Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-03T22:46:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoFranciscoXavier_DISSERT.pdf: 923146 bytes, checksum: c0238dcb8801e0f87397d8417f0eb689 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-11T20:33:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoFranciscoXavier_DISSERT.pdf: 923146 bytes, checksum: c0238dcb8801e0f87397d8417f0eb689 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T20:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoFranciscoXavier_DISSERT.pdf: 923146 bytes, checksum: c0238dcb8801e0f87397d8417f0eb689 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / Em teoria da prova, o teorema da elimina??o do corte (ou Hauptsatz, que significa resultado principal) ? de suma import?ncia, uma vez que, em geral, implica na consist?ncia e na propriedade subf?rmula para um dado sistema. Ele assinala que qualquer prova em c?lculo de sequentes que faz uso da regra do corte pode ser substitu?da por outra que n?o a utiliza. A prova procede por indu??o na ordem lexicogr?fica (peso da f?rmula, altura do corte) e gera m?ltiplos casos quando a f?rmula de corte ? ou n?o principal. De forma geral, deve-se considerar a ?ltima regra aplicada nas duas premissas imediatamente depois de aplicar a regra do corte, o que gera um n?mero consider?vel de situa??es. Por essa raz?o, a demonstra??o poderia ser propensa a erros na hip?tese de recorremos a uma prova informal. A l?gica linear (LL) ? uma das l?gicas subestruturais mais significativas e a regra do corte ? admiss?vel no seu c?lculo de sequentes. Ela ? um refinamento do modelo cl?ssico e intuicionista. Sendo uma l?gica sens?vel ao uso de recursos, LL tem sido amplamente utilizada na especifica??o e verifica??o de sistemas computacionais. ? vista disso, se torna relevante sua abordagem neste trabalho. Nesta disserta??o, formalizamos, em Coq, tr?s c?lculos de sequentes para a l?gica linear e provamos que s?o equivalentes. Al?m disso, provamos metateoremas tais como admissibilidade da regra do corte, generaliza??o das regras para axioma inicial, ! e copy e invertibilidade das regras para os conectivos ?, ?, & e ?. No tocante ? invertibilidade, demonstramos uma vers?o por indu??o sobre a altura da deriva??o e outra com aplica??o da regra do corte, o que nos possibilitou conferir que, em um sistema que satisfaz Hauptsatz, a regra do corte simplifica bastante as provas em seu c?lculo de sequentes. Com a finalidade de atenuar o n?mero dos diversos casos, desenvolvemos v?rias t?ticas em Coq que nos permite realizar opera??es semiautom?ticas. / In proof theory, the cut-elimination theorem (or Hauptsatz, which means main result) is of paramount importance since it implies the consistency and the subformula property for the given system. This theorem states that any proof in the sequent calculus that makes use of the cut rule can be replaced by other that does not make use of it. The proof of cut-elimination proceeds by induction on the lexicographical order (formula weight, cut height) and generates multiple cases, considering for instance, when the formula generated by the cut rule is, or is not, principal. In general, one must consider the last rule applied in the two premises immediately after applying the cut rule (seeing the proof bottom-up). This thus generates a considerable amount of cases. For this reason, the proof of cut-elimination includes several cases and it could be error prone if we use an informal proof. Linear Logic (LL) is one of the most significant substructural logics and the cut rule is admissible in its sequent calculus. LL is a refinement of the classical and the intuitionistic model. As a resource sensible logic, LL has been widely used in the specification and verification of computer systems. In view of this, it becomes relevant the study of this logic in this work. In this dissertation we formalize three sequent calculus for linear logic in Coq and prove all of them equivalent. Additionally, we formalize meta-theorems such as admissibility of cut, generalization of initial rule, bang and copy and invertibility of the rules for the connectives par, bot, with and quest. Regarding the invertibility, we demonstrate this theorem in two different ways: a version by induction on the height of the derivation and by using the cut rule. This allows us to show how the cut rule greatly simplifies the proofs in the sequent calculus. In order to mitigate the number of several cases in the proofs, we develop several tactics in Coq that allow us to perform semi-automatic reasoning.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-17T23:56:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLuizBarbosaDeLima_TESE.pdf: 3722286 bytes, checksum: a179c924652c5e1a16e24883c8fbd470 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-24T18:36:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLuizBarbosaDeLima_TESE.pdf: 3722286 bytes, checksum: a179c924652c5e1a16e24883c8fbd470 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T18:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLuizBarbosaDeLima_TESE.pdf: 3722286 bytes, checksum: a179c924652c5e1a16e24883c8fbd470 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / As limita??es de atividades s?o dificuldades que um indiv?duo pode apresentar ao realizar determinadas tarefas da vida cotidiana e determina parte do estado de incapacidade do indiv?duo. No Brasil, a preval?ncia de limita??es de atividades chega a 32% da popula??o de pessoas idosas. Conhecer as preval?ncias de limita??es de atividades em termos de capacidade funcional da pessoa idosa e analisar as associa??es entre capacidade funcional e as caracter?sticas sociodemogr?ficas e econ?micas dos indiv?duos, bem como as caracter?sticas ecol?gicas de desigualdade social de g?nero e socioecon?micas no ?mbito das Unidades Federativas Brasileiras s?o pe?as fundamentais para a estrutura??o das a??es de assist?ncia e vigil?ncia em sa?de. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi criar um ?ndice de capacidade funcional e, desta forma, poder estimar a magnitude das diferen?as de g?nero na capacidade funcional entre as pessoas idosas e examinar se estas diferen?as poderiam estar associadas a fatores contextuais socioecon?micos e de desigualdade social de g?nero em n?vel das Unidades Federativas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e ecol?gico de base populacional que incluiu os residentes com 60 ou mais anos de idade participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Sa?de, conduzida em 2013, no Brasil. O ?ndice de capacidade funcional foi constru?do e validado a partir de um modelo de cr?dito parcial generalizado de teoria de resposta ao item, atendidos os pressupostos de dimensionalidade do espa?o latente e independ?ncia local estoc?stica. Foram estimadas as diferen?as de g?nero na capacidade funcional em cada Unidade Federativa. Para determinar se as vari?veis contextuais socioecon?micas e de desigualdade social de g?nero foram associadas com as diferen?as de g?nero na capacidade funcional, foram ajustados modelos de regress?o linear multin?vel com efeitos de intera??o de n?vel cruzado, controlados por vari?veis em n?vel individual e contextual, produzindo os coeficientes e respectivos intervalos de confian?a de 95%. Para o Brasil, os resultados indicaram que 17% dos idosos apresentaram alguma limita??o em atividades b?sicas da vida di?ria e 29% nas atividades instrumentais da vida di?ria. As mulheres apresentaram desvantagens em capacidade funcional maiores que os homens e encontrou-se no grupo de idosos octogen?rios uma preval?ncia de 70% nas limita??es de atividades. Os menores ?ndices de capacidade funcional foram encontrados entre os idosos com idade mais avan?ada, principalmente o grupo dos octogen?rios e analfabetos. Observou-se que as Regi?es Norte e Nordeste apresentaram maiores desvantagens na capacidade funcional, principalmente entre as mulheres. O Amazonas, Rio Grande do Norte, Para?ba e Alagoas detiveram as piores condi??es de capacidade funcional entre os idosos. Al?m disso, em Alagoas, Maranh?o e Pernambuco as magnitudes das diferen?as de g?nero, em desfavor das mulheres, foram maiores. Com base nos resultados encontrados, a hip?tese deste estudo foi confirmada ao demonstrar que as Unidades Federativas Brasileiras com maiores diferen?as de g?nero em capacidade funcional foram aquelas com as maiores desigualdades sociais de g?nero, sendo amplamente influenciadas pelas maiores desigualdades de renda. / Activity limitations are difficulties an individual may have to perform certain tasks of daily life and determines part of the individual's disability status. In Brazil, the prevalence of activity limitation reaches 32% of the population of elderly people. Knowing the prevalence of activity limitations in terms of functional capacity of the elderly and to examine the associations between functional capacity and socio-demographic and economic characteristics of individuals, as well as the social gender inequality and socioeconomic characteristics within the Brazilian Federative Units are fundamental to the structure of assistance actions and health surveillance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to create the functional capacity index and thus able to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in functional capacity among the elderly and examine whether these differences could be associated with social gender inequality and socioeconomic contextual factors in terms of Federative Units. This is a cross-sectional and ecological population-based study that included residents aged 60 years old participating in the National Health Survey, conducted in 2013, in Brazil. The functional capacity index was developed and validated from a generalized partial credit model of item response theory, provided the assumptions of dimensionality of the latent space and stochastic local independence. Gender differences were estimated in functional capacity in each Federative Unit. To determine if the social gender inequality and socioeconomic contextual variables were associated with gender differences in functional capacity were adjusted multilevel linear regression models with cross-level interaction, controlled by individual- and contextual-level variables, which yielded coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals. For Brazil, the results indicated that 17% of the elderly had some limitation in activities of daily living and 29% in instrumental activities of daily living. Women had higher functional capacity disadvantages than men and was found in the group of octogenarians a prevalence of 70% in activity limitations. The smallest functional capacity indexes were found among older people with older age, especially the group of octogenarians and illiterate. It was noted that the North and Northeast Region had greater disadvantages in functional capacity, especially among women. Amazonas, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba and Alagoas detained the worst conditions of functional capacity among the elderly. Moreover, in Alagoas, Pernambuco and Maranhao the magnitude of gender differences, in disadvantage for women, were higher. Based on these results, the hypothesis of this study was confirmed by demonstrating that the Brazilian Federative Units with the largest gender differences in functional capacity were those with the greatest social inequalities of gender, being largely influenced by higher income inequality.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:22:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JordaniaFurtadoDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 977757 bytes, checksum: 1ee1444f855c47f4b9e1c80e2d6d0012 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T21:19:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JordaniaFurtadoDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 977757 bytes, checksum: 1ee1444f855c47f4b9e1c80e2d6d0012 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T21:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JordaniaFurtadoDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 977757 bytes, checksum: 1ee1444f855c47f4b9e1c80e2d6d0012 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-27 / Experimentos fatoriais completos e fracionados com dois n?veis s?o muito usados em diversas ?reas do conhecimento e, especialmente na ind?stria. Para analisar tais experimentos ? necess?rio que todas as combina??es planejadas de tratamentos sejam executadas e as respostas sejam obtidas. No entanto, na pr?tica, muitos experimentos deixam de ser completados devido a problemas de log?stica, tempo, ou limita??es do or?amento. Esses experimentos s?o chamados de incompletos. Com o intuito de analisar adequadamente tais experimentos, diferentes m?todos s?o propostos na literatura. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar, comparar e fazer reflex?es cr?ticas de m?todos para estimar dados perdidos em experimentos fatoriais com dois n?veis. / Two-level full and fractional factorial designs are widely used in various fields, especially in industry. To analyze such experiments it is necessary that all planned treatment combinations are performed and the responses are obtained. However, in practice, many experiments fail to be completed due to logistical problems, time or budget constraints. These experiments are called incomplete. To properly analyze such experiments, diferent methods are proposed in the literature. This study aims to present, compare and make critical re ections about methods for estimating missing data in two-level factorial experiments.

This paper aims to investigate the change in corporate debt levels in South Africa from 1994 to 2016, included is an analysis of factors that firms take into consideration when determining the company’s capital structure. This study uses data from firms in the Real Estate and REIT, Travel and Leisure and Construction and Materials sectors listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). Four different leverage measures are used to determine the change in capital structure for the period under review, as well as six of the most commonly used determinants of capital structure. A high level interpretation of the results reflected the following; an increase in the use of debt in the Travel and Leisure and Construction and Materials Sectors, however a significant decrease in the use of debt relative to equity was seen in the Real Estate and REIT Sector thus skewing the Total Sample findings considerably. An increase in the use of long term debt relative to short term was also found. Results from the analysis of the capital structure determinants varied, with some determinants showing statistical significance. The following determinants were positively related to debt; firm size, asset tangibility and growth while the determinants; cost of debt and tax had a negative relationship. The relationship between profitability and leverage was varied.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:12:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438965.pdf: 813442 bytes, checksum: b32342c677d5b6de8f1ce5d874fc241a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / This paper aims to analyze the contributions of a Learning Unit for the application of statistical concepts using the spreadsheet. The field research was conducted with students in their sixth year of elementary school in a school hall on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. The analysis was the identification of students' prior knowledge of statistical concepts and computer use. From the responses received to a questionnaire given initial investigation is the preparation and organization of the Learning Unit. Based on observations of teacher and researcher in the analysis of the materials produced by students, we investigate how is the understanding of statistical concepts through a Learning Unit with the use of spreadsheet features. The results showed a trend in the level of statistical literacy of participating students, it also noted positive changes in behavioral terms and their relationships in the group. / O presente trabalho objetiva investigar as contribui??es de uma Unidade de Aprendizagem para a aplica??o de conceitos estat?sticos com o uso da planilha. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada com alunos do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola municipal na periferia da regi?o metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. A an?lise partiu da identifica??o dos conhecimentos pr?vios dos alunos sobre conceitos estat?sticos e a utiliza??o do computador. A partir das respostas obtidas em um question?rio de investiga??o inicial, deu-se a elabora??o e organiza??o da Unidade de Aprendizagem. Com base nas observa??es da professora pesquisadora e na an?lise dos materiais produzidos pelos discentes, investigou-se como se d? a compreens?o sobre os conceitos estat?sticos por meio de uma Unidade de Aprendizagem com o uso da planilha. Os resultados apontaram para uma evolu??o no n?vel de letramento estat?stico dos estudantes participantes e se observou, tamb?m, mudan?as positivas em termos comportamentais e de conviv?ncia em grupo.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-10-09T21:51:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_LUISA RAMOS.pdf: 12171909 bytes, checksum: dfd039e3c7457072b9d4c4c178c30162 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T21:51:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_LUISA RAMOS.pdf: 12171909 bytes, checksum: dfd039e3c7457072b9d4c4c178c30162 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-10 / Amaranthaceae is a family of about 180 genera and 2,500 species, divided in 8 subfamilies, and distributed in tropical and temperate areas of both hemispheres. It represents the most species-rich lineage within the Caryophyllales. For Brazil are recognized 158 species in 27 genera, with three endemic, and most of them included in Gomphrenoideae.This subfamily includes two major Brazilian genera,Gomphrena with 45 species and Alternanthera with 36 species. Alternanthera is a monophyletic group of about 100 species of pantropical distribution, characterized by sessile or pedunculate axillaryinflorescences, with the partial inflorescence unit reduced to a single flower. Flowers are sessile or pedicellate, protected by a bract and two bracteoles, bisexual, with (4-)5 tepals, (4-)5 stamens, with fused filaments forming a basal tube, free towards the tube end and alternating with pseudo-staminodes.The latest revision of Alternanthera for Brazil dates backto that of the Flora Brasiliensis,of more than 160 years ago, fully justifyinga new revision, the principal objective of our thesis. It isdivided into four chapters, followingan introduction. Chapter 1 includes a morphological study of the Alternanthera species in Brazil, using 107 characters, of which 99 were considered informative and have been evaluated using DELTA, resulting in a description of vegetative and floral organs of Alternanthera,with the focuson the most important of them for the group's taxonomy anda discussionof their terminology.Chapter 2 isa study of the Alternanthera brasiliana complex of five species, using the statistical exploratory analysis. Only four species in the complexwere recognized, with a proposalto synonymize Alternanthera ramosissimatoA. brasiliana.Chapter 3 is the text of a paperon the new species Alternanthera catingae, submitted for publication in Phytotaxa. Chapter 4 is a revision of the Brazilian species of Alternanthera, based on the study of 1,900 specimens deposited in 19 herbaria and using the adopted typological species concept.In addition to the traditional revisionary methodology, modernanalytic tools were used inthe evaluation of species occurring in Brazil. We recognized 35 species, with one, A.catingae, new to science, synonymizedsix species, and made one new combination. The work should be an important contributionto the study of the Brazilian Amaranthaceae, especially in terms of reaching the objective of making the Flora of Brazil go online in 2020. / As Amaranthaceae constituem uma fam?lia com cerca de 180 g?neros e 2.500 esp?cies, com distribui??o nas faixas tropicais e temperadas dos dois hemisf?rios e representam a mais rica linhagem de esp?cies dentre as Caryophyllales. Inclui 8 subfam?lias . Para o Brasil s?o referidas 158 esp?cies distribu?das em 27 g?neros, dos quais tr?s s?o end?micos, grande parte desses g?neros s?o inclu?dos em Gomphrenoideae. Esta subfam?lia inclui os maiores g?neros representados no Brasil, Gomphrena com 45 esp?cies e Alternanthera com 36 esp?cies. Alternanthera ? um grupo monofil?tico com cerca de 100 esp?cies, possui distribui??o pantropical e ? caracterizado por apresentar infloresc?ncias axilares, s?sseis ou pedunculadas, com unidade parcial da infloresc?ncia reduzida a ?nica flor. As flores s?o s?sseis ou pediceladas, protegidas por uma br?ctea e duas bract?olas, bissexuadas, com (4?)5 t?palas, (4?)5 estames com filetes fundidos formando um tubo basal, livres acima do tubo e alternados com pseudo-estamin?dios. A ?ltima revis?o de Alternanthera para o Brasil foi elaborada para a Flora brasiliensis mais de 160 anos atr?s, justificando-se plenamente a nova revis?o proposta, que ? o principal objetivo desta tese. Os resultados obtidos encontram-se distribu?dos em quatro cap?tulos, que se seguem ap?s a Introdu??o. No Cap?tulo 1 ? apresentado o estudo morfol?gico das esp?cies de Alternanthera do Brasil, onde foram levantados 107 caracteres dos quais 99 foram considerado informativos e foram avaliados utilizando o Programa DeLTA. Como resultado, ? produzida uma descri??o dos ?rg?os vegetativos e florais de Alternanthera destacando os mais importantes para taxonomia do grupo, bem como uma discuss?o dos diferentes termos utilizados na morfologia do grupo. No Cap?tulo 2 ? apresentado o estudo do ?complexo Alternanthera brasiliana? composto por cinco esp?cies, atrav?s da abordagem de estat?stica explorat?ria. Como resultado foram reconhecidas apenas quatro esp?cies no grupo, com a proposta de sinonimiza??o de Alternanthera ramosissima em A. brasiliana. No Cap?tulo 3 ? inclu?do o texto original da nova esp?cie Alternanthera catingae, enviado para publica??o na revista Phytotaxa. No Cap?tulo 4 ? apresentada a revis?o das esp?cies brasileiras de Alternanthera realizada a partir da an?lise de mais de 1900 esp?cimes do g?nero, depositados em 19 herb?rios, com a utiliza??o do conceito tipol?gico de esp?cies. Al?m da metodologia tradicional utilizada em trabalhos de revis?o, foram utilizadas tamb?m ferramentas diferenciadas para an?lise e avalia??o das esp?cies que ocorrem no Brasil. Foram reconhecidas 35 esp?cies, das quais uma nova para a ci?ncia, A.catingae, seis sin?nimos de esp?cies cujos tipos s?o do p?is, e uma nova combina??o. O trabalho aqui apresentado se constitui um importante avan?o para o estudo das Amaranthaceae brasileiras, especialmente visando a flora do Brasil on line para 2020.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reinaldo_Putvinskis.pdf: 679319 bytes, checksum: 02c8bbab1d2315d5b6608efcc070b27d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-10 / The purpose of this work is to determine what is being taught in the discipline of Statistic in the Business Administration courses of the city of S??o Paulo. This study begins with an explanation of the development of the college education and of Business Administration courses in Brazil. It analyzes the planing of the Business Administration course in an attempt to verify whether the teaching of Statistics complies with the current legislation. It examines the proposals of the Curricula Guidelines, which have been submitted to the Ministry of Education - MEC for approval. The methodology used in this study included surveying the course planning programs adopted by the institutions in the city of Sao Paulo, which have their Business Administration course approved by the MEC. This data gathering resulted in 18 planing programs collected among 35 institutions. The analyses of these plans included all topics they should cover. However the findings showed that the institutions do not take plans totally into consideration and, although they are compatible with their stated purposes, their contents are not consistent with the actual demands of the professional market. Basically, all institutions employ the same methods and teaching techniques mentioned in the planning programs, that is, lecture sessions followed by practical exercises. The assessment criteria is practically the same among all institutions with testes and lists of exercises. More importantly, there is an excessive number of reference books of which many titles are sold out or outdated. We believe that this study may be useful not only for university teachers but also for School Managers. The conclusions may lead teachers to reflect on needed improvements in the teaching of Statistics, and School Managers, to reflect on the course curricula. / O objetivo desta disserta????o ?? determinar o que est?? sendo ensinado em Estat??stica nos cursos de Administra????o de Empresas na cidade de S??o Paulo. O estudo se inicia expondo a evolu????o do ensino superior e dos cursos de Administra????o de Empresas no Brasil. Apresenta uma an??lise dos curr??culos do curso de Administra????o, procurando identificar como a disciplina de Estat??stica est?? sendo tratada sob o aspecto legal. Examina, tamb??m, a proposta das Diretrizes Curriculares, que atualmente encontra-se em fase de an??lise no Minist??rio de Educa????o - MEC para aprova????o. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo constituiu na coleta dos planos de ensino das Institui????es localizadas na cidade de S??o Paulo, cujos cursos de Administra????o s??o devidamente reconhecidos pelo MEC. Esta coleta resultou em 18 planos entre 35 Institui????es consultadas. A an??lise desses planos levou em considera????o todos os t??picos que os mesmos devem conter. Entre os itens avaliados foi verificado que as Institui????es n??o levam em considera????o estes t??picos e, entre os conte??dos analisados, estes n??o se mostram articulados consistentemente, embora estejam compat??veis com os objetivos declarados. Basicamente, os m??todos e t??cnicas de ensino indicados nos planos, s??o os mesmos em todas as Institui????es, ou seja, aulas te??ricas expositivas acompanhadas de exerc??cios de aplica????o. Os crit??rios de avalia????o observados nas Institui????es consultadas revelaram-se praticamente os mesmos, ou seja, aplica????o de provas e listas de exerc??cios. A bibliografia adotada apresentou-se bastante extensa e com v??rios t??tulos esgotados e desatualizados. Acreditamos que um estudo desta natureza pode ser ??til tanto para os professores quanto para os administradores escolares. No caso dos docentes, o conhecimento gerado nesse estudo, poder?? propiciar uma reflex??o visando a melhoria do processo de ensino da Estat??stica. Quanto aos administradores escolares, uma reflex??o sobre o curr??culo do curso.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Marcus Jose de oliveira Campos.pdf: 728541 bytes, checksum: 4da0889ed97922b676fb8aa4b889f9d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-15 / This thesis analyses classification schemes used in Brazilian agribusiness measurement. Defining agribusiness boundaries for economic calculation implies in rearrange the international and official statistical classification, resulting undesirable consequences, stressing temporal instability and non-comparability. The international family of reference classifications is broadly accepted and worldwide used to statistical processing the economic phenomena. Economic classifications schemes are both, a benchmark to organize the data collection and a system of languages used in economic statistics communication. This thesis supports that the definition of alternative activities aggregations for analytical use, in order to better reflect its economic importance, must follow the requirements for homogeneity and temporal comparability present in official classifications systems. / Este trabalho avalia e discute o alcance e as limita??es dos resultados da instrumentaliza??o do c?lculo da participa??o do agroneg?cio na economia brasileira. Em particular, consiste no confronto das escolhas operacionais realizadas com os esquemas de classifica??o empregadas nas tentativas de operacionaliza??o do c?lculo, com o sistema internacional, oficial e formal, estabelecido por conven??o e adotado por pa?ses, blocos regionais e institui??es multilaterais de pesquisas estat?sticas. O sistema de classifica??o convencional fornece o instrumental para a organiza??o das formas de representa??o das atividades econ?micas, usadas nas publica??es estat?sticas oficiais h? mais de cinq?enta anos. A fun??o prec?pua desses dispositivos ? a organiza??o dos registros coletados, analisados e tabulados durante as pesquisas realizadas por institui??es especializadas. Funcionam, assim, como marcos estruturais, possibilitando a cria??o de s?ries temporais e as compara??es entre pa?ses e regi?es. Portanto, determinam as condi??es de armazenamento e recupera??o das informa??es sobre atividades econ?micas nos bancos de dados dessas organiza??es. Sob tal ?tica, a pesquisa procura mostrar o resultado das avalia??es das adapta??es realizadas, em busca da cria??o de um novo agregado econ?mico, representativo do agroneg?cio. As evid?ncias encontradas apontam na dire??o da elabora??o de uma agrega??o alternativa das categorias da classifica??o formal, para fins de tabula??es especiais. Como um esquema ad hoc relacionado ao sistema formal de classifica??o, os blocos de constru??o de suas categorias devem ser pactuados e est?veis por, pelo menos, dois per?odos no tempo, para garantir avalia??es de desempenho. Embora discordando da vis?o mercadol?gica embutida na concep??o do agroneg?cio, s?o apresentadas proposi??es para a sua tabula??o como um agregado alternativo, transparente, harmonizadas ?s ?ltimas vers?es da Classifica??o Nacional de Atividades Econ?micas (CNAE).

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-16T19:52:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Givanildo de Gois.pdf: 10268407 bytes, checksum: 6b0d9ed5afee22baa701ac9aa599b1e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T19:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Givanildo de Gois.pdf: 10268407 bytes, checksum: 6b0d9ed5afee22baa701ac9aa599b1e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / CAPES / Few studies were based on the areas of Physical and Statistical Climatology applied to the state of Rio de Janeiro (ERJ), focused on natural disasters (droughts, floods and desertification) based on climatic data and orbital products. The time series used were 47 years (1967 to 2013) and 71 years (1943 to 2013). Both series come from 100 existing stations belonging to ANA, CPRM, INMET, SERLA and LIGHT. The temporal series (raw data) were faulty and were filled with TRMM satellite 3B43 product (1998 to 2013) and INMET climatological norm (1947 to 1997). The series were submitted to descriptive, exploratory, parametric (Shapiro-Wilks-SW and Barlett-B), non-parametric tests (Mann-Kendall-MK, Sen-Se, Pettitt and SOCUM), Box Cox transformation and analysis Grouping (AA). In addition, monthly data from the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) between 2001- 2012 with the objective of verifying the trend of increase and decrease of vegetation in the ERJ by non-parametric tests and future scenarios by the Markov Chain. Estimation of the monthly mean air temperature (Tmi) in the ERJ based on observed series and reanalyses or the composition of both, and being adjusted to the three-base linear multiple regression (RLM) and linear regression models: Bases 1 Reanalysis / NCEP), 2 (INMET / NCDC) and 3 (Reanalysis / NCEP and INMET / NCDC) between 1948 and 2015. Descriptive analysis showed a probability of occurrence above 75%. The SW and B tests presented a low significance level for p-value (? < 5%) and the hypothesis of normality and homogeneity of variances in the stations was rejected. The Box Cox transformation was effective in stabilizing the residue normality and homogeneity of variance of the monthly rainfall series of the Middle Para?ba and Serrana regions, except for the Northwest Fluminense. The high variability of ? (0.326 to 0.565) is due to the fact that most of the stations are in the Sierra do Mar slope facing the mainland, where rainfall is influenced by the interaction of topography with local and synoptic systems, only one season In the Serra do Mar slope facing the Atlantic Ocean with influence of the coastal environment and the mesoscale and synoptic systems, in the series of 71 years. Based on AA were chosen 11 stations with normality or homogeneity of variance characterized two homogeneous pluviometric groups (G1 and G2) in the ERJ. For the trend analysis, the MK test and method were shown the presence of non significant trends of rainfall increase in the annual and seasonal scales. Pettitt and SOCUM were efficient in identifying the years of possible non-significant or insignificant abrupt changes in the 71-year time series. The SOCUM test identified 39 ENSO events in groups G1 and G2. The highest percentage in the neutral events (48.72%) and the lowest in the moderate El Ni?o and La Ni?a weak and strong (5.13%). An insignificant trend of vegetation growth is observed at 75%, followed by a significant downward trend of 25% of the ERJ Government regions. The Pettitt test showed the existence of abrupt changes not significant (NS), both growth and vegetation decrease in 6 regions and significant (S) decrease in 2 regions. The predictions of changes ranging from 1 to 2 years at constant intervals (3 to 10 years) were observed in all future scenarios. Bases 1 and 2 presented the highest number of significant coefficients, according to the F test for (p-value <0.05), the exception was Base 3. The latitude variable (?1) was more significant, followed by altitude (?3 ) In all Bases. Significant values of r2 (> 0.80) and r (> 0.90) in Base 2 and Base 1 with r2 (> 0.50) and r (> 0.70). The adjusted RLM models explained most of the spatial variability of Tmi for the ERJ. The parametric tests of SW and B applied to the monthly rainfall series without treatment and to the reduced variable the normal distribution standardized to 95% of probability point to the hypotheses of non-normality and neither homogeneity of the time series. The high sensitivity of the rainfall series to the B test were observed in the eight Government regions, due to the rigor of the test. The lambda coefficients of the Box Cox transformation applied to the monthly rainfall series for data without treatment and the reduced variable of the standardized normal distribution do not present efficiency in the stabilization of the homogeneity of the variances. Confirmed by the test of B, in 99.58% and 100% of the events. The efficiency found only in the stabilization of normality in 81.33% and 81.58% of the monthly cumulative frequencies of data without treatment and the reduced variable. Moderate performance of SPI methods with untreated and Box Cox versus SPI-transformed data with reduced-box data transformed by Box Cox is evident in SPI-1, which shows the presence of significant variations of statistical parameters in the Norte, Costa Verde, Baixada Litor?nea e Metropolitana shortage, followed by low performance of the r2 coefficient in the ERJ regions. SPI-12 shows a significant high dispersion of the coefficient r, followed by a low to very low performance, and a low coefficient r2. This indicates poor accuracy of SPI index estimates in both methods. The EPE and RMSE errors do not present significant variations, in the durations of 1 and 12 months. A high variation of the rec coefficients with the index d in the SPI-1 month is verified, a poor performance of the methods with data without treatment and with transformed by Box Cox versus SPI with data of the reduced variable transformed by Box Cox, for the SPI-12 Was verified in the ERJ regions. The temporal / annual analyzes of SPI-1 and 12 in the regions show a high variability and greater intensity of SPI-1, unlike SPI-12. SPI-1 and SPI-12 in the regions show similarity in the behavior of SPI-1 and SPI-12, where the highest and lowest frequencies of droughts categorized as moderately, extremely and extremely dry were recorded in the 70, 80, 90, 2000 and in the period 2010/2013, except for the 60. Events of ENOS were observed in the study period. The Pettitt test identified the years of changes in the SPI-12 index, in 1977 (El Ni?o weak), 1984 (La Ni?a weak), 1989 (Neutral), 1992 (Neutral) and 2002 (Moderate El Ni?o). The prevailing category was close to normal in the Norte Fluminense, Baixadas Litor?neas and Costa Verde regions, followed in the other regions of Government in some parts (SW), (SSW) (SE) and (NE). The moderately dry category occurred in the regions, Metropolitana, Centro Sul Fluminense, M?dio Para?ba, Serrana and NoroesteFluminense, and the other parts in the (SW), (NW) and (NNE) portions of the ERJ. In short, the application of statistical, parametric and non-parametric tests, chain of markov, multivariate analysis are efficient tools in the evaluation of natural disasters in the ERJ. / H? poucos estudos baseados nas ?reas de Climatologia F?sica e Estat?stica aplicadas ao estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ), voltados para cat?strofes naturais (secas, enchentes e desertifica??o) baseado em dados clim?ticos e produtos orbitais. As s?ries temporais usadas foram de 47 anos (1967 a 2013) e 71 anos (1943 a 2013). oriundas de 100 esta??es pertencentes ? ANA, CPRM, INMET, SERLA e LIGHT. Estas s?ries (dados brutos) apresentavam falhas e foram preenchidas com produto 3B43 do sat?lite TRMM (1998 a 2013) e com as normais climatol?gicas do INMET (1947 a 1997). Para tanto elas foram submetidas ? an?lise descritiva, explorat?ria, testes param?tricos (Shapiro-Wilks-SW e Barlett-B), n?o param?tricos (Mann-Kendall-MK, M?todo de Sen -Se, Pettitt e SOCUM), transforma??o Box Cox e an?lise de agrupamento (AA). Al?m disso, foram usados dados mensais do Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) entre 2001-2012 com objetivo de verificar tend?ncia de aumento e diminui??o da vegeta??o no ERJ pelos testes n?o param?tricos e os cen?rios futuros pela Cadeia de Markov. A estimativa da temperatura m?dia mensal do ar (Tmi) no ERJ, foi baseada em s?ries observadas de rean?lises ou atrav?s da composi??o de ambas e, sendo ajustadas aos modelos de regress?o linear m?ltipla (RLM) e simples (RLS) baseado em tr?s bases: Bases 1 (Rean?lise/NCEP), 2 (INMET/NCDC) e 3 (Rean?lise/NCEP e INMET/NCDC) entre 1948 a 2015. A an?lise descritiva mostrou uma probabilidade de ocorr?ncia acima de 75%, os testes SW e B apresentaram um baixo n?vel de signific?ncia para p-valor (? < 5%) e rejeitou-se a hip?tese de normalidade e homogeneidade de vari?ncias nas esta??es. A transforma??o Box Cox foi eficaz na estabiliza??o da normalidade dos res?duos e homogeneidade de vari?ncia da s?rie temporal de chuva mensal das regi?es M?dio Para?ba e Serrana, com exce??o do Noroeste Fluminense. A alta variabilidade de ? (0,326 a 0,565) ? devido ? maioria das esta??es encontram-se na vertente da Serra do Mar voltada para o continente, onde o regime de chuva ? influenciado pela intera??o da topografia com sistemas locais e sin?ticos e tendo apenas uma esta??o na vertente da Serra do Mar voltada para o Oceano Atl?ntico com influ?ncia do ambiente costeiro e dos sistemas de mesoescala e sin?ticos, na s?rie de 71 anos. Com base na AA foram escolhidas 11 esta??es com normalidade ou homogeneidade de vari?ncia, caracterizando dois grupos homog?neos pluviom?tricos (G1 e G2) no ERJ. Para a an?lise de tend?ncia, o teste MK e m?todo Se mostraram a presen?a de tend?ncias n?o significativas de aumento das chuvas nas escalas anual e sazonal, enquanto que o Pettitt e o SOCUM foram eficientes quanto ? identifica??o dos anos de poss?veis mudan?as abruptas n?o significativas ou insignificantes na s?rie temporal de 71 anos. O teste de SOCUM identificou 39 eventos de ENOS nos grupos G1 e G2, os maiores percentuais nos eventos neutros (48,72%) e os menores nos El Ni?o moderado e La Ni?a fraca e forte (5,13%). Outro resultado encotrado foi a exist?ncia de uma tend?ncia insignificante de crescimento da vegeta??o em 75%, seguido de uma tend?ncia significativa de diminui??o em 25% das regi?es pol?ticas do ERJ. J? o teste de Pettitt mostrou a exist?ncia de mudan?as bruscas n?o significativas (NS), ambos de crescimento e diminui??o da vegeta??o em 6 regi?es e significativas (S) de diminui??o em 2 regi?es. Os progn?sticos de mudan?as com varia??o de 1 a 2 anos em intervalos constante (3 a 10 anos) foram observados em todos os cen?rios futuros. As Bases 1 e 2 apresentaram o maior n?mero de coeficientes significativos, segundo O teste F para p-valor < 0,05, com exce??o para a Base 3. A vari?vel latitude (?1) foi mais significativa, seguido da altitude (?3) em todas as Bases. Foram encontrados valores significativos de r2 (>0,80) e r (> 0,90) na Base 2 e na Base 1 com r2 (>0,50) e r (>0,70). Os modelos de RLM ajustados explicaram a maior parte da variabilidade espacial da Tmi para o ERJ, enquanto que os testes param?tricos de SW e B aplicados a s?rie temporal mensal de chuva sem tratamento e ? vari?vel reduzida a distribui??o normal padronizada a 95% de probabilidade apontaram para as hip?teses de n?o-normalidade e n?o-homogeneidade da s?rie temporal. A alta sensibilidade da s?rie temporal de chuva ao teste B foram constatada nas oito regi?es pol?ticas do ERJ, devido ao rigor do teste. Os coeficientes de lambda da transforma??o Box Cox aplicada ?s s?ries temporais mensais de chuva para dados sem tratamento e a vari?vel reduzida da distribui??o normal padronizada n?o apresentam efici?ncia na estabiliza??o da homogeneidade das vari?ncias. Confirmado pelo teste de B, em 99,58% e 100% dos eventos repetitivamente. A efici?ncia constatada apena na estabiliza??o da normalidade em 81,33% e 81,58% das frequ?ncias acumuladas mensais dos dados sem tratamento e da vari?vel reduzida. Al?m disso observa-se que o desempenho moderado dos m?todos do SPI com dados sem tratamento e com os transformados pela Box Cox versus SPI com dados da vari?vel reduzida transformada pela Box Cox fica evidente no SPI-1, que mostra a presen?a de varia??es significativas dos par?metros estat?sticos nas regi?es Norte, Costa Verde, Baixada Litor?nea e Metropolitana, seguidos de baixo desempenho do coeficiente r2 nas regi?es do ERJ. J? o SPI-12 mostrou uma alta dispers?o significativa do coeficiente r, seguido de um desempenho baixo a muito baixo, e baixos valores do coeficiente r2, indicando fraca precis?o das estimativas dos ?ndices SPI em ambos os m?todos. Os erros EPE e RMSE n?o apresentaram varia??es significativas, nas dura??es de 1 e 12 meses. Contudo costatase uma alta varia??o dos coeficientes r e c com o ?ndice d no SPI-1 m?s, ressaltasse que um p?ssimo desempenho dos m?todos com dados sem tratamento e com transformados pela Box Cox versus SPI com dados da vari?vel reduzida transformada pela Box Cox, para o SPI-12 foi verificado nas regi?es do ERJ. Al?m disso, as an?lises temporal/anual dos SPI-1 e 12 nas regi?es mostra alta variabilidade e maior intensidade do SPI-1, ao contr?rio do SPI-12. No tocante a an?lise temporal dos SPI?1 e SPI?12 nas regi?es do ERJ verifica-se similaridade quanto ao comportamento dos SPI?1 e SPI?12, onde as maiores e menores frequ?ncias de eventos de secas categorizadas como moderadamente, muito e extremamente seco foram registradas nas d?cadas 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 e no per?odo 2010/2013, com exce??o da d?cada de 1960. Eventos de ENOS foram observados no per?odo de estudo. O teste de Pettitt identificaram os anos de mudan?as do ?ndice SPI-12, em 1977 (El Ni?o fraco), 1984 (La Ni?a fraca), 1989 (Neutro), 1992 (Neutro) e 2002 (El Ni?o moderado). Prevaleceu a categoria pr?ximo ao normal nas regi?es Norte Fluminense, Baixadas Litor?neas e Costa Verde, seguido nas demais regi?es de Governo em algumas por??es (SW), (SSW) (SE) e (NE). A categoria moderadamente seca ocorreu nas regi?es, Metropolitana, Centro Sul Fluminense, M?dio Para?ba, Serrana e Noroeste Fluminense enas demais nas por??es (SW), (NW) e (NNE) do ERJ. Em suma, a aplica??o dos testes estat?sticos, param?tricos e n?o-param?tricos, cadeia de markov, an?lise multivariada s?o ferramentas eficientes na avalia??o das cat?strofes naturais no ERJ.

La fibromialgia es una enfermedad reumática, clasificada con el código OMS CIE-10- M79.7 (versión 2007), de carácter crónico que causa dolor muscular generalizado, rigidez, fatiga, alteraciones del sueño y trastornos cognitivos entre otros síntomas. La prevalencia en España está alrededor del 2.4%, aunque algunos estudios han situado esta cifra entorno al 4%, siendo las mujeres las que más la padecen, con gran diferencia respecto a los hombres. La fibromialgia, además, se presenta frecuentemente junto a otras patologías como el síndrome de fatiga crónica, la artritis reumatoide, el lupus eritematoso, el síndrome del colon irritable, la osteoartritis, e incluso la ansiedad y la depresión. Por todo ello, se trata de una enfermedad que afecta seriamente a la funcionalidad y a la calidad de vida de las personas que la padecen. La causa de esta enfermedad es desconocida y en la actualidad no existe ningún tratamiento farmacológico eficaz. El manejo integral del paciente, mediante un abordaje multidimensional, incluyendo actividad física, apoyo psicológico, terapia cognitivo-conductual y fármacos para paliar la sintomatología, es lo que ha demostrado ser más útil. La nutrición está siendo cada vez más investigada como un factor importante a tener en cuenta en el tratamiento de la fibromialgia. Hay algunos datos sobre los beneficios potenciales de los nutrientes antioxidantes, la importancia del control de peso, la posible presencia de intolerancias alimentarias, y del rol que pueden tener ciertas deficiencias o desequilibrios nutricionales. Sin embargo, el conocimiento no es todavía sólido y los mensajes dirigidos a los enfermos sobre la alimentación no es siempre rigurosa. Así, el objetivo del estudio ENCAVI ha sido valorar el estado nutricional y su relación con la calidad de vida y la capacidad funcional de pacientes. El estudio fue realizado con 103 pacientes, mujeres, de 53.74 ± 7.81 años como edad media y pertenecientes a diversas asociaciones de fibromialgia de Catalunya. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se administraron diversos cuestionarios a las pacientes sobre sus hábitos alimentarios, su calidad de vida y su estado de salud. Se constató, como en otros estudios que, en las pacientes, existe una elevada prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso, más que en la población en general. El exceso de peso afecta negativamente a algunos síntomas y a la calidad de vida de pacientes con FM, y por el contrario cómo la pérdida de peso resulta beneficiosa para estas personas. La capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida de pacientes con fibromialgia son peores cuando presentan de forma concomitante obesidad o sobrepeso. La masa muscular pareció relacionada positivamente con la calidad de vida de las pacientes. En estos pacientes la dieta suele ser desequilibrada y son frecuentes los cambios dietéticos y el uso de suplementos dietéticos y se ha observado que, en muchos de los casos, se realiza sin el consejo de ningún profesional de la salud y siguiendo indicaciones de fuentes de información no fiables o validadas. La conciencia alimentaria da lugar principalmente a dos perfiles de pacientes, el de aquéllas que cambiaron más sus hábitos dietéticos y utilizaban una mayor variedad de suplementos nutricionales, y el de aquéllas que no cambiaron su alimentación y eran nuevas usuarias de suplementos nutricionales, usando productos más específicos, como el magnesio y siguiendo en mayor proporción el consejo de algún profesional de la salud. El tratamiento más eficaz para estas personas es el abordaje multidisciplinar, tanto para mejorar la sintomatología como la calidad de vida, y además, se ha evidenciado que existe un problema de exceso de peso y de posibles desequilibrios alimentarios, es por todo recomendable que en la atención sanitaria se incluyan protocolos de orientación nutricional. / ENCAVI STUDY: QUALITY OF LIFE AND FUNCTIONALITY IN FIBROMYALGIA PATIENTS. Summary Author: Laura Isabel Arranz Iglesias Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic nonarticular pain syndrome with an unknown cause, probably with a multifactorial aetiology, and currently increasingly diagnosed. FM patients suffer from widespread musculoskeletal pain and stiffness, general fatigue, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, and other symptoms which negatively affect their quality of life. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in Spain has been estimated to be around 2.4%. Related to management recent reviews show which interventions are more effective by reducing the symptoms of the disease, mainly pain but also fatigue and cognitive damage, revealing the fact that multidimensional approaches are the most appropriate for these patients. Some drugs, physical activity, relaxation techniques, and cognitive behaviour therapy are among the most useful tools used nowadays to treat FM. Nutrition has been pointed out as being a relevant factor to take into account in FM patients, due to different reasons: the potential benefits from antioxidant nutrients, either through vegetarian diets or nutritional supplements, to lower oxidative stress; the role of high body mass index in this disease; and the existence of some nutritional deficiencies or imbalances affecting the patients. The main purpose of this study was to describe the relationship among nutritional status, dietary habits, and quality of life and also functionality. A total of 103 women, with mean age 53.74 + 7.81, were recruited through different Spanish FM associations. Some anthropometric measures were taken and some questionnaires were fullfilled by them about dietary habits, quality of life and fibromyalgia impairment. Overweight and obesity are real health problems coexisting with FM disease. In our sample, mean value for Body Mass Index (BMI) was of 27.06 + 4.75, which is within the range of overweight reference values. In this group 68 of 103 patients were over the normal BMI values, meaning 66% of them. BMI is related to quality of life and functioning in these patients and also it is lean mass. Food awareness and attitudes towards diet were different among these FM patients. Nutritional supplement (NS) users changed their dietary habits more than those non-users. Among NS users, there were two different profiles, the first one, used to taking a wider range of NS through a self-care decision, followed professional recommendation in a lower degree, and used very few specific NS. And the second one, new NS users, used a narrower range of products. I would be necessary to give dietary advice to these patients to improve their diets and maintain a normal weight as well as good health.