Os jogos de realidade virtual (JRV) são utilizados como estratégia complementar de reabilitação motora em indivíduos pós-acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Porém, o impacto cardiovascular e metabólico desses jogos foi pouco investigado, o que é essencial para uma reabilitação completa. Com esse intuito, este estudo avaliou as respostas de frequência cardíaca (FC) e consumo de oxigênio (VO2) durante os JRV, comparando-as ao limiar anaeróbio (Lan) e ao ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR) e calculando o gasto energético (GE). Além disso, investigou-se as respostas da FC, pressão arterial (PA) e duplo produto (DP) no período pós-JRV e a reprodutibilidade de todas as respostas aos JRV. Para tanto, 12 indivíduos (84% homens, 56±12 anos) em fase crônica após um único AVC participaram, em ordem aleatória, de três sessões experimentais, sendo duas delas de JRV e uma controle. Nas sessões de JRV, os indivíduos foram submetidos a 4 blocos de jogos intercalados por 2 min de pausa; cada bloco foi composto por 3 min do jogo Tênis de Mesa, seguidos de 1 min de pausa e 4 min do jogo Boxe (Xbox360+Kinect). Na sessão controle, os indivíduos assistiram a um filme sentados por 38 min. A FC e o VO2 foram continuamente medidos durante as sessões, e a PA e FC foram medidas antes e aos 15 e 30 min após as intervenções. O GE foi calculado a partir do VO2. As respostas de FC e VO2 nos JRV tiveram boa reprodutibilidade (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse > 0,75 e baixo erro médio da medida). Os valores de FC medidos durante os JRV foram semelhantes ao Lan e significantemente inferiores ao PCR, com mais de 50% dos indivíduos apresentando FC abaixo do Lan em todos os JRV. O VO2 medido durante os JRV foi significantemente menor que o Lan e o PCR, com mais de 75% dos indivíduos com VO2 abaixo do Lan em todos os jogos. O GE médio da sessão de JRV foi de ? 4,6±0,1 kcal/min, totalizando 169±11 kcal. Após a sessão de JRV, a PA não se modificou, a FC e o DP permaneceram aumentados por 30 min. Conclui-se que, em indivíduos pós-AVC, a sessão de JRV proposta promoveu respostas fisiológicas reprodutíveis, que corresponderam a uma intensidade próxima e abaixo do Lan, gerando um GE médio de cerca de 4 kcal/min (3 METS) e mantendo o trabalho cardíaco aumentado por até 30 min após a sessão / Virtual reality games (VRG) has been used as a complementary strategy for motor rehabilitation in stroke survivors. However, the cardiovascular and metabolic impacts produced by these games has been poorly investigated, which is important for a complete rehabilitation. To investigate this impact, this study evaluated heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) responses during VRG, comparing these responses with anaerobic threshold (AT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP), and calculating the energy expenditure (EE). Furthermore, the responses of HR, blood pressure (BP) and rate pressure product (RPP) after the VRG session as well as the reproducibility of all the responses to VRG were evaluated. For that, 12 chronic post-stroke patients (84% men, 56±12 years) underwent, in random order, 3 experimental sessions: two composed by VRG and one control session. The VRG sessions were composed by 4 blocks of games interpolated by 2 min of rest, and each block was composed by 3 min of the table tennis game followed by 1 min of rest and 4 min of the boxing game (Xbox360+Kinect). In the control session, the subjects watched a film in the seating position for 38 min. HR and VO2 were continuously measured during the sessions, and HR and BP were also measured before and at 15 and 30 min after the interventions. EE was calculated from VO2. HR and VO2 responses to VRG showed good reproducibility (intraclass correlation index > 75% and low standard error of measurement). HR measured during the VRG was similar to AT and significantly lower than RCP, with more than 50% of the subjects presenting HR below AT in all the games. VO2 measured during the VRG was significantly lower than AT and RCP, with more than 75% of the subjects presenting VO2 below AT in all the games. VRG EE was ?4.6±0.1 kcal/min, totalizing 169±11 kcal. After the VRG session, BP did not change, while HR and RPP remained significantly increased up to 30 min. In conclusion, in post-stroke survivors, the proposed VRG session produced physiological responses that have good reproducibility and corresponded to an intensity near to and below the AT, generating a mean EE of 4 kcal/min (3 METs), and maintaining cardiac work elevated for at least 30 min after its end

Introdução: O gasto energético (GE) dos indivíduos pode ser determinado por diversos métodos, dentre os quais estão a calorimetria indireta (CI) e as equações de predição. Objetivo: Comparar o gasto energético de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) medido através da CI com o estimado pela equação de Harris-Benedict (HB). Métodos: Estudo transversal incluindo 30 indivíduos com diagnóstico médico de DPOC, segundo critérios GOLD, atendidos no Centro de Reabilitação Pulmonar do Pavilhão Pereira Filho e do ambulatório de Pneumologia, ambos do Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, no período de fevereiro à setembro de 2010. O gasto energético foi mensurado pela CI usando monitor específico, assim como predito pela equação de HB. Os participantes também foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, através dos parâmetros de peso, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), dobra cutânea tricipital (DCT), circunferência do braço (CB) e circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), além de aplicação da avaliação nutricional subjetiva global (ANSG), bem como verificação do consumo alimentar. Os valores encontrados foram analisados através do teste t de Student, do teste qui-quadrado de McNemar e pelo método de Bland-Altman, e expressos pela média ± desvio-padrão, com nível de significância estatística p 0,05. Resultados: Do total de 30 portadores de DPOC, 70% eram do sexo masculino com idades de 62,5 ± 11,5 anos e IMC médio de 24,2 ± 4,2kg/m². O gasto energético em repouso (GER) medido pela CI foi de 1.568 ± 234,8kcal e o estimado pela equação de HB foi de 1.312 ± 120,5kcal, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois métodos (p<0,001). Quanto ao gasto energético total (GET), o valor medido pela CI foi de 2.038 ± 305,23kcal e o predito pela equação de HB foi de 2.047 ± 188kcal, sem apresentar diferença estatística significativa (p=0,853) e demonstrando uma concordância de 96,7% entre os dois métodos. Relativo ao diagnóstico nutricional, ao considerarmos apenas o IMC, 3,3% dos participantes apresentavam desnutrição, 63,3% eutrofia, 23,3% sobrepeso e 10% obesidade enquanto que pelo agrupamento de parâmetros (IMC, DCT, CB, CMB e ANSG), 53,3% dos pacientes apresentaram desnutrição, 33,3% eutrofia, 10% sobrepeso e 3,3% obesidade. Conclusão: O GER foi subestimado pela equação de HB, não apresentando boa concordância com o medido pela CI. Quanto ao GET, os resultados foram significativamente semelhantes demonstrando boa concordância entre os dois métodos. Em relação ao estado nutricional, talvez o IMC não seja suficiente para avaliar a real condição de pacientes com DPOC. / Introduction: The energy expenditure (EE) of individuals can be determined by various methods, among which are the indirect calorimetry (IC) and the prediction equations. Objective: To compare the energy expenditure of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) measured by the IC estimate by the Harris-Benedict equation (HB). Methods: Cross sectional study including 30 individuals diagnosed with COPD according to GOLD criteria, seen in the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center of the Pereira Filho and outpatient pulmonology, both of Santa Casa Hospital Complex of Porto Alegre in the period from February to September 2010. Energy expenditure was measured by IC using a specific monitor, as predicted by the HB equation. Participants also underwent anthropometric assessment, through the parameters of weight, height, body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC) and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and application subjective global nutritional assessment (SGA) and to determine food consumption. The values were analyzed using the Student t test, chi-square, McNemar and the Bland-Altman and expressed as mean + standart deviation, with statistical significance level p 0.05. Results: Of 30 patients with COPD, 70% were male, aged 62.5 ± 11.5 years and average BMI of 24.2 ± 4.2kg/m². The resting energy expenditure (REE) measured by IC was 1568 ± 234.8kcal and estimated by the HB equation was 1312 ± 120.5kcal, with a statistically significant difference between the two methods (p<0.001). As for the total energy expenditure (TEE), the value measured by ICwo methods (p <0.001). As for the total energy expenditure (TEE), the value measured by IC was 2038 ± 305.23kcal and foretold the HB equation was 2047 ± 188kcal, no statistical significant difference (p=0.853) and showed a concordance of 96,7% between the two methods. Concerning the nutritional diagnosis, we consider only the BMI, 3.3% of participants had malnutrition, 63.3% were eutrophic, 23.3% overweight and 10% were obese while the grouping of parameters (BMI, TSF, CB, CMB and SGA), 53.3% of patients suffered from malnutrion, 33.3% were eutrophic, 10% overweight and 3.3% obese. Conclusion: REE was underestimated by the HB equation, not a good agreement with that measured by IC. As for the GET, the results were significantly similar showing good agreement between the two methods. In relation to nutritional status, BMI may not be sufficient to evaluate the actual condition of patients with COPD.

Com o objetivo de conhecer a prática alimentar, a atividade fÍsICA e o gasto energético de adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, inseridos ou não no mercado de trabalho, administraram-se questionários auto-aplicáveis a 273 estudantes, do período noturno, de seis escolas da Rede Estadual de Ensino de Santo André - SP. Estudantes trabalhadores (163) , ou seja, que recebiam remuneração por serviços prestados, mantinham-se em atividades ocupacionais pelo período de 40 a 50 horas semanais, percebendo de 1 a 3 salários mínimos por mês. Os meninos participavam, proporcionalmente, mais no mercado de trabalho formal que as meninas. Foram relatadas todas as atividades fisicas desempenhadas segundo número de dias por semana e horas por dia. Entre as várias atividades discriminadas, destacou-se assistir televisão, como prática comum a todos os estudantes, independentemente de gênero e de inserção ou não no trabalho. Outras atividades assinaladas mostraram-se estatisticamente independentes do fato de trabalhar ou não, porém, foi detectada, para algumas, associação com gênero, tais como prática esportiva (meninos) e afazeres domésticos (meninas) . O gasto energético diário referente à atividade física foi estimado com base nos diferentes movimentos, ponderados por tempo e nos fatores atividades da FAO/OMS/UNU. Os valores encontrados foram 3150 e 2160 Cal para estudantes masculinos e femininos, respectivamente. A prática alimentar foi analisada sob o aspecto qualitativo da dieta habitual, utilizando, como padrão, uma adaptação do Food Guide pyramid. Não foram observadas associações estatisticamente significativas entre trabalhar e apresentar dieta inadequada para os grupos de alimento de carnes e de cereais, ao contrário do verificado entre os grupos de frutas e de verduras, cujo teste estatístico indicou haver associação. / A group of 273 students of evening courses of 6 State Public schools, located in the city of Santo André, State of São Paulo, Brazil, was analyzed, aiming to know their dietary practices, physical activities and energy expenditures. One hundred and sixty three adolescents were workers and their occupational activities last for 40 to 50 hours per week; they earned from 1 to 3 living wages. Proportionally, male adolescents were more engaged in the formal workmanship than girls. All their physical activities were described and draw the attention \"watching TV\" as the most frequent for both sexes and workers or not. Other activities were statistically associated to gender but independent to the fact of being a worker (boys were more related to sports and girls to housekeeping). The daily energy expenditure related to physical activities was calculated based on the FAO/WHO/UNU movement-factors indicators, and the values of 3000 and 2100 Cal were estimated for boys and girls, respectively. Dietary practices, by the point of view of quality, were analyzed, using one adaptation of the Food Guide Pyramid. Statistical association was not found between inadequate diets and workers when meat and cereals were observed; the opposite occurred when fruits and vegetables were taken in account, statistical association was detected.

The main aim of the project is to develop an algorithm which will classify the activity performed by a human who is carrying a smart phone. The day to day life made humans very busy at work and during daily activities, mostly elderly people who are at home have an important need to monitor their activity by others when they are alone, if they are inactive for a long time without movement, or in some situations like if they have fallen down, became unconscious for sometime or seized with a cardiac arrest etc… will help the observer to know the state of activity of person being monitored. In this project we develop an algorithm to know the activity of a person using accelerometer available in Smartphone. We have extracted the Smartphone accelerometer data using an application called accelerometer data logger version 1.0 available in Smartphone market and have processed the data in Matlab for classifying the different activities of human being into static and dynamic activity, if the activity is dynamic then further classification into walking or running is performed with the algorithm. We implemented smoothening filters for data analysis and statistical techniques like standard deviation, mean and signal magnitude analysis for activity classification. This classification algorithm will let us know the type of activity either static or dynamic and then classify the position of the user, such as walking, running or ideal, which can provide useful information for the observer who is monitoring the activities of wearer, and which will help the wearer for his daily living. To bring out the extensive use of algorithm and to provide valuable feedback for wearer regarding his activities, energy spent by user during the activities was calculated at a given time using regression methods and was implemented in the algorithm. The developed model was able to estimate the energy spent by the user, the observations recorded were almost similar to the treadmill data which is taken as a standard for our model and the mean error is not more than ±2 for 30 observations. The final results when compared with the standard model was proved to be 93 % accurate on average of 30 subjects data which is used for verifying the algorithm developed. With these set of results we have come to a conclusion that algorithm can be easily implemented in a real time Smartphone application with low false predictions and can be implemented with low computational cost and fast real-time response. In future our classification algorithm can also be used in military applications where one can know what the soldier is doing without actually seeing him and additionally it can be proved as a support system in athlete’s health monitoring and training. / I denna modell har vi utvecklat en algoritm för aktivitetsklassificeringoch energiförbrukning uppskattning , vilket hjälper oss i övervakningen daglig mänsklig aktivitet med större noggrannhet . Resultaten valideras med standard energiförbrukning teknik och aktivitetsklassificeringsvideoobservationer. Vi vill att denna modell ska integreras i smarta mobiltelefoner för att ge slutanvändaren en vänlig atmosfär utan att lägga några komplicerade funktioner för hantering av utrustningen . Denna modell är mycket användbart i klinisk uppföljning av patienterna , kommer det att hjälpa oss att övervaka gamla , sjuka och utvecklingsstörda personens aktivitetsidentifiering och hjälper oss i nära övervakning av patienterna men fysiskt att vara borta från dem . Våra bärbara MEMS baserade treaxlig accelerometer system baserat smartphone kompatibel algoritm tillsammans med andra fysiologiska övervakningsparametrarkommer att ge korrekt övervakning rörelse och energiförbrukning uppskattning för klinisk analys . Denna modell är användbar för analys och övervakning av grupp -och enskilda individer , vilket kommer att leda till att spåra deras rörelser och en framgångsrik räddningsaktion för att rädda dem från dödliga sjukdomar och förebygga risker när de är skadade . Framtida arbete kommer att vara kontinuerlig övervakning av ämnen enskild aktivitet tillsammans med gruppaktivitet . Identifiera hållning övergång av olika aktiviteter i en kort tid som att springa till sittande , sittande till stående , står att krypa etc. / 0091-7660885577

L’objectif de ce travail était 1) déterminer si la prise en charge thérapeutique journalière proposée aux patients en phase subaiguë de l’AVC était suffisamment sollicitante pour atteindre les recommandations à l’activité en hospitalisation 2) déterminer quelles méthodes étaient utilisables pour évaluer l’activité physique et leur utilité dans la prise en charge thérapeutique post-AVC.La population étudiée était constituée de patients en phase subaiguë de l’AVC, hospitalisés dans le service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation. Les résultats ont permis de montrer qu’un tiers des patients n’atteignait pas les recommandations à l’activité physique quand ils quittaient le service et que la majorité de la dépense énergétique (≥ 3 METs) journalière était réalisée en dehors du temps de prise en charge thérapeutique. Concernant les méthodes d’évaluation de l’activité physique, les résultats ont mis en avant que la perception de l’effort ne semblait pas utilisable pour évaluer l’intensité de l’activité physique sur une séance de rééducation et que les actimètres, à l’exception du Armband SenseWear, n’étaient pas précis pour estimer la dépense énergétique journalière des patients en phase subaiguë de l’AVC.Sachant que pour une part de la population les recommandations à l’activité physique ne sont pas atteintes, il y a un intérêt d’évaluer l’activité physique en phase subaiguë de l’AVC, pour notamment contrôler la réalisation de ces dernières. Cependant, que les méthodes d’évaluation soient subjectives ou objectives, il est difficile d’obtenir une mesure précise de l’activité physique au cours de la phase subaiguë de l’AVC. / The aim of this work was to 1) determine whether daily therapeutic care offered to patients in subacute stroke phase was demanding enough to reach hospitalization activity recommendations 2) determine the possible methods to measure physical activity and its usefulness in post-stroke therapeutic care.The studied population was composed of subacute stroke phase patients admitted to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation unit. The results showed that one third of the patients did not reach physical activity recommendations once they left the unit. Furthermore, most of the daily energy expenditure (3 METs) was achieved outside the therapeutic care. Regarding the physical activity evaluation methods, results highlighted that perceived exertion did not seem valuable to evaluate physical activity intensity during reeducation session. Additionally, actimeters were not accurate enough to measure patient's daily energy expenditure except for Armband SenseWear. Knowing that physical activity recommendations are not reached by part of the population, it seems useful to measure physical activity during subacute stroke phase in order to ensure these activities are performed as requested. However, should the evaluation methods be subjective or objective, it is hard to obtain an accurate physical activity measurement during subacute stroke phase.

L’activité physique, couramment exprimée en multiple des besoins du métabolisme de base, induit une dépense supplémentaire en termes d’énergie qui varie selon les exercices pratiqués et leurs caractéristiques. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’estimer la dépense énergétique liée aux exercices d’entraînement chez le cheval trotteur attelé. Pour cela, la consommation d’oxygène (VO2) et la fréquence cardiaque (FC) ont été mesurées en conditions de terrain sur des chevaux trotteurs maintenus en situation expérimentale contrôlée à partir d’un appareil portable de mesure des échanges respiratoires, le K4b² équin et l’Equimask. Les chevaux ont été soumis à quatre exercices d’entraînement utilisés chez le cheval trotteur : promenade, jogging, parcours et interval. Des mises au point méthodologiques se sont avérées nécessaires pour répondre à notre objectif de thèse et ont été menées de manière préliminaire à la quantification énergétique. Nos travaux ont montré que l’utilisation de l’analyseur portable des échanges gazeux permet d’obtenir des données cardiorespiratoires cohérentes, même à des vitesses de course élevées (12 m/s) et ainsi d’estimer la dépense énergétique liée aux différents exercices. Néanmoins pour une application pratique sur le terrain, nos résultats suggèrent que la fréquence cardiaque peut être utilisée pour estimer VO2, sous conditions d’avoir individuellement établie la relation VO2/FC au cours d’un test incrémental spécifique à la discipline du trot. Nos résultats confirment l’intérêt d’investiguer la dépense énergétique spécifique à chaque exercice puisque cette dernière est directement liée à l’intensité, à la durée et au type d’exercice pratiqué. En effet, nous avons proposé des coefficients de majoration de la dépense énergétique liée aux exercices en multiple des besoins liés au métabolisme de base. Les coefficients de majoration correspondent à 1,26 – 1,23 – 1,39 et 1,39 fois les besoins d’entretien pour les exercices promenade, jogging, parcours et interval respectivement. En moyenne, une semaine type d’entraînement chez un cheval trotteur induit une augmentation de ces besoins en énergie de 1,30 fois les besoins d’entretien. Bien que cette estimation nécessite d’être complétée en ajoutant la contribution anaérobie dans la fourniture énergétique mais aussi l’ensemble des pratiques complémentaires exercées par les chevaux trotteurs, nos travaux apportent de nouveaux éléments à la quantification de la dépense énergétique liée aux exercices spécifiques chez le cheval trotteur attelé. / Physical activity, commonly expressed as a multiple of basal metabolic requirements, induces an additional energy cost which varied with exercises and their characteristics. The objective of the present work was to estimate energy expenditure related to training exercises in the harnessed Standardbred trotters. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured in field conditions in trotters maintained under controlled situation using a portable device measuring respiratory gas exchanges, the equine K4b² and the Equimask. Trotters were submitted to four exercises used in the trotter training: ‘promenade’, ‘jogging’, ‘parcours’ and ‘interval’. Preliminary to the quantification of the exercise energy expenditure, some methodological adaptations were needed. Our results showed that the use of portable analyzers provides consistent cardiorespiratory data even at high running speeds (12 m/s) and thus a good estimation of the exercise energy expenditure. However for practical application in the field, our results suggest that heart rate can be used to estimate VO2, particularly when individual VO2/HR curve was established previously. Our results confirm the interest of the investigation of the exercise energy expenditure which is directly related to the intensity, duration and type of exercise performed. Indeed, we proposed coefficients to increase total energy expenditure due to the exercise in multiple to the energy basal metabolism. Coefficients correspond to 1.26 - 1.23 to 1.39 and 1.39 times the maintenance requirements for ‘promenade’, ‘jogging’, ‘parcours’ and ‘interval’ exercises. A typical training week in trained trotter requires an increase of the energy 1.30 times maintenance requirements. Although this estimate needs to be completed by adding anaerobic contribution to the energy supply but also all additional physical activities performed by trained trotters, our work provides new evidence to quantify energy expenditure related to specific exercises in harnessed Standardbred trotter.

L’évaluation de la Distance de Marche Maximale (DMM) des artériopathes claudicants représente un enjeu primordial puisqu'une DMM inférieure à 300 mètres est en faveur d'une prise charge chirurgicale. En routine clinique, la DMM est évaluée par questionnaires, méthode d'évaluation très subjective, ou par tests de marche sur tapis roulant qui sont protocole-dépendants et reproduisent mal la douleur habituelle. Aussi, l'objet de cette thèse est de tester la validité de méthodologies innovantes utilisant le GPS et la mesure transcutanée de la pression en dioxygène (TcPO2) lors d’un test de marche sur tapis roulant à l’égard de l’évaluation de la gêne fonctionnelle à la marche de patients artériopathes claudicants. La première étude montre que les scores au questionnaire EACHQ et la DMM déclarée par les patients sont plus corrélés à la DMM mesurée avec un GPS (reflet du patron de marche spontané) qu'aux scores du questionnaire WIQ, au test de marche de 6 minutes et au test sur tapis roulant. La seconde étude montre l'intérêt de la TcPO2 d'effort dans la détection des ischémies à l’exercice chez des patients présentant des Index de Pression Systolique de Cheville normaux. Les troisième et quatrième études montrent la fiabilité du GPS ainsi que son applicabilité dans l'évolution des paramètres de marche avant et après une revascularisation. Enfin, la cinquième étude suggère que le couplage GPS-accéléromètre permet l’estimation indirecte de la dépense énergétique chez le patient artériopathe. En conclusion, l'actimétrie (e.g., GPS, accéléromètre) et laTcPO2 d’effort constituent des méthodes valides et fidèles pour évaluer la marche de patients artériopathes claudicants. / Peripheral Arterial Diseased (PAD) is a major concern regarding their clinical care since a revascularization intervention is indicated below the cut-off point of 300 m. In clinical routine, MWD is usually assessed with clinical questionnaires, a highly subjective method, and with walking treadmill tests that are design-dependent and that hardly reproduce the usual pain of the patients during the walk. Therefore, the aim of this doctoral work is to test the validity of innovative methodologies based on GPS and Transcutaneous Pressure in Oxygen (TcPO2) during a treadmill test with respect to the assessment of the functional limitation in PAD patients. The first study shows that scores of the Estimation of Ambulatory Capacity by History-Questionnaire and MWD that is declared by the patients are more related to the GPS-measured MWD (that reflects the spontaneous walking pattern) than to the scores of the Walking Impairment Questionnaire, the 6-min walking test, and the walking treadmill test. The second study evidences the relevance of the use of TcPO2 during a walking treadmill test in detecting ischemia during exercise among patients with normal Ankle to brachial Index. The third and fourth studies show the reliability of the GPS as well as its applicability to the evolvement of the walking parameters following revascularization. Finally, the fifth study suggests that the GPS-accelerometer coupling is able to estimate the energy expenditure of PAD patients. To conclude, actimetry (e.g., GPS, accelerometer) and exercise TcPO2 are valid and reliable methods to evaluate the walk of PAD patients.

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise on acute (ad libitum lunch) post-exercise energy intake (PE-EI) and 12-hour energy intake in normal-weight and overweight sedentary males. Accuracy in estimating energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE), solid vs. liquid carbohydrate intake, mood, and perceived hunger were also assessed. The study consisted of two conditions, exercise and rest, with each subject participating in each condition, in a counterbalanced-crossover design on two days. The participants were randomly assigned to either the exercise or resting (seated) control condition on the first day of the experiment, and then the condition was reversed on the second day. Exercise consisted of walking on a treadmill at moderate-intensity for 60 minutes. Eighty males, mean age 30+8 years were categorized into five groups according to weight status (overweight/normal-weight), dietary restraint status (high/low), and dieting status (yes/no). The main effects of condition and group, and the interaction were not significant for acute (lunch) or 12-hour PE-EI. Overall, participants estimated EE for exercise at 46% higher than actual exercise EE, and they estimated EE for rest by 45% lower than actual resting EE. Participants significantly underestimated EI at lunch on both the exercise and rest days by 43% and 44%, respectively. Participants with high restraint were significantly better at estimating EE on the exercise day, and better at estimating EI on the rest day. Mood, perceived hunger, and solid vs. liquid carbohydrate intake were not influenced by dietary restraint, weight, or dieting status. In conclusion, a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise did not influence PE-EI in sedentary males in reference to dietary restraint, weight, and dieting status. Results also suggested that among sedentary males, there is a general inability to accurately estimate calories for moderate-intensity physical activity and EI. Inaccurate estimates of EE and EI have the potential to influence how males manage their weight.

O gasto energético total (GET) pode ser usado como medida da ingestão energética (IE). Existe um constante sub-relato da IE obtida por métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar, mas poucos estudos o investigaram em nações em desenvolvimento. Objetivos: a) comparar a validade das estimativas de IE de um questionário de freqüência alimentar, três recordatórios alimentares e um diário alimentar de três dias, segundo a água duplamente marcada; b) determinar a influência da prática de atividade física, do índice de massa corporal e de fatores psicossociais no sub-relato e; c) comparar as taxas de sub-relato entre agrupamentos de padrões alimentares. Métodos: Sessenta e cinco mulheres responderam aos métodos de inquérito supracitados, a partir dos quais foi estimada a IE. O GET foi medido pela água duplamente marcada. A prática de atividade física, índice de massa corporal, escolaridade, renda, idade, conhecimento nutricional, insatisfação corporal, restrição dietética, compulsão alimentar e o desejo de aceitação social foram correlacionados ao sub-relato. Os padrões alimentares foram obtidos pela análise de cluster. Resultados: O GET foi de 2.622 ± 490 kcal, enquanto que a IE, mensurada respectivamente pelo recordatório, diário e questionário, foi de 2.078 ± 430 kcal; 2.044 ± 479 kcal e 1.984 ± 832 kcal. A proporção de sub-relatores foi de 24,6% para o recordatório, 29,2% para o diário e 53,8% para o questionário (p < 0,005). Os sub-relatores apresentaram menores médias de renda e escolaridade e maiores valores de idade, insatisfação corporal e desejo de aceitação social. O sub-relato foi mais comum no padrão alimentar mais frugal. Conclusão: Os três métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar apresentaram erros sistemáticos, embora o questionário de freqüência alimentar tenha tido o pior desempenho. O sub-relato foi influenciado por diversos fatores psicossociais e variou conforme o padrão alimentar relatado, o que pode comprometer a avaliação do consumo / Total energy expenditure (TEE) may be used as a measure of energy intake (EI). There is a constant underreporting of EI obtained by dietary assessment methods, but few studies have investigated it in developing nations. Objectives: a) to compare the validity of EI estimates obtained by a food-frequency questionnaire, three diet recalls and a three-day food record; b) to determine the influence of physical activity, body mass index and psychosocial factors on underreporting and; c) to compare underreporting rates between dietary pattern\'s clusters. Methods: Sixty-five women completed the dietary assessment methods, which were used to estimate EI. TEE was measured by doubly labeled water. Physical activity practice, body mass index, education, income, age, nutritional knowledge, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, binge eating and social desirability were correlated to underreporting. Dietary patterns were obtained by cluster analysis. Results: TEE was 2,622 ± 490 kcal, while EI, measured respectively by the diet recall, food record and food-frequency questionnaire, was 2,078 ± 430 kcal; 2,044 ± 479 kcal and 1,984 ± 832 kcal. Proportion of underreporters was 24.6% (recall), 29.2% (record) and 53.8% (questionnaire) (p < 0.005). Underreporters had smaller income and education and greater age, body dissatisfaction and social desirability. Underreporting was more common in the \'frugal foods\' pattern. Conclusions: The three dietary assessment methods presented systematic errors, although the foodfrequency questionnaire had the worst performance. Underreporting was influenced by psychosocial factors and varied according the reported dietary pattern, which may compromise dietary assessment

The issue: The issue of lack of physical activity refers to as the population of children and youth, as well as the adult population. Properly chosen and regularly performed sports games in terms of health may make recommendations of physical activity sufficient. This thesis deals with the physical activity of the adult population of women with regular physical activity. Objectives: The aim is to determine the amount of physical activity in the adult population of women with regular organized physical activity, and the results of comparison with older school-age girls without regular organized physical activity. At the same time to relate the observed results to health physical activity recommendations. Tasks and Methodology: Physical activity is detected using accelerometers ActiGraph GT3X supplemented the written record and physical activity. Results: The result of the study confirmed our hypothesis. The women with regular organised physical activity reported significantly higher energy expenditure peer week, work days and weekend days in comparison with without organised physical activity. Women with regular organised physical activity met the health physical activity recommendations in six days from all seven days of measuring. Older school-aged girls met the health physical activity...