações, dotado de mecanismos de suporte a interações cooperativas e adaptativas oferecidas por seus agentes tutores aos aprendizes humanos, focando principalmente em atividades de resolução de problemas. Para isso, propõe-se uma arquitetura baseada em agentes de software e serviços Web semânticos, daí, pôde-se verificar a viabilidade funcional da proposta e, posteriormente, apresentar uma revisão de tal arquitetura para suprir alguns requisitos anteriormente não visados, além de modelos que dão suporte às referidas interações. No que diz respeito às interações, o aprendiz receberá suporte pedagógico tanto de um agente tutor, quanto de algum de seus pares que fazem parte do ambiente. Particularmente, um agente tutor conta com um modelo aberto do aprendiz, a partir do qual passa a dispor de informações úteis para orientar suas ações. A idéia deste modelo ser aberto é a de permitir que o aprendiz possa ver qual a avaliação que o sistema tem a seu respeito, tendo ainda a oportunidade de discordar de tal avaliação, e assim contribuir para o refinamento do conteúdo de tal modelo. Palavras-chave: Modelagem Aberta do Aprendiz; Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes; Sistemas Multi-agentes