Le présent mémoire de maîtrise porte sur la relation potentielle entre le trait de personnalité de recherche de sensations et le traitement des expressions faciales émotionnelles, en particulier la perception (intensité et valence perçues) et la réaction (excitation) aux expressions faciales émotionnelles des autres. Nous examinons si les différences individuelles dans la recherche de sensations sont liées aux variations dans la perception et les réactions aux émotions faciales positives, négatives et neutres chez autrui. Nous recherchons également si les différences de perception ont un rôle à jouer dans la relation entre la réaction d'excitation et la recherche de sensations. Un échantillon de jeunes adultes (N=77) a rempli le formulaire V de l'échelle de recherche de sensations (SSS-V) et a évalué l'intensité et la valence d'expressions faciales émotionnelles tirées de la banque de visages émotionnels dirigés de Karolinska (KDEF). Les participants ont également rapporté leur réponse d'excitation émotionnelle perçue à ces stimuli. En utilisant des régressions hiérarchiques, nous montrons que la recherche de sensations est liée à une réponse d'excitation perçue plus élevée aux expressions faciales émotionnelles positives, négatives et neutres. Une recherche de sensations plus élevée était également associée à une intensité perçue plus élevée, mais uniquement pour une expression faciale neutre, cette relation médiant entièrement l'association entre la recherche de sensations et la réponse d'excitation. Cette thèse de maîtrise fournit les premières données sur la relation entre le trait de personnalité de recherche de sensations et les différences individuelles dans le traitement des émotions chez les autres. Elle ouvre la porte à de futures recherches sur l'impact potentiel du trait de personnalité de recherche de sensations sur le fonctionnement social chez les jeunes adultes. / The present master’s thesis focuses on the potential relation between sensation seeking and the processing of emotional facial expressions, specifically the perception (perceived intensity and perceived valence) and reaction (arousal) to emotional facial expressions in others. We investigate whether individual differences in sensation seeking are related to the variations in perception and reactions to positive, negative, and neutral facial emotions in others. We also investigate if differences in perception have a role to play in the relationship between the self-reported arousal response and sensation seeking. A sample of young adults (N=77) completed the Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSS-V), and rated the intensity and valence of facial emotional expressions taken from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) set. Participants also reported their perceived emotional arousal response to these stimuli. Using hierarchical regressions, we show that sensation seeking is related to higher self-reported arousal response to positive, negative, and neutral emotional facial expressions. Higher sensation seeking was also associated with higher perceived intensity but only for neutral facial expression, this relation fully mediated the association between sensation seeking and arousal response. This master’s thesis provides the first data on the relation between sensation seeking trait and individual differences in processing of emotions in others. It opens the door to future research on the potential impact of the sensation seeking personality trait on social functioning in young adults.

This thesis is focused on the identification of emotional expressions in the human face. The theoretical part includes an introduction to the issue of emotions, the history research on the identification of emotional expressions, the description of the various expressions of basic emotions and their recognition followed with the characteristics of the group of hearing-impaired. In the empirical part the research on the recognition identification of emotions in the face from the portraits is described. The aim of this thesis is to compare the accuracy of identification of emotional expressions among the groups of hearing, deaf and hard of hearing, and their development across all age categories. In my research I focus on the seven basic emotions (fear, anger, sadness, surprise, hapiness, disgust and contempt) and one social emotions (shame). The research did not confirm my assumptions. No statistically significant difference among the three groups in the overall identification of emotional expression was proved. The only difference was in the recognition of disgust which resulted in favor of the hearing. In the general comparison of ages between the hearing impaired (the deaf and the hard of hearing together) any significant differences were not discovered, either. Nevertheless, within each age...

La reconnaissance des expressions faciales émotionelles dans les Troubles Envahissants du Développement (TED) est atypique, contribuant à des difficultés socio-adaptatives y compris dans les TED sans déficience intellectuelle (TED-SDI). Hypothèse : il existe des facteurs de risque ou de protection dans les capacités de reconnaissance des expressions faciales émotionnelles des TED-SDI. Objectifs : 1) caractériser les capacités de 32 enfants et adolescents de 8 à 14 ans avec TED-SDI ; 2) identifier des facteurs de risque ou de protection, comparer nos observations à un groupe contrôle de 37 sujets typiques. Notre étude est transversale, descriptive et analytique. Le critère de jugement principal utilisé est le nombre d'erreurs au DANVA2F, qui évalue les capacités de reconnaissance des expressions faciales émotionnelles de base. Résultats : un nombre significatif d'erreurs plus élevé est observé dans le groupe TED-SDI comparativement à la population normée et à la population contrôle. L'intensité des troubles socio-communicatifs actuels mesurés par l'ADOS constitue un facteur de risque (ORa=2,08 ; IC 95%= [1,02/4,22] ; p=0,006). D'autre part, une faible intensité des comportements stéréotypés et des schémas répétitifs inférieurs mesurée à l'aire 3 de l'ADI apparaît être un facteur de protection (DANVA AF : ORa=0,078 ; IC 95%= [0,007/0,883] ; p=0,02. DANVA CF : ORa : 0,05 ; IC 95%= [0,005/0,44] ; p=0,0004). Conclusion : nos résultats vont dans le sens d'un trouble de la capacité à reconnaitre les expressions faciales dans les TED-SDI et permettent d'identifier des facteurs de risque cliniques de plus grandes vulnérabilités. Perspectives : utiliser un échantillon plus large et développer sur le plan clinique des interventions précoces et multimodales. / Facial emotionanl expression recognition in Pervasive Developpemental Disorders (PDD) are atypic and contribute to social skills difficulties for children and adolescents with PDD, including without intellectual disabilities. Hypothesis: predictiv factors exist in facial emotional expression recognition in PDD. Objectives: 1) characterize the abilities of facial emotional expressions recognition of 32 children and adolescents; 2) identify risk or protective factors in the development of these abilities. Compare our results with a control group of 37 typical peers. Our study is cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical. The primary point was the number of errors in the Danva 2F, which is a validated and standardized assessment tool (basic emotional expression). Results: show that our clinical group made significantly more errors in the recognition of facial emotional expressions than what is observed in population and standardized in our control population. Risk factors of the number of errors made in the Danva are highlighted: the intensity of socio-communicative disorders present as measured by the ADOS (ORa=2,08 ; IC 95%= [1,02/4,22] ; p=0,006). Protective factors are identified, linked to a low of stereotyped and repetitive patterns score below the threshold of the area 3 of the ADI (DANVA AF: ORa=0,078 ; IC 95%= [0,007/0,883] ; p=0,02. DANVA CF: ORa: 0,05 ; IC 95%= [0,005/0,44] ; p=0,0004). Conclusion: results allow us to observe a disorder of the ability to recognize facial expressions in our clinical group and the presence of risk factors and protective factors related to it. Perspectives: use a larger sample to study clinical parameters more related to emotional processing, our clinical work emphasizes the importance of early intervention multimodal, to improve the capacity of emotional processing.

Les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés s'accompagnent souvent de déficits cognitifs et émotionnels. Les plus récents travaux mettent en relation la cognition, la motivation et les émotions dans la présentation cliniques des troubles schizophréniques. L'objectif de ce travail est de décrire les troubles de la reconnaissance des émotions, du sentiment subjectif et des réactions physiologiques liées aux émotions dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. L'influence des troubles cognitifs et de l'apathie sur les processus émotionnels est également explorée. Dans une première étude, nous avons mis en évidence l'introduction de biais dans la reconnaissance des émotions dans deux modalités sensorielles (visuelle et auditive).Dans l'étude suivante, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'influence des troubles des fonctions exécutives dans le sentiment subjectif des émotions. A l'aide d'extrait de films, nous avons montré qu'un trouble des fonctions exécutives pouvait entraîner l'introduction d'un ressenti émotionnel nuancé dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. L'apathie est un trouble fréquent dans la schizophrénie et peut influencer les processus émotionnels. Dans un troisième travail, nous avons étudié l'impact de l'apathie sur les réactions physiologiques induites par les émotions. Nous avons montré que la sévérité de l'apathie était corrélée à une diminution de l'activité électrodermale lors de l'induction d'émotions positives. Les résultats de ces travaux montrent un impact des troubles cognitifs et motivationnels sur les processus émotionnels dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. Ces travaux nous encouragent à explorer les bases cérébrales de l'interaction entre émotion et cognition dans la schizophrénie. Des applications cliniques sont également discutées. / Stabilized schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive and emotional deficits. Recent works adopted a dynamic view of the relationship between cognition; motivation and emotion in schizophrenia. The objective of this work was to describe the impairments of recognition; subjective feelings and physiological reactions related to emotions in stabilized schizophrenia. The influence of cognitive impairment and apathy on the emotional processes was also explored. In a first study on a group of 23 patients with schizophrenia; we highlighted the introduction of bias in the recognition of emotion in two sensory modalities (visual and auditory). In the next study; we investigated the influence of executive function disorders in the subjective feeling of emotions. With film excerpts; we showed that a disorder in executive functions could lead the introduction of a mixed subjective feeling in schizophrenia. Apathy is a common disorder in schizophrenia and may influence emotional processes. In a third study; we investigated the impact of apathy on physiological reactions induced by emotion. We have shown that the severity of apathy was correlated with a decrease in electrodermal activity during induction of positive emotions. The results of these studies show an impact of cognitive and motivational disturbances in emotional processes in stabilized schizophrenia. This work encourages us to explore the neural bases of the interaction between emotion and cognition in schizophrenia. Clinical applications are also discussed.

Emotions and its effect on the individual’s general functioning are a key concept of humanity. The modern child is confronted with all kinds of emotional developmental tasks with direct influence on his ultimate figuration to adulthood. Emotion is an internal experience in contrast to the fact that various reactions are displayed externally as a result thereof. Children’s behavior demonstrates that which are experienced internally. It might also be a way to conceal especially those emotions. Emotional awareness manifests through demonstration or concealing of inner feelings. The child’s external reactions to inner feelings must be based on knowledge of what is being experienced. Behavior is mostly a reaction to ignorance of the inner experience which might manifest in anxiety attacks, anger and emotional episodes. Empowerment of the child to recognize and experience emotions enables him to gain insight of emotions as a natural part of human nature. This causes him to develop the ability to express emotion in a socially acceptable manner. The process of emotional awareness alerts the child to the fact those specific emotions results in specific bodily experiences. Emotional awareness is an indication of the child’s knowledge of emotions and its impact in emotional, physical and psychological reactions. It provides an explanation for anxieties and fears which enables the child to own these feelings and take control of it. The middle childhood phase is the period that follows the achievement of a mass of developmental skills like the mastery of language, control over bodily functions and cognitive abilities. These abilities are refined in this phase. Emotional awareness and especially concepts of self and the purpose of individuals in the systems that surrounds him evolves. Considerable part of the child’s day during this phase, is spent at school. Emotional wellbeing can thus efficiently be recognized and addressed by the educational system. The educator’s knowledge of emotional awareness will ensure meaningful emotional development of learners. Results obtained from questionaires completed by educators in primary education indicates a need for understanding of problem behavior in children. The need for education on emotional awareness and techniques for development of emotional awareness in learners is also expressed. The focus of this study is thus on the concept of educators regarding the emotional awareness of learners; the role of emotional awareness in the child’s development and the educators knowledge regarding development of emotional skills and promotion of emotional awareness. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / MSD / unrestricted

Syfte: Studiens syfte är att identifiera konsekvenserna som kan uppstå för en organisations medarbetare till följd av bristande psykologisk trygghet. Metod: Forskningsstudien bygger på en induktiv forskningsansats som behandlats genom en kvalitativ metod i form av ostrukturerade intervjuer. En multipel fallstudie som behandlar fenomenet psykologisk trygghet i organisationer.  Slutsats: I studien har vi funnit att när medarbetare i organisationer upplever en bristande psykologisk trygghet påverkas deras hälsa genom emotionella uttryck som rädsla, oro, alienation, ilska, skuld, otrygghet och obehag samt att känna sig; sviken, frustrerad, förlöjligad, förminskad och bristande energi. Tyvärr har det inte avstannat vid de emotionella uttrycken utan vi har funnit ohälsosamma aspekter såsom utmattning, stress, utbrändhet, sömnproblem, depression, minnesförlust, synstörningar, smärta och ångest. / Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify the consequences that may arise for an organization's employees because of inadequate psychological safety. Method: The study is based on an inductive research approach that has been treated through a qualitative method in the form of unstructured interviews. A multiple case study that deals with the phenomenon of psychological safety in organizations. Conclusion: In the study, we found that when employees in organizations experience a lack of psychological safety, their health is affected by emotional expressions such as fear, anxiety, alienation, anger, guilt, insecurity, and discomfort as well as feeling; disappointed, frustrated, ridiculed, diminished, and lack of energy. Unfortunately, it has not ceased at the emotional expressions, but we have found unhealthy aspects such as fatigue, stress, burnout, sleep problems, depression, memory loss, visual disturbances, pain, and anxiety.

We human beings are facing a dilemma, as we live in a time and place where we inevitably have to become more stationary in our way of living, as well as make more careful and calculated decisions about what type of products we consume and how. As we are increasingly confined to our homes, our homes are having to act host to all of the activities that we used to leave our home for, such as work, exercise, leisure and more. The need for interior modification is larger than ever, yet the need is conflicted by the threat that product consumption is paying to our climate. This project has explored the technology of augmented reality as an alternative method for interior adaptation, personalisation and creation in existing environments, through a concept called DIGITERIORS. By introducing flexible and digital layers to our static and analog interiors, the concept enables a new interactive dimension of interiors that can be atmospherically optimised and customised for a specific activity, need or mood, innumerable times without having to consume interior products or material. On a larger scale, this project speculates on sustainable and alternative ways of influencing our interiors in the future, using technologies that are already developed, but not yet fully utilised.

A surge of "masculinity in crisis" discourse suggests that men are primarily responsible for lawlessness, social mayhem, violence and other forms of psycho- and socio-pathology. This crisis is attributed, in part, to hegemonic models of masculinity which restrict men to certain modes of behaviour and specific roles in society. This study investigates the content of a group of South African adolescent males' cognitive schemata for masculinity and gender roles. A qualitative mode of enquiry was used to identify the beliefs held by participants about manhood and gender roles. The findings of this study affirm that a hegemonic model of masculinity exists is the sub-culture of South African society represented by the participants and suggests that hegemonic masculinity in South African is both restrictive and damaging to men and society. / Psychology / M. A. (Psychology)

A surge of "masculinity in crisis" discourse suggests that men are primarily responsible for lawlessness, social mayhem, violence and other forms of psycho- and socio-pathology. This crisis is attributed, in part, to hegemonic models of masculinity which restrict men to certain modes of behaviour and specific roles in society. This study investigates the content of a group of South African adolescent males' cognitive schemata for masculinity and gender roles. A qualitative mode of enquiry was used to identify the beliefs held by participants about manhood and gender roles. The findings of this study affirm that a hegemonic model of masculinity exists is the sub-culture of South African society represented by the participants and suggests that hegemonic masculinity in South African is both restrictive and damaging to men and society. / Psychology / M. A. (Psychology)

This thesis explores the role of interaction design in elevating the solitary experiences of music listening by infusing them with the joy and connection typically found in the communal music setting of parties. Drawing upon historical and cultural contexts, the research investigates how music acts as a medium for social interaction and emotional expression, from its political implications in Berlin's techno scene to its power to unite people in clubs and concerts. The project began with a focus on enhancing DJ-audience interactions and evolved into exploring how these dynamic communal experiences could inform the design of solitary listening experiences on digital platforms like Spotify. The research employs a mixed methodology combining auto-ethnography, in-depth interviews, and testing to develop and refine six interfaces that embody the joy of communal music experiences. These interfaces aim to recreate the sense of togetherness and emotional engagement often lost in solitary music consumption. The findings highlight that joy is a deeply personal and context-dependent phenomenon, influenced by the nuances of social interactions and individual emotional states. This insight guides the design of interfaces that adapt to and enhance the listener's emotional landscape. The project contributes to interaction design by challenging conventional design approaches that prioritise functionality over emotional resonance, aiming to serve as inspiration for designs that value emotions as central to the interaction experience. It also proposes future research directions focusing on the ethical implications of emotionally driven design and the potential for these interfaces to foster deeper connections in an increasingly digital world.