La problématique de cette thèse se centre sur la manière dont plusieurs textes de fiction, évoquant des événements emblématiques des années 1976-2001, représentent la loi à travers ses effets discursifs. Lors de l’analyse des effets discursifs de la représentation de la loi dans les textes de fiction certaines questions s’imposent : de quelle manière le discours littéraire configure-t-il les frontières entre l’espace public et l’espace privé, caractérise les espaces rendus visibles ou invisibles, fait apparaître les énoncés refoulés, décrit les individus auxquels il confère la légitimité d'exercer le pouvoir et ceux qui s'y trouvent marginalisés ou définis en tant que criminels. Tous ces éléments sont les effets discursifs de la loi qui non seulement la représentent mais dénotent les intérêts qui l'ont dictée. Nous centrons notre étude sur la représentation de la loi qui dicte la limite interne de l’État évoquée par Michel Foucault dans son concept de biopolitique. Nous analysons différents romans qui abordent les moments les plus représentatifs de la période de notre recherche : la répression militaire, la guerre des Malouines, le retour à la démocratie, l’instauration du néolibéralisme et enfin la crise de 2001. Les romans de Daniel Moyano, El vuelo del tigre, de Rodolfo Fogwill, Los pichiciegos, de Juan Martini, El fantasma imperfecto, de Claudia Piñeiro, Las viudas de los jueves, de Juan Martini, Colonia, et de Pedro Mairal, El año del desierto, guident notre recherche car ils représentent, à travers ses effets discursifs, l’exception de la loi en place. Sur le plan théorique, les conceptualisations de Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben et Andrea Cavalletti sur la violence, la biopolitique, l’état d’exception et la sécurité nous permettent d’analyser le lien entre le texte littéraire et le moment historique. / The central issue of this dissertation focuses on the manner in which several fictional texts, evoking events emblematic of the years 1976-2001, represent the law through their discursive effects. In the process of analyzing the discursive effects of the representation of the law in these fictional texts, certain questions must be posed: in which way does literary discourse configure the borders between public and private space, how does it characterize the spaces made visible or invisible, bring repressed statements to the surface, describe the individuals to whom it bestows the right to exercise power and those who there find themselves marginalized or defined as criminals. All of these elements are the discursive effects of the law that not only represent the law, but also denote the interests that have dictated it. We are centering our study on the representation of the law that dictates the internal boundary of the State evoked by Michel Foucault in his concept of biopolitics. We will analyze different novels that address the most representative moments of the period of our research: the military repression, the Falklands War, the return to democracy, the establishment of neoliberalism and finally the crisis of 2001. The novels of Daniel Moyano, El vuelo del tigre, Rodolfo Fogwill, Los pichiciegos, Juan Martini, El fantasma imperfect, Claudia Piñeiro, Las viudas de los jueves, Juan Martini, Colonia, and Pedro Mairal, El año del desierto, will guide our research since they represent, through their discursive effects, the exception to the law in place. The theoretical ideas of Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben and Andrea Cavalletti regarding violence, biopolitics, the state of exception, and security will allow us to analyze the relationship between literary text and historical moment.

La dictature de la Junte militaire du Chili (11 septembre 1973 – 1990), dont la violence est d’autant plus marquante qu’elle opère dans une période très récente de l’histoire du pays, interroge l’autonomie du système symbolique des textes littéraires produits dans ce contexte. En effet, c’est la première fois dans l’histoire de la littérature chilienne qu’une grande quantité de textes sont écrits et publiés depuis l’exil ou depuis des centres de détention.Considérant ce phénomène spécifique dans son temps, cette étude s’attache à identifier les figures de la mémoire dans le langage poétique à partir de la figuration de la violence, telle qu’elle s’exprime dans la production de six poètes, qui s’étend sur une période de quarante ans (1950-1980). L’analyse de ces œuvres met en évidence la capacité du langage poétique à transcender la codification d’un contexte aussi important qui n’est pourtant pas l’unique évènement marquant de violence d’Etat dans l’histoire du Chili. L’analyse d’un corpus de textes écrits par Nicanor Parra, Enrique Lihn et Jorge Teiller, références majeures de la poésie de Gonzalo Millán, Tomás Harris et Rodrigo Lira, est présentée selon une double perspective, linguistique et socio-littéraire. La première partie de cette thèse mobilise le concept de « sujet en procès », emprunté à la théorie du langage de Julia Kristeva, Cette perspective a pour ambition d’analyser dans quelle mesure et comment la figuration de la violence constitue une parole de la mémoire et un questionnement sur l’identité nationale dans la poésie chilienne. La deuxième partie s’appuie sur la perspective de la « théorie des champs » et du « pouvoir symbolique » tel que l’envisage Pierre Bourdieu pour analyser l’impact du discours historique de l’identité nationale et sa représentation de l’exercice de la violence dans les champs de la production politique et littéraire.Envisagées dans une perspective moins restreinte à leur contexte socio-historique immédiat de production, les relations qu’entretiennent le langage, la violence et le pouvoir figurent ainsi au cœur de cette recherche. / The dictatorship of the military junta in Chile (09.11.1973-1990), the violence of which is all the more striking as it covers a very recent period in the history of this country, questions the autonomy of the symbolical system of the literary texts produced in this context. Indeed,it is the first time in the history of Chilean literature such an amount of texts have been written and published from exile or detention centres.Taking into account that this phenomenon is specific to its period, this study aims at studying the representations of memory in poetic language. It starts from the figuration of violence as it is expressed over a period of forty years (1950-1980) in six poets' production.The analysis of these works highlights the ability of poetic language to transcend the codification of so important a context, which is not, however, the only striking event of State violence in the history of Chile.The analysis of a collection of texts written by Nicanor Parra, Enrique Lihn and Jorge Teiller, major references of Gonzalo Millán, Tomás Harris and Rodrigo Lira 's poetry, is presented according a double perspective, linguistic as well as socio-litterary. The first part of this thesis focuses on the concept of the « subject in process », taken from Julia Kristeva's theory of language.This perspective aspires to analyze to what extent and how the representation of violence constitutes an expression of memory and a questioning about national identity in the Chilean poetry.The second part is based on the perspective of the theory of fields and the symbolic power as seen by Pierre Bourdieu in order to analyze the historical speech about national identity, and its representation of the exercise of violence in the fields of political and litterary production.Considered in a perspective which is less limited to their immediate socio-historical context of production, the relations maintained by language, violence and power, appear at the heart of this research. / Una época tan violenta e históricamente cercana como la de la dictadura de La Junta Militar (11 de septiembre de 1973 / 1990), problematiza, entre otras, la autonomía del sistema simbólico de los textos literarios producidos dentro de ese contexto. A partir de lo anterior, nuestro estudio se interesa en la identificación de la memoria en el lenguaje poético desde la figuración de la violencia, principalmente aquel de seis poetas que abarca un periodo de cuarenta años (1950-1980). El interés del análisis versa sobre la capacidad del lenguaje poético para trascender la especificidad de un contexto tan importante y significativo, que sin embargo no es el único hito de violencia de Estado en la historia de Chile. La relación entre lenguaje poético y violencia se vuelve así central para la presente investigación.El estudio de textos de Nicanor Parra, Enrique Lihn y Jorge Teillier, como antecedentes poéticos mayores para la poesía de Gonzalo Millán, Tomás Harris y Rodrigo Lira, se presenta bajo una doble perspectiva : lingüística y socio-literaria. La primera parte del análisis implica un concepto de lenguaje poético acorde a la teoría del « sujeto en proceso » de Julia Kristeva. Esta perspectiva ambiciona verificar si las figuras de la violencia constituyen un discurso de memoria y de identidad en la poesía chilena. La segunda parte, se basa en la « teoría de campos » y del « poder simbólico » de Pierre Bourdieu, para analizar el impacto del discurso histórico de identidad nacional y la representación del ejercicio de la violencia en los campos de producción política y literaria.

La presente tesis tiene como propósito demostrar que la eugenesia fue abordada de un modo particular en el caso peruano. Así, Carlos E. Paz Soldán (1885-1972) apostó por la educación de las masas como medio para lograr la civilización de los individuos y su progreso genético (entendido como mejoras en la descendencia), a partir de un mayor control sobre sus cuerpos y reproducción. Asimismo, tomó la corriente de medicina social y al higienismo como doctrina, que legitimaron la injerencia de las autoridades en la regulación de la vida privada de las personas. Por consiguiente, el higienismo y la eugenesia fueron de la mano en el propósito de modernizar el Estado y lograr el progreso racial anhelado desde políticas e instituciones estatales vinculadas a la asistencia y prevención especialmente para el caso de las mujeres y niños.

This dissertation examines the scope and limitations of the re-appropriation of the term barbarism by modern Jewish intellectuals in conversation with Third World social movements. Emmanuel Lévinas is my paradigmatic example of this re-appropriation, as his Talmudic interpretations illuminate this process, and his work is located on the axis of the encounter between Jewish and decolonial thinking. I contend that Lévinas follows a classic line of modern European interpreters who expressed their discomfort with the description of the Jewish people as barbaric. While this discomfort can be traced within this orthodox interpretation of Lévinas, I argue that his particular solution for the problem can only be explained by a more heterodox exploration. Lévinas’ positive re-appropriation of the term is part of contextual conversations that he sustained with other peoples characterized as barbarians (i.e. Third World decolonial theorists). While this re-appropriation was originally conceived in order to establish an East-East revolutionary conversation between Eastern European rabbinical interpreters and other radical Eastern projects (i.e. Maghrebi Marxism) it became an East-South decolonial conversation between Jewish and Afro-Caribbean/Latino-American intellectuals. This conversation, however, ultimately challenges the apologetic Jewish re-appropriation of exteriority in the concert of multiple barbarians. I explore the limitations of Jewish thought to engage with this community and cross from an apologetic to a critical barbarism. This dissertation, in conclusion, seeks to make an original contribution in the interrelation between Jewish and post-colonial studies. I aim to do so by first, demonstrating that the Jewish return to classical sources is historically and conceptually a decolonial counter-narrative that was influenced by (and in turn influenced) Third World discourses; second, explaining the reasons and consequences of the persistence of Jewish imagery and influences in Third World decolonial theory; third, exploring the limits of Jewish thinking and the benefits of the expansion of Jewish apologetical dialogues into barbaric critical conversations. And finally, challenging most contemporary scholarship in modern Jewish philosophy, which holds that Jewish thought and the modern re-reading of its sources can only be understood in the context of Western consciousness.

Mexico's Trade Policy During The Pe Kryštof Kozák, Ph.D. Despite the efforts of trading with other countries, there is still a dominant economic dependence on the United States due to the NAFTA agreement. The master thesis studies Mexico's trade policy and its effects on trade during the Peña Nieto administration with particular attention paid to how the government has tried to diversify trade. A descriptive analysis is used with research in exports, imports and foreign direct investment.

The Latin American centennial celebrations of independence (ca.1909-1925) constituted a key moment in the consolidation of national symbols and tropes, while also producing a renewed focus on transnational affinities that generated a series of discourses on continental unity. At the same time, a boom in archaeological explorations, within a general climate of scientific positivism, provided Latin Americans with new information about their ‘grandiose’ former civilisations, such as the Inca and the Aztec, which some then argued for as an American equivalent to ancient Greek and Egyptian cultures. These discourses moved from the political to the cultural sphere, themselves shaping ideas about Latin American national and continental identity. In the arts, and particularly in music, artists as a result began to move from using European techniques and depicting European themes, to produce an art that could be considered Latin American. This dissertation explores discourses surrounding the Inca in particular as a source for the creation of a ‘national’ and ‘continental’ art music during the first three decades of the twentieth century, with a concentration on ‘nationalist’ composers of Peru, Ecuador and Argentina. Three main topics bind together my analysis: interpretations of the Inca musical system, the postcolonial style called yaraví, and the composition of opera. To this end, I look into early twentieth-century writings on Inca music and its origins, investigate attempts to reconstruct it, describe how certain composers applied ‘Inca’ techniques into their own works, and consider how this music was perceived by local audiences. Ultimately, I argue that faced with the difficulties of constructing national unity at the time, the turn to Inca culture and music in pursuit of such unity could only succeed within particular intellectual circles, and that the idea that the Inca example could produce a ‘music of America’ would ultimately remain a utopia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eli Carlos Dal Pupo.pdf: 2976825 bytes, checksum: da1b7c15e1f89917221ca2155e86cc0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-17 / nenhum / This work was elaborated with the objective to show the propose of liberation included in Dussel s Pedagogic and Freire s comparatives elements. Thus, relationship of domination of I from center over the Other from periphery can be transformed through the critical attitude of dominated to not accept the system s impositions. People can only perceive themselves oppressed when learn to see themselves free. In fact, they must develop critical capability to see the world around them. There s the denouncement of oppression as Dussel as Freire and announcement of liberation. In addition, the pedagogic s principle is defended as a thinker as other one as only way that liberation can be obtained. People that seek liberation must, over all, emphasize own culture and critical capability to see the world. Work followed a demonstrative way. From Dussel s theory to practice, Pedagogic with elements of Freire s pedagogy that enrich the practice. Enrique Dussel seeks elements from Hellenic and Semite s culture to understand the latin-american s identity. Both culture base, respectively, domination and liberation. Dussel and Freire find in Semite s éthos the respect by Other, the main attitude to liberation / Este trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de apresentar a proposta de libertação contida na Pedagógica de Dussel e elementos comparativos de Freire. Com efeito, a relação de dominação do Eu do centro sobre o Outro da periferia pode ser transformada a partir da atitude crítica do dominado desde a não aceitação das imposições do sistema. Um povo só consegue perceber-se oprimido se souber ver-se livre. Para isso, deve ter desenvolvido a capacidade crítica de ver o mundo que o cerca. Tanto em Dussel como em Freire há denúncia da opressão e anúncio da libertação. Além disso, tanto um pensador quanto outro defende o princípio de que a via pela qual a libertação pode ser alcançada mais depressa é a pedagógica. Um povo que procura a libertação deve, acima de tudo, primar pela estima da cultura própria e pela sua capacidade crítica de ver o mundo. O trabalho seguiu um caminho demonstrativo. Da teoria de Dussel para a sua prática, a Pedagógica com elementos da pedagogia de Freire que enriquecem a prática. Enrique Dussel busca elementos da cultura helênica e semita para compreender melhor a identidade do povo latino-americano. Estas duas culturas servem de embasamento respectivamente para a dominação e a libertação. Tanto Dussel como Freire encontram no éthos do semita a atitude de respeito pela alteridade, que é atitude imprescindível à libertação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luizmeirelles.pdf: 467053 bytes, checksum: dd3f6164b6d3a07da72cec7ae1b8c115 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-03 / nenhum / This dissertation presents the idea of Justice at the Enrique Dussel s work , by highlighting your own analectic method of destruction of the history of the Ethic, which begins from the recuperation of the ethics content existing at the high-cultures, previous to the Hellenistic world, reaches the Classical Greece, the medieval period, the myth of the Modernity and the Contemporary world, always in view of the responsibility for the Other, which is the basis of the Ethics of the Liberation and of the Justice. In the final part it presents Dussel s proposal for a association founded at the love-of-justice from the basal categories humans, Erotic, Pedagogical and Political, the deflections than those categories have suffered throughout the centuries, the need of their restructuration and the possible ways for ranging that aim / A presente dissertação apresenta a idéia de Justiça na Filosofia da Libertação, de Enrique Domingo Dussel. Considerando que para aquele filósofo a Filosofia se faz a partir da história, a introdução consta de um breve histórico, tanto do filósofo, como da Argentina, os caminhos que levaram o autor deste trabalho a decidir-se pela pesquisa de Enrique Dussel, bem como a exposição da tese levinasiana sobre Outro metafísico e sua influência na teoria de dusseliana. Apresenta, ainda, o sentido e método da destruição a que Enrique Dussel se refere em suas obras, destacando seu método analético de destruição da história da Ética, o qual parte do resgate dos conteúdos de eticidade existentes nas altas-culturas, anteriores ao mundo helenístico, atinge a Grécia Antiga, o medievo, o mito da Modernidade e a contemporaneidade, sempre tendo em vista a responsabilidade diante do Outro, fundamento da Ética da Libertação e da Justiça. Aborda principalmente a crítica dusseliana a Sócrates, Platão e Aristóteles, na Grécia Antiga; Agostinho de Hipona e Tomás de Aquino no medievo; Descartes, Kant e Hegel, no período Moderno; Heidegger, Rorty, Habermas, Taylor e Apel do período contemporâneo.Na parte final apresenta sua proposta para uma sociedade fundada no amor-de-justiça, a partir das categorias humanas fundamentais, Erótica, Pedagógica e Política. Seguindo o método analético de destruição, apresenta a leitura dusseliana de cada uma dessas categorias ao longo dos séculos, indica os pontos críticos de cada período que levam à injustiça e vitimação da periferia e ressalta os desvios que essas categorias têm sofrido ao longo dos séculos, a necessidade de reestruturação e os caminhos possíveis para alcançar esse fim

Literary criticism has attacked more than once the romantic historical novel condemning it because it was presenting both at a time historical events and historical fiction, what was, according to some critics, encroaching upon the verisimilitude of the historical facts introduced in this kind of novel as well as diminishing the quality of the fictional story while hindering the process of creativity of the writers. Of course, the historical Spanish novel has also suffered from these pessimistic judgements, but it has been accused too of being in no way original for it was taken mainly as an imitation of Scott's works. We do not share this opinion, however, and think on the contrary that Spain has produced great historical fictions which are original from the standpoint of their plots and their characters. / In the first part of this thesis we will show how the Spanish hero of the historical, romantic novel is far from the model of hero typically depicted by Scott. The main objective of this study will be to define the entity or the masculine Spanish protagonist of the genre in question. For this purpose, we will compare three protagonists, Usdrobal, Macias and Jimeno, from three chosen Spanish novels, between each other and with other secondary characters, especially with their antagonists. The physical and moral aspects will be particularly underlined as we examine, for example, Lavater's science and, at the same, time, the actions, reactions and attitudes of these protagonists. As a result, we will be able to establish their profile and personality. Parallels will also be made, whenever useful, with other significant Spanish and European characters. In this analysis it will be made clear that these romantic beings who suffer terribly throughout their lives are vulnerable and original in opposition to both the traditional and the Scottian heroes.

This dissertation examines the scope and limitations of the re-appropriation of the term barbarism by modern Jewish intellectuals in conversation with Third World social movements. Emmanuel Lévinas is my paradigmatic example of this re-appropriation, as his Talmudic interpretations illuminate this process, and his work is located on the axis of the encounter between Jewish and decolonial thinking. I contend that Lévinas follows a classic line of modern European interpreters who expressed their discomfort with the description of the Jewish people as barbaric. While this discomfort can be traced within this orthodox interpretation of Lévinas, I argue that his particular solution for the problem can only be explained by a more heterodox exploration. Lévinas’ positive re-appropriation of the term is part of contextual conversations that he sustained with other peoples characterized as barbarians (i.e. Third World decolonial theorists). While this re-appropriation was originally conceived in order to establish an East-East revolutionary conversation between Eastern European rabbinical interpreters and other radical Eastern projects (i.e. Maghrebi Marxism) it became an East-South decolonial conversation between Jewish and Afro-Caribbean/Latino-American intellectuals. This conversation, however, ultimately challenges the apologetic Jewish re-appropriation of exteriority in the concert of multiple barbarians. I explore the limitations of Jewish thought to engage with this community and cross from an apologetic to a critical barbarism. This dissertation, in conclusion, seeks to make an original contribution in the interrelation between Jewish and post-colonial studies. I aim to do so by first, demonstrating that the Jewish return to classical sources is historically and conceptually a decolonial counter-narrative that was influenced by (and in turn influenced) Third World discourses; second, explaining the reasons and consequences of the persistence of Jewish imagery and influences in Third World decolonial theory; third, exploring the limits of Jewish thinking and the benefits of the expansion of Jewish apologetical dialogues into barbaric critical conversations. And finally, challenging most contemporary scholarship in modern Jewish philosophy, which holds that Jewish thought and the modern re-reading of its sources can only be understood in the context of Western consciousness.