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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Una aproximación a la noción de realidad en Emmanuel Lévinas.

Garay Canales, Sol Marina January 2004 (has links)
Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía. / Más que una tesis, en su sentido formal, el texto que viene a continuación he querido plantearlo como una invitación a adentrase en el pensamiento del filósofo lituano-francés, Emmanuel Lévinas [1906-1995]. Lévinas, a mi entender, nos ofrece una interesante e innovadora mirada filosófica acerca de cómo entender la realidad, el „existente‟ y las relaciones que se establecen entre los seres humanos que constituimos este mundo, con el fin de determinar la esencia de la ética como filosofía primera.
2

Téma zla a morálního zájmu v románech George Orwella A Clergyman´s Daughter, Animal Farm a Nineteen Eighty-Four / The Theme of Evil and the Moral Concern in George Orwell´s Novels A Clergyman´s Daughter, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four

ŤUPA, Jan January 2016 (has links)
This diploma thesis is concerned with the analysis of famous novels written by the English writer George Orwell. It is confronted with ethical concept represented by Emmanuel Lévinas. The thesis is about a social evil in all aspects. It observes the roots of historical events and searches for the crucial solutions why evil is still present in the human society and can be a threat for the society anytime. The thesis discusses the elements like demagogy, physical and psychological terror towards the humans in any possible dictatorships. At the end of the thesis, the author is drawing on Orwell´s and Lévinas´s ideas, which should be respected in the correct functioning of any social system.
3

Pour un dialogue entre transcendance et immanence : une analyse du concept de justice chez Lévinas

Sabourin Laflamme, Andréane 09 1900 (has links)
Plusieurs critiques ont été adressées à Lévinas quant à la difficulté de conjuguer le caractère infini de la responsabilité éthique, qu’il présente comme condition de possibilité de l’expérience, et la mesure de l’obligation envers autrui qui naît inévitablement dans le politique. En effet, la distinction semble si prononcée entre l’obligation éthique transcendante envers l’autre et la logique politique, univers de sens associé à l’ontologie et présenté comme violent et immanent, que l’éthique peut apparaître compromise dès qu’elle est exprimée dans un contexte social. En réponse à ces difficultés, ce mémoire vise à démontrer qu’en dépit de leur opposition fondamentale, l’ordre éthique et l’ordre ontologico-politique font partie d’une structure unique. À la lumière de l’entrée en scène du tiers et de la nécessité de justice qui l’accompagne, l’existence d’un carrefour entre ces couches de significations distinctes, mais interdépendante, peut être illustrée. De fait, la justice constitue un concept amphibologique chez Lévinas qui, participant à la fois de l’éthique et du politique, permet de mettre au jour l’ancrage a priori social de l’éthique. Cette étude présentera des réflexions critiques reliées à la discipline juridique et aux droits de l’homme, qui démontreront comment la pensée de Lévinas non seulement peut, mais doit s’ouvrir à une expression sociale. / Many critics have been addressed to Lévinas concerning the difficulty of combining the infinite ethical responsibility, presented as the precondition of experience, and the limitation of the obligation towards the other that rise inevitably within the political. The distinction seems so stark between the transcendent ethical responsibility towards the other and the political logic, associated with the violent and immanent ontological order, that ethics can appear to be jeopardized as soon as it is expressed in a social context. This essay aims to overcome these difficulties by demonstrating that despite their fundamental opposition, the ethical order and the onto-political order are part of a unique structure. In the light of the presence of the third and of the necessity of justice that accompanies it, it is possible to prove the existence of a junction between these distinct but interdependent layers of signification. In fact, the concept of justice is an amphibological concept that at the same time is part of ethics and of politics. It shows that ethics is situated a priori in a social realm. This study will present critical reflection related to law and to human rights law that will demonstrate that Levinas’ philosophy not only can, but has to open itself to a social expression.
4

Pour un dialogue entre transcendance et immanence : une analyse du concept de justice chez Lévinas

Sabourin Laflamme, Andréane 09 1900 (has links)
Plusieurs critiques ont été adressées à Lévinas quant à la difficulté de conjuguer le caractère infini de la responsabilité éthique, qu’il présente comme condition de possibilité de l’expérience, et la mesure de l’obligation envers autrui qui naît inévitablement dans le politique. En effet, la distinction semble si prononcée entre l’obligation éthique transcendante envers l’autre et la logique politique, univers de sens associé à l’ontologie et présenté comme violent et immanent, que l’éthique peut apparaître compromise dès qu’elle est exprimée dans un contexte social. En réponse à ces difficultés, ce mémoire vise à démontrer qu’en dépit de leur opposition fondamentale, l’ordre éthique et l’ordre ontologico-politique font partie d’une structure unique. À la lumière de l’entrée en scène du tiers et de la nécessité de justice qui l’accompagne, l’existence d’un carrefour entre ces couches de significations distinctes, mais interdépendante, peut être illustrée. De fait, la justice constitue un concept amphibologique chez Lévinas qui, participant à la fois de l’éthique et du politique, permet de mettre au jour l’ancrage a priori social de l’éthique. Cette étude présentera des réflexions critiques reliées à la discipline juridique et aux droits de l’homme, qui démontreront comment la pensée de Lévinas non seulement peut, mais doit s’ouvrir à une expression sociale. / Many critics have been addressed to Lévinas concerning the difficulty of combining the infinite ethical responsibility, presented as the precondition of experience, and the limitation of the obligation towards the other that rise inevitably within the political. The distinction seems so stark between the transcendent ethical responsibility towards the other and the political logic, associated with the violent and immanent ontological order, that ethics can appear to be jeopardized as soon as it is expressed in a social context. This essay aims to overcome these difficulties by demonstrating that despite their fundamental opposition, the ethical order and the onto-political order are part of a unique structure. In the light of the presence of the third and of the necessity of justice that accompanies it, it is possible to prove the existence of a junction between these distinct but interdependent layers of signification. In fact, the concept of justice is an amphibological concept that at the same time is part of ethics and of politics. It shows that ethics is situated a priori in a social realm. This study will present critical reflection related to law and to human rights law that will demonstrate that Levinas’ philosophy not only can, but has to open itself to a social expression.
5

Alteridade e diálogo: uma meta-arqueologia da educação a partir de Emmanuel Lévinas e Paulo Freire

Guedes, Edson Carvalho 04 May 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 655991 bytes, checksum: a6e89ee8df12620a8a993f2618a9d506 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The meta-archeology of Education, suggested in this work, refers to Emmanuel Lévinas and Paulo Freire and wants to orientate a philosophical reflection about the questions raised by the necessity of looking at the Other as a source of learning that enables the human being to be more. The problem concerning this research may be explained as follows: How can Lévinas Philosophy, in a dialog with the educational Theory by Paulo Freire, help defining principles or bases of intersubjective relationships present in education? We consider that the intersubjective relationships, within the educational universe, are built over two great bases or over a basis properly defined and over something that is beyond the basis. A contribution that this research brings and that reveals a possible originality within the educational field refers to the deconstruction of the category that is conveniently referred to as basis or principle. Supported by the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas, we present a perspective concerning the Western philosophy that comprised, most of the times, totalitarian bases, concerned about the unit, coherence and synthesis, dismissing, because of that, the singularities, the contradictions and the diversities. We suggest the term meta-archeology to indicate a reality that begins, but that is open to diversity, the difference, resistant to presenting itself as a paradigm. The hypothesis that determined the beginning of our works, already influenced by the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas and by the epistemology of the education of Paulo Freire, brings as an answer to our thesis problem the following statement: The relationship between the alterity and the exercise of the dialog enable and emphasize a metaarcheology of the emancipative education, beyond the identity limits. On the other hand, it is the autological rationality that begins and sustains, within the educational processes, the interpersonal relationships excluding and resistant to diversity. In order to build a methodology that would organize the approach of a subject in regards to a phenomenon and, at the same time, offer sufficient elements to [dis]organize and [re]organize the speech in view of future theoretical and practical constructions, we considered it is more convenient to approach the questions raised by the phenomenological hermeneutics of Paul Ricoeur. The thesis was grounded on four main categories: knowledge and autology, on the one hand, and alterity and dialog on the other hand. These are two cuts that tension each other reciprocally. The comprehension of the first group of categories favors the comprehension of the second one and vice-versa. The first group is understood as the basis or principle for the education; the second one, as meta-archeology, something that is beyond the principle (arché). The set of Lévinas categories has alterity as its central category and articulator of the others: ethics and philosophy first, language, subjectivity, autrement (different than being). The set of Freire categories has dialog as its central category and articulates the others: freedom, social and political, justice, culture. With these categories, we tried to build an educational theory that may enable ethical learning processes of reception and commitment with others and even enable learning for the suspicion, refractory to the will of power. / A meta-arqueologia da Educação, proposta neste trabalho, toma como referência Emmanuel Lévinas e Paulo Freire e quer orientar uma reflexão filosófica sobre as questões colocadas pela necessidade de olhar o Outro como fonte de uma aprendizagem que possibilita o ser humano ser mais. O problema desta pesquisa pode ser explicitado da seguinte maneira: Como a Filosofia de Lévinas, em diálogo com a Teoria da educação de Paulo Freire ajudam a delinear princípios ou fundamentos de relações intersubjetivas presentes na educação? Consideramos que as relações intersubjetivas, no universo educacional, são construídas sobre dois grandes fundamentos ou sobre um fundamento propriamente dito e sobre algo que está para além do fundamento. Uma contribuição que esta pesquisa traz e que revela uma possível originalidade no campo educacional refere-se à desconstrução da categoria que se convencionou chamar de fundamento ou princípio. Ancorados na filosofia de Emmanuel Lévinas, apresentamos uma perspectiva acerca da filosofia ocidental que constituiu, na maioria das vezes, fundamentos totalitários, preocupados com a unidade, coerência e síntese, destituindo, por conta disso, as singularidades, as contradições e as diversidades. Propomos o termo metaarqueologia para designar uma realidade que principia, mas que permanece aberta à diversidade, à diferença, resistente a se apresentar como paradigma. A hipótese que marcou o início de nossos trabalhos, já influenciados pela filosofia de Emmanuel Lévinas e pela epistemologia da educação de Paulo Freire, traz como resposta ao nosso problema de tese a seguinte afirmação: A relação de alteridade e o exercício do diálogo permitem e marcam uma meta-arqueologia da educação emancipatória, para além dos limites identitários. Por outro lado, é a racionalidade autológica que principia e sustenta, no interior dos processos educativos, as relações interpessoais excludentes e resistentes à diversidade. Para construir uma metodologia que organizasse a abordagem de um sujeito acerca de um fenômeno e, ao mesmo tempo, oferecesse elementos suficientes para [des]arrumar e [re]organizar o discurso em vista de futuras construções teóricas e práticas, julgamos mais conveniente abordar as questões postas pela hermenêutica fenomenológica de Paul Ricoeur. A tese alicerçou-se em quatro categorias centrais: saber e autologia, de um lado, e alteridade e diálogo, de outro. São dois cortes que se tensionam reciprocamente. A compreensão do primeiro grupo de categorias favorece a compreensão do segundo e vice-versa. O primeiro grupo é compreendido como fundamento ou princípio para a educação; o segundo, como uma meta-arqueologia, algo que está para além do princípio (arché). O conjunto de categorias levinasianas tem alteridade como categoria central e articuladora das outras: ética e filosofia primeira, linguagem, subjetividade, autrement (de outro modo que ser). O conjunto das categorias freireanas tem diálogo como categoria central e articula as outras: liberdade, social e político, justiça, cultura. Com essas categorias, buscamos construir uma teoria educacional que possa viabilizar processos de aprendizagens éticos de acolhimento e compromisso com o outrem e ainda propiciadora de uma aprendizagem para a suspeita, refratária à vontade de poder.
6

Alteridade e Diálogo: uma meta-aqueologia da educação a partir de Emmanuel Lévinas e de Paulo Freire.

Guedes, Edson Carvalho 04 May 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1716408 bytes, checksum: ad193c670d09d5a8667ea86676bb4cc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The meta-archeology of Education, suggested in this work, refers to Emmanuel Lévinas and Paulo Freire and wants to orientate a philosophical reflection about the questions raised by the necessity of looking at the Other as a source of learning that enables the human being to be more. The problem concerning this research may be explained as follows: How can Lévinas Philosophy, in a dialog with the educational Theory by Paulo Freire, help defining principles or bases of intersubjective relationships present in education? We consider that the intersubjective relationships, within the educational universe, are built over two great bases or over a basis properly defined and over something that is beyond the basis. A contribution that this research brings and that reveals a possible originality within the educational field refers to the deconstruction of the category that is conveniently referred to as basis or principle. Supported by the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas, we present a perspective concerning the Western philosophy that comprised, most of the times, totalitarian bases, concerned about the unit, coherence and synthesis, dismissing, because of that, the singularities, the contradictions and the diversities. We suggest the term meta-archeology to indicate a reality that begins, but that is open to diversity, the difference, resistant to presenting itself as a paradigm. The hypothesis that determined the beginning of our works, already influenced by the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas and by the epistemology of the education of Paulo Freire, brings as an answer to our thesis problem the following statement: The relationship between the alterity and the exercise of the dialog enable and emphasize a metaarcheology of the emancipative education, beyond the identity limits. On the other hand, it is the autological rationality that begins and sustains, within the educational processes, the interpersonal relationships excluding and resistant to diversity. In order to build a methodology that would organize the approach of a subject in regards to a phenomenon and, at the same time, offer sufficient elements to [dis]organize and [re]organize the speech in view of future theoretical and practical constructions, we considered it is more convenient to approach the questions raised by the phenomenological hermeneutics of Paul Ricoeur. The thesis was grounded on four main categories: knowledge and autology, on the one hand, and alterity and dialog on the other hand. These are two cuts that tension each other reciprocally. The comprehension of the first group of categories favors the comprehension of the second one and vice-versa. The first group is understood as the basis or principle for the education; the second one, as meta-archeology, something that is beyond the principle (arché). The set of Lévinas categories has alterity as its central category and articulator of the others: ethics and philosophy first, language, subjectivity, autrement (different than being). The set of Freire categories has dialog as its central category and articulates the others: freedom, social and political, justice, culture. With these categories, we tried to build an educational theory that may enable ethical learning processes of reception and commitment with others and even enable learning for the suspicion, refractory to the will of power. / A meta-arqueologia da Educação, proposta neste trabalho, toma como referência Emmanuel Lévinas e Paulo Freire e quer orientar uma reflexão filosófica sobre as questões colocadas pela necessidade de olhar o Outro como fonte de uma aprendizagem que possibilita o ser humano ser mais. O problema desta pesquisa pode ser explicitado da seguinte maneira: Como a Filosofia de Lévinas, em diálogo com a Teoria da educação de Paulo Freire ajudam a delinear princípios ou fundamentos de relações intersubjetivas presentes na educação? Consideramos que as relações intersubjetivas, no universo educacional, são construídas sobre dois grandes fundamentos ou sobre um fundamento propriamente dito e sobre algo que está para além do fundamento. Uma contribuição que esta pesquisa traz e que revela uma possível originalidade no campo educacional refere-se à desconstrução da categoria que se convencionou chamar de fundamento ou princípio. Ancorados na filosofia de Emmanuel Lévinas, apresentamos uma perspectiva acerca da filosofia ocidental que constituiu, na maioria das vezes, fundamentos totalitários, preocupados com a unidade, coerência e síntese, destituindo, por conta disso, as singularidades, as contradições e as diversidades. Propomos o termo meta-arqueologia para designar uma realidade que principia, mas que permanece aberta à diversidade, à diferença, resistente a se apresentar como paradigma. A hipótese que marcou o início de nossos trabalhos, já influenciados pela filosofia de Emmanuel Lévinas e pela epistemologia da educação de Paulo Freire, traz como resposta ao nosso problema de tese a seguinte afirmação: A relação de alteridade e o exercício do diálogo permitem e marcam uma meta-arqueologia da educação emancipatória, para além dos limites identitários. Por outro lado, é a racionalidade autológica que principia e sustenta, no interior dos processos educativos, as relações interpessoais excludentes e resistentes à diversidade. Para construir uma metodologia que organizasse a abordagem de um sujeito acerca de um fenômeno e, ao mesmo tempo, oferecesse elementos suficientes para [des]arrumar e [re]organizar o discurso em vista de futuras construções teóricas e práticas, julgamos mais conveniente abordar as questões postas pela hermenêutica fenomenológica de Paul Ricoeur. A tese alicerçou-se em quatro categorias centrais: saber e autologia, de um lado, e alteridade e diálogo, de outro. São dois cortes que se tensionam reciprocamente. A compreensão do primeiro grupo de categorias favorece a compreensão do segundo e vice-versa. O primeiro grupo é compreendido como fundamento ou princípio para a educação; o segundo, como uma meta-arqueologia, algo que está para além do princípio (arché). O conjunto de categorias levinasianas tem alteridade como categoria central e articuladora das outras: ética e filosofia primeira, linguagem, subjetividade, autrement (de outro modo que ser). O conjunto das categorias freireanas tem diálogo como categoria central e articula as outras: liberdade, social e político, justiça, cultura. Com essas categorias, buscamos construir uma teoria educacional que possa viabilizar processos de aprendizagens éticos de acolhimento e compromisso com o outrem e ainda propiciadora de uma aprendizagem para a suspeita, refratária à vontade de poder.
7

Die Qualität des Unterschieds

Schütte, Inga Maria 04 May 2023 (has links)
Für Inga Maria Schüttes (M. A.) Beitrag Die Qualität des Unterschieds. Das Weibliche als das Andere in der Philosophie von Emmanuel Lévinas stellt sich das Problem von Kontinuitäten, Differenzen und gendercodierten Normierungen des Denkens sowohl auf der Objektebene ausgewählter früherer Werke (Le Temps et l’autre; Totalité et L’Infini) dieses Philosophen wie auf der Reflexionsebene der philosophiegeschichtlichen Forschung, wo feministische Relektüren von Levinas‘schen Kernbegriffen (Weibliches, Tod, Eros, Frau) durch Simone de Beauvoir, Luce Irigaray und andere bislang weitgehend ausgeblendet oder abgewehrt worden sind. Über ihre eigene behutsam-kritische und textnahe Lesart hinaus plädiert die Verfasserin daher für eine umfassende, den methodischen und terminologischen Standards der Gender Studies konsequent verpflichtete Revision und Neubewertung von Levinas‘ alteritätstheoretisch wichtiger Philosophie.
8

Inför den Andre är jag dum : om dumhet, etik och kreativitet i Samuel Becketts pjäs Slutspel

Helsing, Sophie January 2006 (has links)
<p>This study constitutes an attempt to bring the notion of stupidity into relation with ethics and creativity, through a reading of Samuel Beckett's Endgame. Employing Emmanuel Lévinas' theories on ethics - the responsible responsiveness in regard to the Other and the concept of the Face - the objective is to demonstrate how stupidity, conceived as lack of control and knowledge, functions as a precondition for the ethical relation between humans, as well as that of the individual to her creativity.</p>
9

Enfermidade e infinito: direitos da personalidade do paciente terminal / Illness and infinity: individual rights of terminal ill patients

Prata, Henrique Moraes 18 October 2012 (has links)
O presente trabalho apresenta uma nova perspectiva para as discussões jurídicas e bioéticas acerca dos direitos da personalidade dos pacientes terminais e encontra em nosso ordenamento jurídico, na afirmação de um direito geral da personalidade, a plenitude da tutela civil dos bens jurídicos personalíssimos do enfermo, sobretudo nas etapas finais da doença, ocasião em que a hipermedicalização do processo de morrer destaca-se como o principal fator gerador de lesões de diversas naturezas a esses bens. No caminho para chegarmos à proteção geral da personalidade, examinamos alguns direitos especiais que emergem ao final da existência humana, como o direito à morte em momento natural. No intuito de recuperar a centralidade da pessoa humana como fim único a que devem servir o Direito e a Medicina, construímos a trajetória do conceito de pessoa em seu desenvolvimento jusfilosófico para afirmar que todo ser humano é pessoa e sujeito de direito (ubi homo sapiens, ibi persona), ainda que não possua capacidade jurídica de fato, e, com isso, demonstrar a impossibilidade de pertença a uma classe de não pessoas independentemente de circunstâncias ou do desenvolvimento biopsíquico humano. Asseveramos, também, que o cuidar e o tratar em pacientes gravemente enfermos e terminais deve relacionar-se, antes, ao homem em sua dignidade e plenitude, em uma concepção biomédica, filosófica e metafísica conjugada da sua existência, e não se reduzir à simples obstinação prognóstica e terapêutica, visão reducionista que relaciona tratar a doença a um investimento no prolongamento estéril da vida humana. Nesse sentido, apresentamos perspectiva jurídica inovadora para a enfermidade e para a vivência dessa condição, do ponto de vista de pacientes terminais, cuidadores e equipes de saúde, à luz do pensamento de Emmanuel Lévinas e à centralidade que ele outorga à figura do Outro, que ilumina nossa hermenêutica do instituto dos direitos da personalidade. Concluímos que se faz necessária uma mudança do paradigma atual de cuidados de saúde em fim de vida também na esfera jurídica, com a aceitação, na escolha terapêutica, da naturalidade do evento morte ao final da existência: da busca da cura, para o cuidar; da quantidade para a qualidade da vida que resta. / The thesis presents a new perspective of the legal and bioethical discussions regarding individual rights of terminal ill patients and finds in our legal system, in the assertion of a general individual right, the plenitude of the protection of the legal rights of the ill, especially at the last stages of the disease, when hipermedicalization of the dying process asserts itself as the major source of the various damages caused to individual rights. On the pathway to achieve the general protection of the personhood, we highlight some special rights which emerge at the end of human existence, as, for instance, the right for a death at a natural moment. To recover the centrality of the human person as the single and only end to which Law and Medicine should serve, we present herein a path of the concept of personhood in its juridical and philosophical development to affirm that every human being is an individual (ubi homo sapiens, ibi persona), even if he/she doesnt have legal capacity and, therewith, demonstrate the impossibility of belonging to a class of non-persons independently of circumstances or the bio-psychic development. We also argue that treating and caring of seriously ill and terminal patients should be related with person in its dignity and fullness, in a biomedical, philosophical and metaphysical conception of existence, irreducible to mere obstinacy in prognosis and treatment, as a result of a reductionist perspective which relates treating a disease to a futile investment of a sterile extension of human life. In this sense, we present a innovative juridical perspective to illness and the experience of this condition, from the point of view of terminal ill patients, caregivers and health care teams in light of the thought of Emmanuel Lévinas and the centrality that he grants to the figure of the Other, which illuminates our interpretation of individual rights. We conclude that a change in the extant paradigm of the end-of-life care in Brazil is imperative also in the legal realm, with the acceptance, in the therapeutic choice, of the natural path of death at the end of our existence: from the search for cure, to care; from quantity to quality of the remaining life.
10

Inför den Andre är jag dum : om dumhet, etik och kreativitet i Samuel Becketts pjäs Slutspel

Helsing, Sophie January 2006 (has links)
This study constitutes an attempt to bring the notion of stupidity into relation with ethics and creativity, through a reading of Samuel Beckett's Endgame. Employing Emmanuel Lévinas' theories on ethics - the responsible responsiveness in regard to the Other and the concept of the Face - the objective is to demonstrate how stupidity, conceived as lack of control and knowledge, functions as a precondition for the ethical relation between humans, as well as that of the individual to her creativity.

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