The aim of this papper is to investigate how spanish teacher understand the concept of Sustainable Development and how they implement the Education for Sustainable Development in their lessons. For this purpose we have used two different methods: the first was to analyze Swedish school policy documents (Education Act, Lgr 11 and Lgy 11) to see if they promote the Education for Sustainable Development in foreign language classes. The second was to analyze the perceptions of the teachers in terms of understanding and application of Sustainable Development in their teaching. A questionnaire study was conducted with 12 spanish teachers representing 11 secondary- and high schools in Växjö. The questionnaire contains 8 questions about personal information, 3 open questions about understanding of Education for Sustainable Development and 27 affirmations about Sustainable Development which measure teacher´s levels of agreement or disagreement (Likert ordinal scale). The results showes that Swedish school policy documents don´t make it clear that teacher in general and spanish teacher in particular have to educate for Sustainable Development (in the Education Act the words 'sustainable development' are not even mentioned). They also showes that 58 % of the teachers implemet in their teaching the Sustainable Development; 100 % of the teachers consider the lack of knowledge, the lack och time and the irrelevance of Sustainable Development in the spanish lessons as factors who difficult the Education for Sustainable Development; 92 % of the teachers would like to get more education about how to educate for Sustainable Development.

Under de senaste 35 åren har en förändring skett inom branschen med service och reparationer av elektriska motorer, där nu allt färre omlindningar och reparationer genomförs. Antalet aktörer i branschen minskar successivt, och under de senaste 10–15 åren har sammanslagningar av flera mindre verkstäder inneburit att ett fåtal företag numera dominerar marknaden. Mindre verkstäder som håller kvar omlindningar som huvudsysselsättning går i graven, och det blir allt viktigare med förebyggande underhåll och statuskontroller. De reparationer och omlindningar som fortfarande görs behöver numera allt som oftast prioriteras och färdigställas så fort det går, då reservmotorer hos kund blir mer och mer sällsynta. Ett uttryck som används för att beskriva konkurrenssituationen lyder enligt följande: - ”De värsta konkurrenterna är inte andra verkstäder, det är nyförsäljning”.Flera industrier går alltmer mot ett ökat ”slit-och-släng”-tankesätt när det kommer till reparation alternativt nyköp av elmotorer, och ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv kan detta ofta motiveras. Få studier tar hänsyn till miljöaspekten av detta tillvägagångssätt, och denna utredning belyser vilka konsekvenser dessa beslut kan få ur ett strikt miljömässigt perspektiv. Frågeställningen lyder:   Ur ett strikt miljömässigt samt cirkulärekonomiskt perspektiv, när är det motiverat att ersätta en befintlig reparerbar motor mot en nytillverkad?Genom att intervjua tillverkare av elmotorer och kombinera detta med en dokumentstudie har beräkningar av koldioxidavtrycket för ett antal scenarier genomförts. Resultaten visar att utsläppsbesparingar som erhålls vid uppgradering till en ny och mer effektiv motor inte nödvändigtvis hinner kompensera koldioxidavtrycket som uppstår vid tillverkning. Tiden för koldioxidkompensering varierar mellan 0,3–198,7 år beroende på motoreffekt, förbättring av verkningsgrad och elektricitetsmix. Utredningen visar däremot att koldioxidavtrycket som uppstår vid tillverkning av en ny elmotor utgör en liten del av de totala utsläppen som uppstår under hela dess livstid, och att det finns förbättringar av systemet i helhet att ha i åtanke innan motorns verkningsgrad bör prioriteras. Nästa steg i arbetet mot en bättre och mer användbar lösning kan vara att genomföra uppdaterade livscykelanalyser på plats hos större motortillverkare i Europa.  Sammanfattningsvis kan företag verksamma inom reparation och underhåll av elmotorer inte övervinna konkurrensfrågan enbart med den nya kunskap som denna utredning bidrar med. Däremot finns det potential i att genomföra en liknande utredning med fokus på resursförbrukning i stället för koldioxidavtryck. En sådan typ av utredning kan potentiellt användas som argument för att reparation och underhåll bör prioriteras högre än vad det gör i dagsläget. / In the past 35 years, a change can be seen within service and maintenance industry for electric motors. The number of repairs is steadily declining, and several company fusions in the past 10–15 years has led to a situation where a few larger companies now hold a majority of the market shares. Small companies that try to maintain repairs and re-wiring of electrical motors as their main activities are slowly dying, and a shift toward preventive maintenance and status checks is often necessary. Repairs and re-wirings that are still wanted by the process industry often needs to be completed on short notice, due to the declining number of spare motors available at interested companies. An expression that is often used to explain the situation goes as follows:  - “The biggest competitors are not other workshops; it is retailers of new motors”.It is now in many scenarios common to purchase a new motor when an existing one needs repair, and with an economic aspect in mind this can often be motivated. Few studies have taken the environmental aspect of this “wear and tear”-mindset into consideration. For this reason, this study showcases the consequences these decisions can have from a strict environmental perspective. By conducting interviews with manufacturers and combining this with the results of a document study, calculations for the carbon footprint in a number of scenarios has been made.  The results show that the potential carbon footprint saved with a common upgrade varies from 0,3–198,7 years, depending on the power rating, improvement in efficiency and what electricity mix is used during the usage phase. Results also show that the carbon footprint during the manufacturing phase is low in comparison to the usage phase, as well as the importance of improving the whole system before focus is directed to motor efficiency. The next step in this work could be to conduct updated life-cycle analysis for various manufacturers in Europe.  In conclusion, companies with a heavy focus on repair and maintenance of induction motors cannot use the results of this report as an important argument for why repair and maintenance should be prioritized over purchasing a new motor. However, conducting a similar investigation regarding resource depletion instead of carbon footprint could potentially result in valid arguments for repairing a motor over purchasing a new motor.

Yes / Organizations adopt blockchain technologies to provide solutions that deliver transparency, traceability, trust, and security to their stakeholders. In a novel contribution to the literature, this study adopts the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework to examine the technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions for adopting blockchain technology in supply chains. This represents a departure from prior studies which have adopted the technology acceptance model (TAM), technology readiness index (TRI), theory of planned behavior (TPB), united theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) models. Data was collected through a survey of 525 supply chain management professionals in India. The research model was tested using structural equation modeling. The results show that all the eleven TOE constructs, including relative advantage, trust, compatibility, security, firm’s IT resources, higher authority support, firm size, monetary resources, rivalry pressure, business partner pressure, and regulatory pressure, had a significant influence on the decision of blockchain technology adoption in Indian supply chains. The findings of this study reveal that the role of blockchain technology adoption in supply chains may significantly improve firm performance improving transparency, trust and security for stakeholders within the supply chain. Further, this research framework contributes to the theoretical advancement of the existing body of knowledge in blockchain technology adoption studies.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-06-01T13:56:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Gleina Oliveira de Assis.pdf: 4789119 bytes, checksum: ad401f02d37ec2a7c2100604b3c0ea6c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-02T18:03:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Gleina Oliveira de Assis.pdf: 4789119 bytes, checksum: ad401f02d37ec2a7c2100604b3c0ea6c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-02T18:13:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Gleina Oliveira de Assis.pdf: 4789119 bytes, checksum: ad401f02d37ec2a7c2100604b3c0ea6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-02T18:13:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Gleina Oliveira de Assis.pdf: 4789119 bytes, checksum: ad401f02d37ec2a7c2100604b3c0ea6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-08 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this study was to discuss the reality of environmental compensation in Amazonas State, focusing on the case of the Parque Estadual Kapok, recipient of part of environmental compensation regarding the Coari-Manaus gas duct Design. With the title "social and environmental Practice: environmental compensation Project Coari-Manaus gas duct. The case of the Parque Estadual Kapok "lectured on certain questions: how much of the environmental compensation for the pipeline project was destined to the State capital? How does the financial compensation was planned and applied? What are the social impacts that this mechanism causes when your job? The local society has knowledge of "return" that should be given by entrepreneurs under the environmental assaults involved in installing economic activities? The subject researched involves the various facets of a complex issue, among them the protection of the environment by means of existing legislation and the effective observance of human rights. This research assumes theoretical-methodological contribution based on concepts and conceptions of authors such as Clovis Chandra (2003); Enrique Leff (2003), Erika Bechara (2007), Edgar Morin (1990), Fahmy (2007), among others. The study has a qualitative character and followed procedures that resulted in three phases. The theoretical discussion which discusses about the complexity and environmental perception, as well as on the social and environmental perspective. Fieldwork, which brought together the documentary information collection in the environmental agency responsible for environmental compensation in the State of Amazonas (State Secretariat of environment and sustainable development-SDS), as well as semi-structured interviews with technicians of the environmental agency and environmental agents volunteers who reside in the vicinity of the Park. The analysis and systematization of the information collected, and heard in interviews, culminating in the production of the dissertation. We seek, as a matter of fact, not only will outweight the importance of the environmental licensing process for the society and its environment, but discuss and disseminate an important issue and fundamental to the progress of this process, the allocation of environmental compensation and its impacts, be they positive or not. / O propósito deste estudo foi discutir a realidade da Compensação Ambiental no Estado do Amazonas, focando no caso do Parque Estadual Sumaúma, destinatário de parte da compensação ambiental referente ao Projeto Gasoduto Coari-Manaus. Com o título “Prática Socioambiental: A compensação ambiental do Projeto Gasoduto Coari-Manaus. O caso do Parque Estadual Sumaúma” dissertou-se sobre certos questionamentos: Quanto da compensação ambiental referente ao projeto gasoduto foi destinado à capital do Estado? De que forma a compensação financeira foi planejada e aplicada? Quais os impactos sociais que este mecanismo provoca quando do seu emprego? A sociedade local tem conhecimento do “retorno” que deve ser dado por empreendedores, diante das agressões ambientais envolvidas na instalação de atividades econômicas? O assunto pesquisado envolve as várias facetas de uma complexa questão, entre elas a proteção do meio ambiente por meio da legislação vigente e o cumprimento efetivo dos direitos do homem. Esta pesquisa assume aporte teórico-metodológico baseado em conceitos e concepções de autores como Clovis Cavalcanti (2003); Enrique Leff (2003), Erika Bechara (2007), Edgar Morin (1990), Farias (2007), entre outros. O estudo possui caráter qualitativo e seguiu procedimentos que resultaram em três fases. A discussão teórica, que aborda sobre a complexidade e percepção ambiental, bem como sobre a perspectiva socioambiental. O trabalho de campo, que reuniu a coleta de informações documentais no órgão ambiental responsável pela compensação ambiental no Estado do Amazonas (Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável – SDS), bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas com técnicos do órgão ambiental e agentes ambientais voluntários, que residem nas proximidades do Parque. A análise e sistematização das informações coletadas, e ouvidas nas entrevistas, culminando na produção da dissertação. Buscamos, com efeito, não somente sobrelevar a importância do processo de licenciamento ambiental para a sociedade e seu meio ambiente, mas discutir e difundir uma questão importante e fundamental para o andamento deste processo, a destinação da compensação ambiental e seus impactos, sejam eles positivos ou não.

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the teaching that is conducted in relation to sustainable development within the community-oriented subjects for grades 1–3. Both qualitative and quantitative collection methods have been selected to provide answers to the study's purpose and research questions. The primary qualitative collection method used in this study was semi-structured interviews with both teachers and pupils. As a quantitative collection method, a web survey was chosen to strengthen the study's reliability and validity. The collected material was processed by using a qualitative content analysis where the results were categorized into different categories and then presented based on the study's research questions. The study's results show that both teachers and pupils have some difficulties regarding the interpretation of the concept of sustainable development. However, there is some knowledge that in one way or another relates to sustainable development. Teachers around the country participated in the web survey, where most of the participants showed a greater understanding of the concept. The teaching described by the teachers from the study is mainly practical, but also very comprehensive with a great focus on things that concern the environment. The result also shows that the teaching that concerns sustainable development is considered to be important for the continued interest and learning among the pupils in the study. In order to create a meaningful teaching, the participants in the study believe that the teaching must be varied and closely anchored with the pupils where participation is highly valued. / Syftet med denna studie är att belysa den undervisning som bedrivs i relation till hållbar utveckling inom de samhällsorienterade ämnena för årskurserna 1–3. Både kvalitativa samt kvantitativa insamlingsmetoder har valts ut för att ge svar åt studiens syfte och forskningsfrågor. Den primära kvalitativa insamlingsmetoden i denna studie var semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare och elever. Som kvantitativ insamlingsmetod valdes en webbenkätsundersökning för att stärka studiens reliabilitet samt validitet. Det insamlade materialet har bearbetats genom att använda en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där resultatet kategoriserades i olika kategorier för att sedan kunna presenteras utifrån studiens forskningsfrågor. Studiens resultat visar att både lärare och elever har en del svårigheter angående tolkningen av begreppet hållbar utveckling. Däremot finns en del kunskaper som på ett eller annat sätt rör hållbar utveckling. I webbenkätundersökningen deltog lärare runt om i landet, där flertalet av deltagarna visade en större förståelse för begreppet. Den undervisning som beskrivits av lärarna från studien är främst praktisk, men också mycket övergripande med stort fokus på sådant som rör miljön. Resultatet visar också att undervisningen som berör hållbar utveckling anses enligt lärarna i studien som betydelsefull för fortsatt intresse och lärande bland eleverna. För att skapa en betydelsefull undervisning menar deltagarna i studien att undervisningen måste vara varierad samt nära förankrad med eleverna där delaktighet värderas högt.

Denna studie utgår från två utvalda läromedel för undervisning inom hållbar utveckling.En uppgift från varje läromedel genomförs i en elevgrupp i årskurs 3. Syftet är att se vad som är viktigt för elevernas lärande samt vad som tilltalar och engagerar eleverna och om eleverna uppmärksammar uppgifternas syfte. En läromedelsanalys föregår genomförandet av uppgifterna. Denna omfattar aspekter kring språk, syfte, upplägg, undervisningsform, koppling till styrdokumenten, bildernas funktion samt vad som framkommer i en ekokritisk läsning av läromedlen. Elevernas reflektioner visar att de engageras av variation. Det framkommer även att repetition är en viktig del i elevernas lärande, samt att nivån på uppgifterna i förhållande till elevernas förförståelse är en väsentlig del att ta hänsyn till. Elevernas reflektioner och resultatet av läromedelsanalysen ställs mot forskning om hållbar utveckling i undervisning, undervisning utifrån olika texttyper och forskning om inkludering i läromedel. Resultatet diskuteras även utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet. I studien framkommer det att valet av läromedel är viktigt för att eleverna ska ges möjlighet att utveckla kunskaper men även utveckla en kritisk analytisk förmåga. Studien visar att båda läromedlen är relevanta att använda i skolan men att de behöver kompletteras med andra typer av uppgifter för att ge eleverna bästa möjliga förutsättningar för att utveckla kunskaper inom hållbar utveckling.

Uppsatsen ämnar undersöka ett företags implementering av miljöstrategier. Det undersökta företaget är OKQ8. Miljö och hållbarhet är aktuella ämnen inom organisationen och dagens samhälle. Syftet är definiera hur ett “leading the pack”-företag med hjälp av avgörande framgångsfaktorer kan förenkla implementeringen av miljöstrategier. Baserat på fynden i den första forskningsfrågan har fyra avgörande framgångsfaktorer identifierats vid implementering av miljöstrategier. De fyra funna framgångsfaktorerna är (I) tydligt arbetssätt, (II) hög legitimitet, (III) tydlig kommunikation och (IIII) balanserat styrkort. De fyra avgörande framgångsfaktorerna kombinerat ökar chansen till en lyckad strategiimplementering. / Background: The thesis intends to investigate the implementation of a company's  environmental strategies. OKQ8 is the investigated company. The environment and sustainability are important fields within the organization and in today's society.   Purpose: The purpose is to define how a “leading the pack”-company can, with  help from crucial success factors, simplify the implementation of the environmental strategies. Method:The study is a qualitative study. The thesis has a deductive research  approach with some inductive elements. It is a single case study, and the empirical data was gathered through semi-structured interviews.    Conclusion:  Based on the findings from the first research question four crucial  success factors have been identified when a company's environmental strategy is  being  implemented. The success factors are (I)  distinct working methods, (II) high legitimacy, (III) clear communication and (IIII) having a balanced scorecard. The combination of the four crucial success factors increases the chance of a successful implementation of the strategy.