Tyrimo objektas – tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos ugdymo ypatybės magistrantūros studijose.Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos struktūrą, sudedamuosius elementus bei ugdymo ir vertinimo strategijų, metodų ir formų veiksmingumą ugdant magistrantų tarpkultūrinę kompetenciją.Teorinėje disertacijos dalyje analizuojama tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos samprata, struktūra, jos ugdymas skirtingų teorinių ir metodologinių paradigmų kontekste, sąryšis su kitomis kompetencijomis ir skėtiškumo sampratos formavimosi prielaidos. Analizuojama socializacijos ir savaiminio ugdymo reikšmė ugdant magistrantų tarpkultūrinę kompetenciją aukštojoje mokykloje. Identifikuojamos tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos (bendrosios ir profesinės) ugdymo ir vertinimo strategijos bei metodai aukštajame moksle. Empirinėje dalyje, atlikus kiekybinį ir kokybinį tyrimą trijose Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo institucijose, atskleista socialinių mokslų magistrantūros programose studijuojančių magistrantų tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos patirtis ir atskleistos bendrosios bei profesinės tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos ugdymo galimybės monokultūrinėje (institucinėje) ir realioje tarpkultūrinėje aplinkoje. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad tarpkultūrinė kompetencija ugdosi anapus formaliojo ugdymo srities, t.y. jos ugdymuisi taip pat turi įtakos asmens individuali ir institucinė patirtis bei kitos edukacinės aplinkos ir formos (už universiteto ribų, bendruomenėse, įmonėse, socialiniuose tinkluose ir pan.). / Object of the Research – peculiarities of educating intercultural competences in Master’s degree studies. Aim of the Research is to reveal the structure, elements of intercultural competence as well as efficiency of strategies, methods and forms for education and evaluation within the process of educating intercultural competence of Master’s degree students. Theoretical part of the Dissertation analyses the conception, structure of intercultural competence and educating it within the context of different theoretical as well as methodological paradigms, their links with other competences and preconditions for the formation of an “umbrella” concept. Importance of socialisation and self-education in the process of educating intercultural competences of Master’s degree students in institutions of higher education is analysed, intercultural competences (general and professional) as well as strategies and methods for education and evaluation in institutions of higher education are identified. Empirical part reveals the experience of intercultural competence of students in Master’s degree study programmes in Social Sciences from three Lithuanian institutions of higher education on the basis of the performed qualitative and quantitative research; possibilities for the development of their general and professional intercultural competences in mono-cultural (institutional) and real environments are revealed. Results of the Research indicate that the intercultural competence is educated... [to full text]

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Bakgrund. Forskningsgenomgången visade sårbarhet som ett kontextuellt fenomen i möte mellan kontrahenterna sjuksköterska och patient utan att själva essensen i begreppet klargjordes, vilket indikerar att det saknas kunskap om begreppet sårbarhet. Syftet. Studiens syfte var att beskriva essensen av begreppet sårbarhet i omvårdandens sociala kontext, det mänskliga mötet. Metoden. Metoderna har utgått från modellen för begreppsanalys av Segesten (2011) och innefattat en induktiv och deduktiv kvalitativ ansats. Resultatet. (Begrepps)analysen resulterade i följande fynd: mottaglig för att skadas, hjärtesår, själasår, skyddslös; modet att vara sårbar, mänsklig värdighet, lyhördhet; ett ovisst livshot, sveket mot omvårdnadens kärna, den tillintetgjorda identiteten; den djupt mänskliga existensen, önskan om oföränderlighet, riktning mot en definitiv förändring. Slutsatsen. Essensen av sårbarhetens mening föds av människans föränderliga existens. Den föränderliga existensen får sin betydelse av livshot, tillintetgjord identitet och sveket mot omvårdandens kärna, vilket begreppsliggörs av den sårbarhet som uppstår i vårdmötet, uttryckt i orden som att vara hudlös, naken och skyddslös. Klinisk betydelse. Studien har bidragit till att klargöra betydelsen av begreppet sårbarhet inom omvårdnadsprofessionen genom att lyfta fram ordets olika begreppsomfång i olika omvårdnadssammanhang. Den kliniska betydelsen för omvårdnaden men även den generella allmänbildningen är att dess betydelser kan utveckla språket från perspektivet sårbarhet. / Background. The background overview of this research presented vulnerability as a contextual phenomenon in the encounter between nurse and patient. The essence of the concept of vulnerability appeared unclear, which indicates that there is a lack of knowledge about the concept of vulnerability. Aim. The aim of the study was to describe the essence of the concept of vulnerability in a nursing social context, meaning the encounter between humans being. Methods. The methods have been based on the model of conceptual analysis of Segesten (2011) and involved an inductive and a deductive qualitative approach. Findings. The concept analysis resulted in the following findings: susceptibility to damage – heartache, pain of the soul, defenselessness; courage to be vulnerable – human dignity, perceptiveness; uncertain threats to life – betrayal of the nursing core, annihilated identity; the profound human existence – desire for immutability, a direction towards a definite change. Conclusion. The essence of the meaning of vulnerability derives from man’s ever-changing existence. The changing existence gets its significance from threat to life, destroyed identity and betrayal of the nursing core, which is conceptualized by the vulnerability that arises in nursing care encounters, expressed in words like skinless, naked and defenseless. Clinical significance. The study has contributed to clarifying the meaning of the concept of vulnerability within nursing professions by unveiling the word's various dimensions within different nursing contexts. The clinical implications for the nursing care, but also the general public education, is that the word’s meanings can develop the language from the perspective of vulnerability.

Submitted by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T17:32:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-fernando-lopes-de-aquino.pdf: 752465 bytes, checksum: af1e35a4d7627944dafea85c05c353cf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T17:33:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-fernando-lopes-de-aquino.pdf: 752465 bytes, checksum: af1e35a4d7627944dafea85c05c353cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T17:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-fernando-lopes-de-aquino.pdf: 752465 bytes, checksum: af1e35a4d7627944dafea85c05c353cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa procura apresentar uma leitura das Investigações Filosóficas de Wittgenstein, especificando a sua contraposição a um modelo de linguagem especialmente vinculado ao essencialismo platônico. O tema é delimitado por intermédio dos parágrafos 65 a 88 da obra, onde os argumentos do autor se desdobram a partir de concepções como “jogos de linguagem’ e “semelhanças de famílias”. O principal intuito é verificar como esses dois elementos estão estruturados nas Investigações e quais as suas implicações para a filosofia da linguagem de Wittgenstein. / This research attempts to present a reading of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations stating its opposition to certain model of language, especially linked to the platonic essentialism. The theme is defined by paragraphs 65 to 88 of the work, where the author’s arguments unfold from the conceptions of “language games” and “family resemblances”. Our goal is to see how these elements are structured in the Investigations and what their implications for the language philosophy of Wittgenstein

Typically developing humans innately place subjective value on social information and orient attention to it. This can be shown through eye tracking and pupillometry, a method used to show attentional engagement. Social brain development and social preference is present from infancy, and is thought to rely on a carefully balanced network of neurotransmitters and neural connections. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents altered neural systems which cause individuals to perceive and process social information differently, but the neurophysiology of this difference remains unclear. Previous research shows atypical gaze patterns, hyperarousal, and lack of orienting to social stimuli in ASD. Since autism is highly comorbid and shares traits with other neurodevelopmental disorders, it is difficult to distinguish aspects of these social processing differences. This study used a group of 35 neuropsychiatric patients to investigate how individuals with autism process social and non-social scenes. Eye tracking and pupillometry measures were collected while participants observed images of natural scenes with or without a person. Participants with autism did not show a pupillary response to social images and were slower to fixate on the face  region than the other participants. Additionally there were correlations between clinical measures of social functioning and the length of time it took to fixate to faces. The results highlight important distinctions of social processing in autism. This thesis proposes a new perspective of looking at the social deficits present in autism spectrum disorder. It suggests reframing the current discussion from two leading hypotheses to a unified approach and formally considering the limitations of differing types of stimuli.

Plato grammaticus. On the Platonic Concept of epistēmē in the Theaetetus’ Dream-theory”. Theaetetus’ third definition of epistēmē was traditionally labeled as a precursor of the so-called Justified True Belief Knowledge-Model. Nevertheless, Plato’s point in the last section of this dialogue is more elaborated than this classification deems it. I will examine here why and how Plato develops such a strange doctrine as the Dream-theory in order to offer an interpretation of the problem of justification as discussed in the Theaetetus. Thanks to this strategy, I will show that Plato’s Theaetetus aims to prove that the forms are necessary tools not only to justify true beliefs but also, and consequently, to define what knowledge is. The upshots of this analysis with regard to the complex character of the objects of knowledge will lead to a reconsideration of Plato’s theory of knowledge and metaphysics. Additionally, they will result in a better understanding of his contribution on certain epistemological and semantic issues. / La tercera propuesta para definir qué es la epistēmē, que se encuentra al final del Teeteto platónico, fue clásicamente insumida en el elenco de los pioneros de la tesis según la cual el conocimiento debe entenderse como creencia verdadera justificada. Sin embargo, la situación filosófica de este diálogo es más compleja. Me propongo examinar aquí la manera en que Platón presenta a través de la doctrina del sueño –una teoría que exhibe manifiestas similitudes con el atomismo lógico– una discusión acerca de distintas alternativas relativas a la justificación, como estrategia interpretativa para ponderar de qué manera pueden resultar las ideas piezas indispensables de la epistēmē. Creo que ello nos conduce tanto a reexaminar seriamente la teoría del conocimiento y la metafísica tradicionalmente adscrita a Platón, a partir de conceptos como los de parte y todo, como también a valorar mejor la posición platónica acerca de cuestiones epistemológicas y semánticas.

Plato grammaticus. On the Platonic Concept of epistēmē in the Theaetetus’ Dream-theory”. Theaetetus’ third definition of epistēmē was traditionally labeled as a precursor of the so-called Justified True Belief Knowledge-Model. Nevertheless, Plato’s point in the last section of this dialogue is more elaborated than this classification deems it. I will examine here why and how Plato develops such a strange doctrine as the Dream-theory in order to offer an interpretation of the problem of justification as discussed in the Theaetetus. Thanks to this strategy, I will show that Plato’s Theaetetus aims to prove that the forms are necessary tools not only to justify true beliefs but also, and consequently, to define what knowledge is. The upshots of this analysis with regard to the complex character of the objects of knowledge will lead to a reconsideration of Plato’s theory of knowledge and metaphysics. Additionally, they will result in a better understanding of his contribution on certain epistemological and semantic issues. / Siendo el símil de la línea un mero esbozo, deja muchos temas por esclarecer. El autor intenta echar luces sobre algunos de ellos apoyándose en otros pasajes de la República. Así, propone una correspondencia entre la reflexión sobre la estructura del alma en base al principio de no-contradicción y el segmento de la línea correspondiente a la dianoia, y analiza el curriculum matemático del filósofo para intentar precisar la naturaleza de las imágenes a las que se refiere la eikasia y la naturaleza de los entes matemáticos como objetos de la dianoia.

[pt] Este trabalho tem por objetivo pensar uma possibilidade: a da existência de um olhar cujos fundamentos não estejam localizados no campo social e no campo da cultura. Motiva- se pela idéia de que o olhar manifesto por um sujeito não nasce pronto - ou seja, não é um traço ou uma qualidade acabada que o sujeito traz consigo ao nascer -, contudo, também não seria o estrito produto do meio no qual ele se insere, mas algo que vai se formando e se transformando aos poucos (e sempre), em função de um cruzamento entre essência e cultura. O exercício do olhar situar-se-ia, então, no espaço de interseção entre algo que vem de nós e algo que nos vem de fora, entre algo intrínseco à cada indivíduo e algo referente ao mundo exterior; entre uma essência e a ação promovida pela cultura, pela sociedade e pela experiência vivida no cotidiano. A exploração do tema transcorre por vias diversas: como o pensamento filosófico, as ciências biológicas, a crença religiosa e o senso comum, pelas quais busca-se apresentar e discutir possibilidades que permitam pensar a validade de um olhar não cultural. Como estudo de caso, é proposto uma sistematização do pensamento de Wassily Kandinsky. Considerando que olhar e representar sejam formas de construção da realidade, o objetivo é buscar compreender como Kandinsky olhava e como representava o mundo e, em que medida, pode-se encontrar uma correspondência entre o seu modelo teórico e a sua forma de representar. / [en] This dissertation aims at examining the possibility of conceiving a form of perception that would not be based on cultural and social structures and influences. It is motivated by the idea that perception, as experienced by an individual, is not born with him - it is not a skill that man brings with him when he is born -, however, it is also not a strict product of the environment where he lives, but something that keeps growing and constantly taking form, due to the crossing between essence and culture. The exercise of perception is located in the intersection of something that comes from our inner essence and something that comes from outside, something that belongs to each individual and something that refers to the external world, between an essence and the action promoted by culture, society and the experiences of daily life. The development of this theme is pursued along different paths and references: philosophical thought, biological sciences, faith and common sense, thus making it possible to examine and to discuss the validity of a non- cultural form of perception. A systematization of Wassily Kandinskys ideas is proposed as a case study. Considering that perception and representation are forms of construction of reality, the aim is to try to understand how Kandinsky looked at, and how he represented the world, and if there was a relation between his theoretical model and his form of representation.

Abuse negatively affects women living with HIV and AIDS. It can be a hindrance to living positively with the disease. Little is known about the essence of living with HIV, AIDS and abuse among women. The purpose of this study was to develop and refine guidelines for assessment of abuse in women living with HIV and AIDS. The objectives were to explore and describe the experiences of the women in Lilongwe, Malawi and to develop and refine guidelines for assessment of abuse in the women. In phase 1 of the study, descriptive phenomenology as espoused in life world research was used. Data were gathered using unstructured interviews from a purposefully selected sample of 12 women living with HIV and AIDS who had encountered abuse. The data were analysed using qualitative methods. The women’s experiences were characterized by humiliation from partners, families, neighbours and friends; hopelessness and blame. Harm emanated from being beaten, stress suffered from the abuse, interrupted antiretroviral drugs and possible re-infection with HIV due to unprotected sex. Abandonment of the women by their husbands and families was a common occurrence. Phase 2 of the study was the development of guidelines that can be used with women who experience abuse while living with HIV and AIDS. The guidelines were based on discussion of the findings of phase 1 in the context of an extensive literature review on the constituents. Modified Delphi technique was utilized to refine the draft guidelines. Two rounds were used to finalize the guidelines by a panel of ten experts who were purposefully selected based on their involvement in issues of gender-based violence, HIV and AIDS. The study findings though applicable to the context of the study, can be transferable to similar contexts. Recommendations made include validating the assessment guidelines and testing them in practice to evaluate the applicability and feasibility of using the guidelines. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Nursing Science / unrestricted