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Analysis of the cost effectiveness of alternative policies and technologies to manage water extractions by the oil sands sector along the lower Athabasca RiverMannix, Amy Elinor Unknown Date
No description available.
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Analysis of the cost effectiveness of alternative policies and technologies to manage water extractions by the oil sands sector along the lower Athabasca RiverMannix, Amy Elinor 11 1900 (has links)
The Lower Athabasca Water Management Framework limits water extractions by the oil sands industry near Fort McMurray, Alberta. To increase water-use efficiency and minimise the cost of water restrictions, several policy and technology options were developed and assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Selected options were the policies of water trade and pricing with refund, and the technologies of storage, and consolidated tailings and increased recycling. Options were designed based on year 2020 demand and assessed relative to prior allocation. Using linear programming and static optimisation, it is shown that an off-stream storage sized to avoid water restrictions, in combination with efficient water allocation (e.g. water trade), is most cost-effective, although provides no ongoing incentive to increase water-use efficiency. Only the policy options provide equal incentives across firms to increase efficiency. To achieve both objectives of increased water-use efficiency and minimised costs, a combined policy and technology approach is recommended. / Agricultural and Resource Economics
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Συγκριτική μελέτη των διαφορετικών μεθόδων και τεχνολογιών για την παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειαςΠασχαλίδου, Πασχαλίνα 28 September 2010 (has links)
Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση των κυριότερων μεθόδων παραγωγής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας και η ανάλυση όλων των οικονομικών παραμέτρων ώστε να επιτύχουμε τη σχεδίαση του βέλτιστου συστήματος.
Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μία παρουσίαση των κυριότερων μονάδων παραγωγής ενέργειας. Αναφέρονται οι αρχές λειτουργίας και το κύκλωμα πάνω στην οποία βασίζεται ο κάθε σταθμός, ο βαθμός απόδοσης του κάθε συστήματος και τα πλεονεκτήματα και μειονεκτήματα αυτών. Αρχικά παρουσιάζονται οι ατμοηλεκτρικές, οι αεριοστροβιλικές και οι συνδυασμένου κύκλου συμβατικές μονάδες. Εξηγείται ο θερμοδυναμικός κύκλος λειτουργίας του Rankine πάνω στον οποίο βασίζεται η λειτουργία τους και οι προϋποθέσεις βέλτιστης λειτουργίας. Περιγράφεται ο κύκλος λειτουργίας και οι μετατροπές ενέργειας που πραγματοποιούνται στους στροβίλους και τα πρόσθετα μηχανήματα. Στην συνέχεια γίνεται αναφορά στους υδροηλεκτρικούς σταθμούς ροής ποταμού και αποθήκευσης ενέργειας. Εξηγείται η μελέτη για την δημιουργία ενός τέτοιου σταθμού, αναλύονται οι υποδομές και οι κτιριακές εγκαταστάσεις που απαιτούνται. Κατόπιν, περιγράφονται οι πυρηνικοί σταθμοί. Αναλύεται η πυρηνική σχάση, παρουσιάζεται ο πυρηνικός αντιδραστήρας και τα είδη του.
Εν συνέχεια, επισημαίνονται οι ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας. Για τα αιολικά συστήματα μελετάται η εγκατάστασή τους και τα κύρια χαρακτηριστικά τους. Αναφέρεται η δομή της ανεμογεννήτριας, η αρχή λειτουργίας και τα διάφορα είδη ανεμογεννητριών και αιολικών πάρκων που βρίσκουν εφαρμογή σήμερα. Για τα φωτοβολταϊκά συστήματα, περιγράφεται η βασική αρχή λειτουργίας τους, το φωτοβολταϊκό φαινόμενο καθώς και η δομή του συστήματος. Αναλύονται τα συστήματα επίπεδων και συγκεντρωτικών πλαισίων που υπάρχουν και οι διάφορες συσκευές που απαρτίζουν το φωτοβολταϊκό σύστημα. Επίσης, περιγράφονται τα συστήματα που είναι συνδεδεμένα στο δίκτυο, καθώς και τα απομονωμένα. Κλείνοντας το κεφάλαιο, αναφέρονται τα γεωθερμικά συστήματα, οι κυψέλες καυσίμου και τα συστήματα παραγωγής ηλεκτρισμού από ενέργεια βιομάζας και παλιρροϊκής.
Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται οι πηγές ενέργειας και συγκεκριμένα τα ορυκτά καύσιμα. Γίνεται μία κατηγοριοποίηση σύμφωνα με τον ενεργειακό πόρο, εξετάζοντας τα αποθέματα, τη ζήτηση και την παραγωγή τους. Δίνονται πληροφορίες για το πετρέλαιο, το φυσικό αέριο, τον άνθρακα και τα πυρηνικά καύσιμα. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίνεται στον λιγνίτη, λόγω των αποθεμάτων που υπάρχουν στην χώρα μας, και παρατίθεται μία ανάλυση ενός λιγνιτικού θερμοηλεκτρικού συστήματος.
Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται ο τρόπος σχεδιασμού ενός βέλτιστου συστήματος. Για την παραγωγή του βέλτιστου συστήματος πρέπει να ληφθούν υπόψη πολλοί παράμετροι που περιλαμβάνουν την πηγή ενέργειας, τον τύπου του ενεργειακού συστήματος, την εκτίμηση του κόστους παραγωγής και των εγκαταστάσεων καθώς και την επιλογή τοποθεσίας. Αυτές οι αποφάσεις βασίζονται σε έναν αριθμό από τεχνικούς, οικονομικούς και περιβαλλοντικούς παράγοντες που είναι σε μεγάλο βαθμό άσχετοι μεταξύ τους. Αναφέρονται οι μέθοδοι υπολογισμού του κόστους συντήρησης και λειτουργίας ενός ενεργειακού συστήματος. Γενικά ως συμπέρασμα δεν μπορούμε να καταλήξουμε σε έναν κανόνα, γιατί η βέλτιστη λύση είναι απόρροια αναγκών, προτεραιοτήτων και παραμέτρων που προκύπτουν σε κάθε περίπτωση
Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο αναπτύσσεται μία μελέτη οικονομικής φύσεως. Για μια ενεργειακή επένδυση είναι απαραίτητη μία ανάλυση δαπανών του κύκλου ζωής της. Μέσω της ανάλυσης αυτής αξιολογούνται οι συνολικές κύριες και λειτουργικές δαπάνες, λαμβάνεται υπόψη η «χρονική αξία» των χρημάτων και ενσωματώνονται οι διακυμάνσεις στην τιμή των καυσίμων. Η ανάλυση δαπανών κύκλων ζωής εξετάζει το κόστος κατά τη διάρκεια της ζωής του συστήματος και όχι μόνο το αρχικό κόστος. Έτσι είναι ευκολότερη η συγκριτική μελέτη των συστημάτων που θέλουμε να εγκαταστήσουμε.
Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο ως αποτέλεσμα ενός οικονομικότερου οπότε και βέλτιστου συστήματος αναφέρεται η συμπαραγωγή ηλεκτρισμού και θερμότητας. Τα συστήματα Συμπαραγωγής Ηλεκτρισμού και Θερμότητας παράγουν ταυτόχρονα αξιοποιήσιμη ηλεκτρική και θερμική ενέργεια μέσω ενός ενιαίου συστήματος. Η παραγόμενη θερμότητα μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί τόσο για θερμική χρήση όσο και για ψύξη ή κλιματισμό. Βασικό πλεονέκτημα και κίνητρο εφαρμογής της αποτελεί η αυξημένη απόδοση του συστήματος, έναντι της χωριστής λειτουργίας συμβατικών συστημάτων ηλεκτροπαραγωγής και θερμικής ενέργειας. Η εξοικονόμηση αυτή προκύπτει από την ανάκτηση και αξιοποίηση της θερμότητας, που διαφορετικά θα απορριπτόταν στο περιβάλλον
Στο έκτο και τελευταίο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται το ελληνικό σύστημα παραγωγής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Το Ελληνικό ενεργειακό σύστημα βρίσκεται την τελευταία δεκαετία σε φάση σημαντικών αλλαγών. Η διείσδυση του φυσικού αερίου, η κατασκευή των διευρωπαϊκών δικτύων, η προώθηση των ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας και εξοικονόμησης ενέργειας και τέλος η απελευθέρωση της αγοράς ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας αποτελούν τα νέα δεδομένα του. Σημαντικές είναι οι επιπτώσεις των νέων αυτών δεδομένων στην ασφάλεια του ενεργειακού εφοδιασμού της χώρας, στην μείωση της εξάρτησης της από το εισαγόμενο πετρέλαιο, με όλα τα συνεπαγόμενα οφέλη στην εθνική οικονομία, στην εξοικονόμηση μη ανανεωνόμενων ενεργειακών πόρων, στην αύξηση της αποδοτικότητας των διαδικασιών παραγωγής και κατανάλωσης ενέργειας, στην προστασία του περιβάλλοντος και τέλος στην βελτίωση των παρεχομένων υπηρεσιών στους καταναλωτές. / The subject of this diploma thesis is the study of the types of electric generation systems and their comparative study. Initially are presented summarizing the basic principles of operation and the particular characteristics of each station. The energy systems being analyzed are steam cycle, gas fired, combined cycle, hydroelectric, nuclear power, solar, wind, geothermal and biomass systems. A brief description of fuels takes place presenting oil, natural gas, coal and its derivatives and nuclear fuels. Accent is given in the lignite and a short description of a lignite thermoelectric station is given. Then, the criteria are mentioned which are suitable for the choice of optimal energy system such as operational and functional costs, prices of fuels, types of generation system and technical and environmental issues. Also an economic study is realized. A life cycle cost analysis that evaluates the total owning and operating cost and takes into account the “time value” of money. Furthermore, the co-production of energy and heat as emanation of the most optimal system is included. Finally, the energy situation that prevails in Greece is presented.
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從刑事責任觀點論著作權保護範圍 / Copyright Infringement in Perspective of Criminal Liability張采琳, Chang, Cai Lin Unknown Date (has links)
著作權法第1條:「為保障著作人著作權益,調和社會公共利益,促進國家文化發展,特制定本法。」說明了著作權法的目的同時兼具保障著作權人權利、公共利益以及促進國家文化發展。為了達成著作權的目的,明文刑事責任於規範中。刑事責任置於著作權領域是否妥適,至今為止不僅學說上,在社會上均引起廣泛的討論,特別是我國這十年來發生了許多相關爭議性的事件。這樣的問題不禁使人反覆思考,著作權的保護範圍到底為何?以刑罰保護著作權的妥適性?
本文從著作權的基礎思維出發,探討著作權法中公共領域、利用人權利與合理使用概念,進而分析著作權背後所代表的法律意義。著作權是否得以做為刑法上所保護的利益,必須端視著作權的本質為何。本文嘗試討論著作權作為財產權,從刑法的角度,以「家族相似性( Familienähnli-chkeit)」的概念就著作權本身資訊的特性下,討論著作財產權法益的存在與否。
美國法作為世界著作權法的領導先驅,深深地影響我國學說見解與實務操作。透過比較美國著作權法之規範,省思我國社會現況是否有必要制定如此嚴格之刑罰規定;從經濟分析的角度思考,對於著作權刑罰威嚇作用的成果效益效果是有限度的,然而著作權政策以及刑法的長期效益所帶來的成本卻是很高的。著作權刑罰所需的成本高於其所獲得的效益,以致於立法者將著作權侵權行為視為犯罪並無法有效率地保護著作權人或公眾長期的著作權利益。
本文設計一賽局,分析在侵害人選擇侵害著作權的策略時,即使政府選擇執行刑事處罰反而比起不執行所付出的成本為高,在這樣的情形下,政府不執行刑事處罰的策略才是最佳策略的選擇。法律使用刑罰保護大家共同認可、接受的利益,前提是人類的社會共同生活秩序在我們的社會共識必須認同這樣的規範,透過觀察實務案例與統計分析,可以發現我國實務在著作權重製認定或是在刑度裁量上都出現很大之問題,同時也出現許多著作權人濫用刑事程序之情形。
綜上所述,我國的著作權刑事立法確實有值得探討的空間,需要再加以審慎考量。本文認為,應該廢除著作權刑事處罰的刑罰規定,讓著作權刑事處罰行為回歸民事的侵權行為,由著作權人向侵權行為人請求損害賠償。借鏡專利法廢除刑罰規定的經驗,讓著作權回歸其本質,以民事損害賠償填補著作權人之損失即為已足。 / Copyright Law Article 1: ” This Act is specifically enacted for the purposes of protecting the rights and interests of authors with respect to their works, balancing different interests for the common good of society, and promoting the development of national culture. Matters not provided for herein shall be governed by the provisions of other acts.” It illustrates that the purpose of copyright law combines both the right of copyright owner and public interest. In order to achieve this goal, criminal liability is included. However, there are controversies of criminal liability in copyright law, especially lots of copyright social events happened in the past few years. This leads to questions: Is it right to protect copyright through criminal punishment?
In this thesis, I intend to use the concept of Familienähnli-chkeit (Legal Interest) to analyze legal interest of copyright. Economic analysis of law applies the economic cost theory to the analysis of copyright rules and utility. Game theory analysis of law seeks primarily to explain how people behave in response to legal rules and institutions. The prior discussion identifies the protection of copyright through criminal punishment is relatively useless. On the other hand, as a leading country of copyright legislation and academic discussion, Copyright Law comparison between United States and Taiwan is helpful for rethinking Taiwan Copyright Law. Last but not the least, the observation of judicial practice matters is also important. I researched the related cases and made statistics in order to reveal the real aspect of Taiwan judicial practice.
Based on the above, this thesis identifies the problems of criminal punishment of Taiwan Copyright Law. An overview of copyright criminal norm is given for this purpose. I then reflect on Taiwan’s current copyright criminal punishment, with particular emphasis on preeminent aspects of the elements which mentioned above that may be used as references for the future development of Taiwan Copyright Law.
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Fonction de réaction de la banque centrale européenne / Reaction function of the European Central BankSidibe, Bouraima 28 September 2012 (has links)
Les Banques centrales occupent une position essentielle au coeur des économies contemporaines et font l'objet de débats animés sur ce que devraient être le rôle, les objectifs et le cadre institutionnel d'une Banque centrale. Face à une multitude d'analyses normatives concernées par ce qui doit être, on note une absence relative d'analyses positives. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à éclairer la réflexion sur les choix de politique monétaire mis en oeuvre par les Banques centrales. Le cadre d'application empirique retenu pour notre recherche est celui de l'Union économique et monétaire (UEM). La place importante de cet ensemble économique sur la scène internationale et son cadre institutionnel particulier suffisent à justifier l'intérêt d'une étude du comportement de la Banque Centrale Européenne (BCE). Les nombreux débats qui ont accompagné la mise en place de cette institution encore relativement jeune et ceux qui se poursuivent aujourd'hui renforcent cet intérêt. Dans la littérature économique, deux lignes de conduite ont principalement été retenues pour analyser les choix effectifs de la politique monétaire des banques centrales. La première approche, que nous avons qualifiée d' « économique », consiste en la formulation et l'estimation des fonctions de réaction de politique monétaire déduites d'un comportement d'optimisation ne prenant en compte que des variables économiques. Cette approche est fondée sur une vision globalisante de l'autorité monétaire... / Central banks occupy a key position at the heart of contemporary economies and are the subject of lively debates about what should be the role, the objectives and the institutional framework of a central bank. In the presence of a multitude of normative analyses concerned with what should be, there is a relative lack of positive tests. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to elucidate the reflections on monetary policy choices implemented by central banks. The empirical application framework used for this research is that of the European Monetary Union (EMU). The crucial position of this economic entity on the international scene and its particular institutional framework suffice to justify the interest of analysing the behaviour of the European Central Bank (ECB). The numerous debates that accompanied the establishment of this still relatively young institution and those who continue today reinforce this interest. In economic literature, two guidelines were mainly used to analyse the actual choices of the monetary policy of central banks. The first approach, which we call "economic", is the formulation and estimation of reaction functions of monetary policy derived from optimising behaviour taking into account economic variables only. This approach relies on a globalising vision of the monetary authority...
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Casca de mamona em dietas para ovinos de corte / Castor bean hulls in diets cut.Beserra, Liandro Torres January 2010 (has links)
BESERRA, Liandro Torres. Casca de mamona em dietas para ovinos de corte. 2010. 80 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-03T13:50:38Z
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Previous issue date: 2010 / The objective of this study was to evaluate four substitution levels (0, 33, 67 and 100%) of Tifton 85 hay by castor hulls on the diet of Morada Nova, males, non-castrated, crossbred sheep on average aged 7 months and weighting 20.3 kg so that it was possible to compare bioeconomic performance of each diet. The experimental design was established with four treatments and five repetitions. It has been used a 50% ratio between roughage and concentrated feed. Confinement lasted 70 days: 14 days of adaptation and 56 of data collection. It has been observed reductions on both progressive intake nutrient and animal performance, however, from 67% substitution level on, biological performance has dropped drastically. Increasing the percentage of substitution level has not resulted in significant changes on feedlot sheep behavioral characteristics. It has been observed both higher food and rumination efficiency with lower levels of castor hulls and also differences between on morphometric measures: body weight (PC), body weight at slaughter (PVA), empty body weight (PCV), hot carcass weight (PCQ), cold carcass weight (PCF) and empty body performance (RCV). Analyses on cut weights made on the carcass have presented differences on: half carcass, leg, loin back, shoulder, flank and neck. Concerning cut economic returns, leg and loin cuts later have presented differences between different substitution levels and regarding on non-carcass treatments, it has been observed economic differences for skin, head, feet, trachea/ lung/ tongue, diaphragm, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, omasum, rumen/ reticulum and for perirenal fat. Concerning to nutrients, 0-33% substitution level has presented best results followed by 67% substitution level, which has presented intermediate values, and 100% substitution level, with the worst results. Finally, it has been made technical, zootechnical and economical analysis based on both costs of each diet and dry matter (MS) consumption. Daily production (kg / PV) and productivity (kg / day x sheep) have been higher in production systems with smaller amount of castor hulls on the diet due to the higher consumption of dry matter (MS) which has resulted in: increased animal performance; higher number of animals with ideal weight to be slaughtered per year; and in higher gross income kg/ PV (R$/ month). On the other hand, total cost (R$/ month) decreases while increasing substitution levels, mainly because of the low prices of castor hulls. Results pointed on drastically feed decreasing costs on systems with higher castor hulls. 67% substitution level have presented the highest liquid income per year (R$ 4,600.00); a 1.04 cost-benefits relation; a 23% internal return rate (TIR); and a Liquid Present Value (VPL) of R$ 22,888.97. / Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a influência de quatro níveis de substituição (0; 33; 67 e 100) do feno de capim-tifton 85 pela casca de mamona em rações sobre o desempenho bioeconômico de ovinos mestiços de Morada Nova, machos, inteiros, com peso vivo médio de 20,3 kg e idade média de 7 meses. O delineamento experimental empregado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. A ração formulada possuía uma relação volumoso (feno de capim-tifton 85 e/ou a casca de mamona): concentrado de 50%. O confinamento durou 70 dias, sendo 14 de adaptação e 56 de coleta. Houve redução progressiva no consumo dos nutrientes e no desempenho dos animais com a substituição do feno de capim-tifton 85 pela casca de mamona na dieta, no entanto, só partir do nível 67% de substituição do feno de capim-tifton 85 pela casca de mamona o rendimento biológico diminuiu acentuadamente. O aumento do percentual de substituição do feno de capimtifton 85 pela casca de mamona não propiciou grandes mudanças comportamentais dos ovinos confinados. Apenas nas eficiências de alimentação e de ruminação observou-se diferença nos níveis com menor porcentagem de casca de mamona na dieta dos animais, acarretando maiores eficiências. Foram obtidas diferenças entre os níveis de substituição sobre peso vivo (PV), peso vivo ao abate (PVA), peso de corpo vazio (PCV), pesos de carcaça quente (PCQ) e carcaça fria (PCF) e rendimento do corpo vazio (RCV). Também houve diferença para as medidas morfométricas. Em relação aos pesos dos cortes feitos na carcaça os que apresentaram diferenças foram os da meia carcaça, da perna, do lombo posterior, da paleta, da fraldinha e do pescoço. Quanto aos rendimentos dos cortes, a perna e o lombo posterior apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos. Para o peso dos constituintes não-carcaça, foram obtidas diferenças para pele, cabeça, pés, traquéia/pulmão/língua, diafragma, coração, fígado, rins, baço, omaso, rúmen/retículo e para gorduras perirenal, omental e mesentérica. Em geral, os níveis 0 e 33% de substituição foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados, seguido do nível 67%, com valores intermediários, sendo o nível de 100% de casca de mamona o que apresentou os piores resultados. De posse do custo de cada ração e do consumo de matéria seca das mesmas, foram analisados os indicadores técnicos, zootécnicos e econômicos. A produção diária (kg/PV) e a produtividade (kg/ovino x dia) foram maiores nos sistemas de produção com menor porcentagem de casca de mamona na dieta dos animais, consequência do maior consumo de MS, resultando em um maior desempenho dos animais e um maior número de animais terminados por ano, gerando maior renda bruta kg/PV (R$/mês). Em contrapartida, o custo total (R$/mês) diminui com o aumento da substituição do feno de capim-tifton 85 pela casca de mamona na dieta animal, principalmente pelo baixo valor de aquisição da casca de mamona, reduzindo drasticamente os custos com alimentação nos sistemas com maior porcentagem de casca de mamona. O nível de substituição 67% de casca de mamona foi o que apresentou maior renda líquida anual (R$ 4600,00), relação benefício custo (1,04), valor presente líquido (R$ 22888,97) e taxa interna de retorno (23%).
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L'analyse économique du droit du poste de commissaire de la Ligue nationale de hockeyPelletier, Julien 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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L'aide informelle apportée aux personnes jeunes atteintes de handicap neurologique : analyse économique de quatre modèles neuro-pathologiques / Informal care in neurodisability : an economic analysis in four neuropathological modelsBayen, Eléonore 26 June 2015 (has links)
L’objet de cette thèse est de réaliser une analyse économique du champ de l’aide informelle des personnes adultes jeunes vivant à domicile et atteintes de maladie neurologique grave. La question de recherche posée concerne l’articulation entre l’organisation de l’aide informelle et la cinétique de la pathologie neurologique. La méthodologie repose sur la construction de quatre modèles neuro-pathologiques et économiques d’une part, et sur la constitution de quatre cohortes représentatives, comportant chacune une centaine de binômes « aidant-aidés » d’autre part. Ainsi, les modèles de la pathologie brutale avec handicap résiduel stabilisé, de la pathologie progressive avec handicap croissant, de la pathologie à cinétique déficitaire rapide, de la pathologie dégénérative héréditaire sont-ils respectivement illustrés par le traumatisme crânien, la sclérose en plaques, la tumeur cérébrale et la maladie de Huntington. Nos travaux (1) mettent en évidence les caractéristiques sur le plan économique des aidants informels (conjoints jeunes) qui sont fortement impliqués dans la production du soin, experts d’un accompagnement complexe et déstabilisés dans leur trajectoire professionnelle (2) font la démonstration de la prédétermination forte de la cinétique de la pathologie neurologique sur les comportements d’aide informelle à travers différents indicateurs temporels dont la prise en compte s’avère incontournable pour l’analyse économique (3) montrent la nécessité d’avoir recours à une mesure bidimensionnelle (subjective et objective) dans l’analyse du fardeau des aidants informels. Une telle mesure souligne d’une part l’insuffisance du recours à l’aide professionnelle publique et d’autre part l’impact sur les aidants des troubles cognitivo-comportementaux (handicap invisible) et de la phase neuro-palliative à domicile d’une pathologie neurologique grave. Ces résultats ouvrent des perspectives pour la mise en place de mesures d’action publiques en France dans le champ complexe du handicap neurologique. / The purpose of this thesis is to achieve an economic analysis of informal caregiving of young adults living at home and suffering from a severe neurological disease. The research questions the relationship between the organization of informal care and kinetics of neurological pathology. The methodology is based on the construction of four neuro-pathological and economic models on the one hand, and on the constitution of four representative cohorts, each with a hundred pairs of "patients-caregivers" on the other. Thus, models of brutal disease stabilized with residual disability, progressive disease with increasing disability, fast kinetics disease and neuro-degenerative hereditary disease are respectively illustrated by traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, malignant brain tumor and Huntington's Disease. Our work (1) highlights the economic characteristics of informal caregivers (young spouses) who are highly involved in the production of care, expert of complex care and therapeutic pathways and destabilized in their professional careers (2) demonstrates that the kinetics of neurological disease predicts the economic behavior of informal caregivers : taking account of different time indicators is crucial for economic analysis in neurodisability (3) shows that a two-dimensional subjective and objective outcome measure is necessary in the analysis of the burden of informal caregivers. Such a double indicator first stresses the inadequate use of publicly funded professional care ; it also points out the impact of cognitive-behavioral disorders (so-called “invisible disability”) and of the home neuro-palliative phase on caregivers in case of a severe neurological disease. These results open perspectives for the development of public action measures in France in the complex field of neurological disability.
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Způsob a ekonomika využití odpadního tepla u vybraných bioplynových stanic / Method and economy of waste heat utilization at selected biogas plantsZAJÍC, Pavel January 2014 (has links)
The thesis is focused on economy and different ways how to use the waste heat which is created during combustion of biogas in cogeneration units. The utilization of residual heat enables to significantly increase the energetic efficiency of existing and newly built biogas stations. There is the description of the biogas station in Třeboň, Pleše and Kardašova Řečice and the technical and economic analysis of utilization of biogas in the place of heat consumption. These biogas stations have different methods how to use the waste heat. In Třeboň, there is this method: made biogas is transported by gas pipeline to the place where it is used. By contrast, the heat is used in the place where is created, but the heat is used for different purposes in Pleše and in Kardašova Řečice.
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O marco regulatório da inovação tecnológica e o polo industrial de Manaus: desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico da região amazônicaSilva, Luciana Souza da 10 October 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to verify if the country's current regulatory framework of scientific and technological innovation would have the potential to generate effectively scientific and technological development in the Amazon region, with adequate preservation of the environment and generating the socioeconomic sustainability of the Manaus Industrial Pole. The research begins examining the issue of globalization and linkages with technological innovation; then looks at some theories of development in the context of science and technology, analyzes the construction of public policies in the areas of industrial development and science, technology and innovation; and appealing for sectorial industrial policies going to discuss the Manaus Free Zone project, its historic elements, constitutional foundations, elements of management, weaknesses and changes caused by the successive alterations in the regulatory framework. Over the course of implementation of industrial policy also highlights the obstacles, achievements and failures of the Informatics National Policy, bringing to the place its importance as a precursor to the implementation of the Science, Technology and Innovation Public Policy. In the context of application of the research, the work emphasizes the latent need of integration between the local industrial development public policies and the science technology and innovation public policies, especially when considered its linkages with the demands of the Manaus Industrial Pole where there are tax incentives from both policies. Finally, it s evidenced that the legal framework has potential to boost scientific and technological development of the Manaus Industrial Pole combined with the structuring of a systemic planning, not yet implemented. / A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo principal verificar se o marco regulatório da inovação científica e tecnológica em vigor no país teria potencial para gerar desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico efetivo para a região amazônica, com preservação adequada do meio ambiente e gerando a sustentabilidade socioeconômica do Polo Industrial de Manaus. A pesquisa parte da análise do tema da globalização situando suas vinculações com a inovação tecnológica; em seguida, analisa algumas teorias desenvolvimentistas no âmbito da ciência e da tecnologia; destaca a construção de políticas públicas nas áreas de desenvolvimento industrial e ciência, tecnologia e inovação; e envereda pelas políticas industriais setoriais passando a discutir o projeto da Zona Franca de Manaus, seus elementos históricos, fundamentos constitucionais, elementos de gestão, fragilidades e mudanças provocadas pelas sucessivas alterações no marco regulatório. Ao longo da trajetória de implantação da Política Industrial setorial, merecem destaque no trabalho os obstáculos, conquistas e fracassos da Política Nacional de Informática, evidenciando sua importância como precursora para a implantação da Política Pública de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. No contexto de aplicação da pesquisa, o trabalho enfatiza a necessidade latente de integração entre as políticas públicas de desenvolvimento industrial local e as políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, principalmente quando analisadas à luz das demandas do Polo Industrial de Manaus, com incentivos fiscais oriundos de ambas as políticas. Por fim, é evidenciado o potencial do marco legal para impulsionar o desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico do Polo, aliado à estruturação de um planejamento sistêmico, ainda não realizado.
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