Cette recherche se propose d’étudier, d’un point de vue ethnométhodologique, la manière dont des entreprises de deux pays (le Chili et le Canada) et trois secteurs productifs (Banque, télécommunications et forestier) construisent leur responsabilité sociale à partir de leur discours, c’est à dire à la manière dont elles s’auto-positionnent par rapport à cette question. Sans vouloir généraliser, la comparaison des entreprises canadiennes et chiliennes a pour objectif de savoir dans quelle mesure des entreprises établies dans des pays représentant différents degrés de développement construisent des discours différents ou similaires par rapport à la question de leur responsabilité sociale. Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, nous étudierons ce sujet à travers l’analyse du message ou de la lettre du Président Directeur Général (PDG) présentées sur leurs rapports de responsabilité sociale, ce qui nous permettra de montrer comment les entreprises construisent et s’auto-positionnent, dans leur discours officiel, par rapport à la question de leur responsabilité sociale. En nous basant sur ces analyses, nous discuterons des similitudes et des différences identifiées et nous montrerons ainsi dans quelle mesure la responsabilité sociale est construite sur des références globales plus larges, ou sur des contingences qui émergent du contexte. / This research’s objective is to study, from an ethnomethodological perspective, how firms of two countries (Chile and Canada) and three productive areas (Bank, telecommunications and forestry) construct their social responsibility from their discourse, that is, the way they position themselves in relation to this topic. Even we do not want to generalize, this comparison between Canadian and Chilean firms aims to know to what extent firms established in countries representing different degrees of development construct different or similar discourses in relation with the question of their social responsibility. In order to address this question, we will study this subject by analyzing the CEOs’ messages or letters introducing their social responsibility reports, which will allow us to understand how firms construct and position themselves in relation with the question of their social responsibility. Based on these analyses, we discuss the similarities and differences identified and clarify so to what extent social responsibility is constructed on global references, or on the contingencies that appear from the various contexts in which these discourses are produced.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre de quelle manière le juge décide de la culpabilité de l’accusé, notamment dans les affaires de vol et de trafic de stupéfiants. En s’appuyant sur le programme ethnométhodologique et sur une enquête ethnographique, la recherche se penche sur l’ensemble de pratiques et raisonnements présents dans l’activité décisionnelle des juges, afin de rendre visibles les savoirs d’action mobilisés pour décider de la culpabilité. La thèse montre que la prise de décision est fortement marquée par la présomption de culpabilité qui découle d’un processus de catégorisation des justiciables en tant que « voleurs » et « trafiquants ». Ces catégories typiques sont associées à l’image de l’ennemi, c’est-à-dire, l’individu insoumis et incapable d’un modus vivendi commun (Jakobs, 2009). Prenant appui sur les analyses empiriques réalisées, l’étude fait une analogie entre la figure de l’ennemi et le concept d’homo sacer (Agamben, 1997; 2002) en proposant finalement que le verdict de culpabilité se construit à l’intérieur d’un « camp » - c’est-à-dire, un lieu de suspension de l’ordre juridique (Agamben, 1997) – qui se structure, paradoxalement, au sein même de la justice pénale. Mots-clés: sentencing ; vol ; trafic de stupéfiants ; verdict de culpabilité ; Brésil / This ethnographic study of the judicial practices in Brazil investigates how criminal judges decide the guilt of the accused. The research shows that this decision is strongly influenced by the presumption of guilt arising from a process of categorization of individuals as "thieves" and "drug traffickers". These categories are associated with the typical image of the enemy, that is to say, the individual unruly and incapable of common modus vivendi (Jakobs, 2009). Building on empirical data, the study makes an analogy between the enemy and the concept of homo sacer (Agamben, 1997, 2002), suggesting that the verdict of guilt builts inside a "camp", i.e, a place of suspension of the juridical order (Agamben, 1997).

L’histoire de l’immigration chinoise en Europe remonte au XVIe siècle. Les premiers journaux chinois y ont vu le jour trois siècles plus tard. Ils avaient pour but de chercher des solutions pour la Chine qui était troublée. Progressivement évolué, l’accent de ces médias ethniques est mis aujourd’hui plutôt sur la vie des immigrés chinois. Cependant, le gouvernement chinois a toujours en quelque sorte des contacts avec les communautés et les médias chinois d’outre -mer. Alors,cette thèse a pour but d’examiner les relations actuelles entre la politique chinoise,les migrants et les médias chinois en Europe.Aujourd'hui, sous le contexte de la mondialisation, les technologies de l'information et de la communication permet la diffusion globale à tous les types de médias chinois. Mais face aux sources d’informations de plus en plus variées,beaucoup d’immigrés chinois conservent une relation étroite et privilégiée avec les médias ethniques locaux. Parallèlement, le gouvernement chinois a toujours l’intention de maintenir un lien avec les migrants chinois du monde entier et de propager la culture chinoise à travers ces communautés, surtout les médias ethniques. En analysant l’évolution de la politique chinoise et les échanges entre les autorités chinoises et les médias chinois en Europe, on observe un rapprochement entre les deux acteurs, mais avec prudence. À travers une analyse de contenu des médias et une enquête effectuée dans sept pays européens sur la réception des immigrés chinois, cette recherche montre ensuite que les médias chinois d’outre-mer jouent le rôle d’un conciliateur et d’un porte-parole parmi les membres de la communauté. / The history of Chinese immigration in Europe dates back to the sixteenth century. The first Chinese newspapers were born there three centuries later. This ethnic media was created to seek solutions for China which was troubled at that time. Its focus has been changed to the local Chinese immigrants’ life progressively for over a century. However, the Chinese government still somehow contacts with the Chinese communities and the ethnic media in Europe. So this thesis aims to study and reveal the current relationship among China’s policy, Chinese migrants and the Chinese language media in Europe. Nowadays, in the context of globalization, the information and communication technologies enables global broadcast for all kinds of Chinese media. But despite this variety of information sources, many Chinese immigrants in Europe maintain a close and special relationship with the ethnic media. Meanwhile, the Chinese government always intends to maintain a close relation with Chinese migrants around the world and spread the Chinese culture through these communities, especially through ethnic media. By analyzing the development of China’s policy and the interactions between the Chinese authorities and Chinese media in Europe, this thesis observes a special connection with caution. Then, through a content analysis of media and a survey of Chinese immigrants conducted in seven European countries, this research reveals that the Chinese over seas media fulfils the functions of a conciliator and a spokes person within the community.

O problema de pesquisa que orientou o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi compreender o que sustenta a racionalidade prática do isolamento institucional como medida para adolescentes autores de atos infracionais. Para investigação do problema proposto, o objeto de pesquisa são as teorias nativas sobre o ato infracional e sobre a medida socioeducativa elaboradas no raciocínio prático dos atores responsáveis pela execução da medida de internação. Adotando a etnometodologia como principal referencial teórico-metodológico, o objetivo é compreender quais os procedimentos interpretativos envolvidos no emprego das teorias nativas pelos atores na produção da relatabilidade racional de suas atividades. A análise envolve interpretações sobre as informações coletadas em uma pesquisa empírica realizada nas organizações responsáveis pela execução da medida de internação em São Paulo: o Fórum Brás e a Fundação CASA. Como forma de acessar as teorias nativas produzidas nos raciocínios práticos dos atores responsáveis pela execução da internação, o material coletado consiste principalmente em entrevistas e documentos institucionais. As interpretações elaboradas sobre as informações coletadas indicam que a racionalidade prática do isolamento institucional é sustentada por procedimentos interpretativos, empregados de maneira análoga pelos juízes e pelos funcionários das unidades de internação, que transformam fatores estruturais, externos à ação elaborados nas teorias nativas como causas do ato infracional , em características individuais transformáveis pela ação institucional e pela vontade do adolescente. No caso dos juízes, o emprego do critério da crítica do adolescente para decidir sobre o término da internação torna o isolamento institucional plausível como resposta ao ato infracional porque essa medida irá transformar e avaliar ao longo do tempo o desenvolvimento desse atributo individual e moral, expressão do pertencimento social do adolescente e tido como determinante da prática infracional. No caso dos funcionários da Fundação CASA, esse procedimento interpretativo se manifesta na operação de interpretar o comportamento do adolescente na unidade como índice de sua transformação para fora da instituição. Ao estabelecer continuidade entre dentro e fora, esse procedimento torna possível sustentar o raciocínio de que quanto mais submetido o adolescente está à instituição, mas preparado ele está para sair dela. Durante o processo de execução da medida, o principal meio de objetivação desses procedimentos são os relatórios elaborados pelas equipes das unidades de internação e utilizados pelos juízes, na grande maioria dos casos, como fundamento exclusivo para formação da decisão sobre o término da medida. Os relatórios são o produto da construção narrativa do fato da transformação do adolescente como efeito da medida, trabalho que envolve, como elemento central, a avalição da crítica do adolescente e de sua estruturação infracional. / The development of this work was guided by the following research question: What upholds the practical rationality of the institutional isolation as an intervention for young offenders? To carry out this investigation, the object of inquiry were the folk theories about delinquency and about punishment employed in the practical reasoning of the actors responsible for the detention of young offenders. From an ethnomethodological perspective, the objective is to understand which interpretive procedures are involved in the actors use of folk theories as means to produce the rational accountability of their activities. The empirical research was conducted at the organizations responsible for the implementation of the institutional isolation in Sao Paulo. In order to access the folk theories, the empirical data consists mostly of interviews and institutional documents. The result of the analysis is that the practical rationality of the institutional isolation of delinquents is sustained by interpretive procedures adopted analogously by both the judges and the detention centers staff. These interpretive procedures transforms structural attributes, external to action formulated as causes of the offense in the folk theories into individual characteristics that can be changed by the institutional action and by the adolescents will. On the one hand, the judges use of the adolescents criticism (showing repentance and empathy for the victim) as a criteria for deciding when to release them from detention, makes the institutional isolation reasonable since it will act upon and evaluate over time the development of this individual and moral attribute, the lack of which is seen as a consequence of the adolescents social background and the cause of the offense. On the other hand, the detention center staff interpret the adolescents behavior in the institution as an index of their transformation for the life outside the institution. By establishing a continuity between inside and outside, they make it possible to sustain the logic that the more submitted the adolescent is to the institution, more prepared he is to leave it. During the implementation of the institutional isolation, the main resource used to objectify these procedures are the reports produced by the staff and used as grounds for the judicial decision to end the detention. The reports are the product of the narrative construction of the fact of the adolescents transformation as a consequence of the detention.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-07T13:01:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariléia Sell.pdf: 1122792 bytes, checksum: 687ff98e6813436b89c8dbc94201193e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-07T13:01:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariléia Sell.pdf: 1122792 bytes, checksum: 687ff98e6813436b89c8dbc94201193e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-08 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa, inserida nos marcos teóricos da Etnometodologia (GARFINKEL, 1967) e da Análise da Conversa (SACKS, 1992; SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974) analisa qualitativamente interações entre um conselheiro tutelar e crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual. Os resultados analíticos mostram que as interações se organizam em uma macroestrutura de cinco "pacotes interacionais" (JEFFERSON, 1988) sequencialmente negociados: a) saudações iniciais; b) justificativa da visita; c) reconstrução do evento do abuso; d) aconselhamento e e) despedida. Para os propósitos desta pesquisa, analiso o terceiro pacote interacional, que é o momento em que os/as interagentes reconstroem o evento do abuso sexual, através da estrutura da narrativa (SCHEGLOFF, 1997; SACKS, 1992; OCHS; CAPPS, 1996; 1997). Durante a empreitada interacional de reconstruir o evento, é possível identificar que o conselheiro tutelar se orienta para a sua meta de construir um relatório convincente e reportável para o sistema judiciário (i.e. Promotoria da Infância e da Juventude; Ministério Público), conduzindo a atividade de modo a contemplar os itens que ele julga necessários. Os contornos da narrativa são, então, construídos de acordo com a ação que ela desempenha na interação (i.e. garantir medida de proteção para a vítima e punição para o/a agressor/a). O conselheiro se envolve ativamente na ação de significar a experiência com a vítima, acionando diversas estratégias interacionais, dentre as quais a oferta de itens lexicais, para descrever os sentimentos da criança. O engajamento do conselheiro na ação de significar a experiência assume um valor prescritivo de significação da experiência do abuso e de performance da identidade de vítima (EHRLICH, 2002; TRINCH, no prelo). Ao realizar a atividade de significar as experiências das vítimas, o conselheiro traz para a superfície da fala os valores morais que permeiam o discurso jurídico, que são também elementos de socialização das crianças e dos/as adolescentes sobre como sentir e falar sobre a violência sofrida. A análise das interações mostra que as crianças maiores (i.e. acima de 12 anos) realizam trabalho moral defensivo de forma mais ativa (DREW, 1988; BERGMANN, 1998; 2002), enquanto as crianças menores (i.e. menores de 12 anos) se engajam menos neste tipo de atividade. Esse dado indica que as crianças maiores se orientam para o paradoxo da vitimização e da culpabilização das vítimas de abuso sexual (SANTOS, 2002), demonstrando maior socialização sobre a performance da vítima "ideal" (TRINCH, no prelo). Esta pesquisa se propõe a refletir sobre o uso situado da fala e as práticas narrativas com as crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual, considerando que as práticas interacionais, se inadequadas, podem resultar em revitimização (CÉZAR, 2007). Ainda, a fala é o principal meio de efetivar, na concretude das ações cotidianas, a garantia dos direitos assegurados pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, que é uma legislação de vanguarda no mundo todo. Estudos com a interface linguagem e violência sexual contribuem também para equacionar o dilema da necessidade de construir narrativas reportáveis ao sistema judiciário sem retirar a agentividade da vítima em significar a sua experiência. / This research, based on the theoretical approaches of Ethnomethodology (GARFINKEL, 1967) and Conversation Analysis (SACKS, 1992; SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974), offers qualitative analyses of interactions between an officer of the Child Protective Services and children and adolescents victims of sexual abuse. The analytical results show that interactions are organized in a macrostructure of five “interactional packages” (JEFFERSON, 1988) sequentially negotiated: a) greetings; b) reason of the visit; c) reconstruction of the event of abuse; d) advisement, and e) farewell. For the objectives of this study, I have analyzed the third interactional package, which is the moment the interactants reconstruct the event of the sexual abuse using a narrative structure (SCHEGLOFF, 1997; SACKS, 1992; OCHS; CAPPS, 1996; 1997). During the interactional event of reconstructing the fact, it’s possible to identify that the officer orients to his goal of building a convincing and clear report for the Judiciary (i.e. Public Prosecutor’s Office), leading the activity in a way to approach the items he regards more necessary. The outlines of the narrative are, then, built according to the action it performs in the interaction (that is, ensure protection measures for the victim and punishment to the abuser). The officer gets actively involved in the action of providing meaning to the experience along with the victim, activating several interactional strategies, including lexical options, to describe the child’s feelings. The engagement of the worker in the action of providing meaning to the experience takes on a prescriptive value of signification of the experience of the abuse and of performance of the victim’s identity (EHRLICH, 2002; TRINCH, forthcoming). When he performs the activity of providing meaning to the victim’s experiences, the officer brings up on his speech the moral values that permeate the legal discourse, which are also elements of socialization of kids and of adolescents about how to feel and talk about the violence they have suffered. The analysis of the interactions show that older kids (i.e. above 12 years old) perform a more active defensive moral job (DREW, 1988; BERGMANN, 1998; 2002), while younger kids (i.e. below 12 years old) engage less in this type of activity. This data indicates that older kids orient to the paradox of feeling a victim and feeling guilty, common on victims of sexual abuse (SANTOS, 2002), showing greater socialization about the performance of the “ideal” victim (TRINCH, forthcoming). This research aims to reflect on the situated use of speech and of narrative practices with kids and adolescents victims of sexual abuse, considering that the interactional practices, if inappropriate, may result in re-victimization (CÉZAR, 2007). Also, speech is the main way to accomplish, in the concreteness of everyday actions, the assurance of rights ensured by the Statute of Child and Adolescent, which is forefront legislation in the whole world. Studies that relate language and sexual violence contribute also to balance the dilemma of the need to build narratives that are reportable to the judiciary and preserve the victim’s agentivity in providing meaning to their experience.

O problema de pesquisa que orientou o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi compreender o que sustenta a racionalidade prática do isolamento institucional como medida para adolescentes autores de atos infracionais. Para investigação do problema proposto, o objeto de pesquisa são as teorias nativas sobre o ato infracional e sobre a medida socioeducativa elaboradas no raciocínio prático dos atores responsáveis pela execução da medida de internação. Adotando a etnometodologia como principal referencial teórico-metodológico, o objetivo é compreender quais os procedimentos interpretativos envolvidos no emprego das teorias nativas pelos atores na produção da relatabilidade racional de suas atividades. A análise envolve interpretações sobre as informações coletadas em uma pesquisa empírica realizada nas organizações responsáveis pela execução da medida de internação em São Paulo: o Fórum Brás e a Fundação CASA. Como forma de acessar as teorias nativas produzidas nos raciocínios práticos dos atores responsáveis pela execução da internação, o material coletado consiste principalmente em entrevistas e documentos institucionais. As interpretações elaboradas sobre as informações coletadas indicam que a racionalidade prática do isolamento institucional é sustentada por procedimentos interpretativos, empregados de maneira análoga pelos juízes e pelos funcionários das unidades de internação, que transformam fatores estruturais, externos à ação elaborados nas teorias nativas como causas do ato infracional , em características individuais transformáveis pela ação institucional e pela vontade do adolescente. No caso dos juízes, o emprego do critério da crítica do adolescente para decidir sobre o término da internação torna o isolamento institucional plausível como resposta ao ato infracional porque essa medida irá transformar e avaliar ao longo do tempo o desenvolvimento desse atributo individual e moral, expressão do pertencimento social do adolescente e tido como determinante da prática infracional. No caso dos funcionários da Fundação CASA, esse procedimento interpretativo se manifesta na operação de interpretar o comportamento do adolescente na unidade como índice de sua transformação para fora da instituição. Ao estabelecer continuidade entre dentro e fora, esse procedimento torna possível sustentar o raciocínio de que quanto mais submetido o adolescente está à instituição, mas preparado ele está para sair dela. Durante o processo de execução da medida, o principal meio de objetivação desses procedimentos são os relatórios elaborados pelas equipes das unidades de internação e utilizados pelos juízes, na grande maioria dos casos, como fundamento exclusivo para formação da decisão sobre o término da medida. Os relatórios são o produto da construção narrativa do fato da transformação do adolescente como efeito da medida, trabalho que envolve, como elemento central, a avalição da crítica do adolescente e de sua estruturação infracional. / The development of this work was guided by the following research question: What upholds the practical rationality of the institutional isolation as an intervention for young offenders? To carry out this investigation, the object of inquiry were the folk theories about delinquency and about punishment employed in the practical reasoning of the actors responsible for the detention of young offenders. From an ethnomethodological perspective, the objective is to understand which interpretive procedures are involved in the actors use of folk theories as means to produce the rational accountability of their activities. The empirical research was conducted at the organizations responsible for the implementation of the institutional isolation in Sao Paulo. In order to access the folk theories, the empirical data consists mostly of interviews and institutional documents. The result of the analysis is that the practical rationality of the institutional isolation of delinquents is sustained by interpretive procedures adopted analogously by both the judges and the detention centers staff. These interpretive procedures transforms structural attributes, external to action formulated as causes of the offense in the folk theories into individual characteristics that can be changed by the institutional action and by the adolescents will. On the one hand, the judges use of the adolescents criticism (showing repentance and empathy for the victim) as a criteria for deciding when to release them from detention, makes the institutional isolation reasonable since it will act upon and evaluate over time the development of this individual and moral attribute, the lack of which is seen as a consequence of the adolescents social background and the cause of the offense. On the other hand, the detention center staff interpret the adolescents behavior in the institution as an index of their transformation for the life outside the institution. By establishing a continuity between inside and outside, they make it possible to sustain the logic that the more submitted the adolescent is to the institution, more prepared he is to leave it. During the implementation of the institutional isolation, the main resource used to objectify these procedures are the reports produced by the staff and used as grounds for the judicial decision to end the detention. The reports are the product of the narrative construction of the fact of the adolescents transformation as a consequence of the detention.

La notion d’aide-à-autrui est la pierre angulaire du travail social. Cette aide s’incarne sous la forme d’une multitude de déclinaisons à travers les activités menées par les professionnels de l’action sociale, les travailleurs sociaux. Lorsque l’un d’entre eux se trouve ponctuellement en difficulté dans l’exercice de son métier, la « réunion de synthèse » est un espace dédié à l’aide entre professionnels.Dans ce cadre de travail, le langage est l’outil essentiel qui permet aux participants de se rendre mutuellement disponible leur point de vue sur un « cas social » et de traiter eux-mêmes la descriptibilité de leurs actions.La perspective théorique et méthodologique de la linguistique interactionnelle, issue de l’analyseconversationnelle d’inspiration ethnométhodologique, constitue un cadre privilégié pour examiner les pratiques langagières qui caractérisent ces réunions institutionnelles. La question des ressources mobilisées et de leurs cours d’action dans l’interaction est devenue mon objet de recherche. Un objet qui ratifie non seulement le principe du langage comme ressource centrale de l’organisation des activités sociales, mais aussi dans ce contexte institutionnel, comme principale ressource de production et de structuration d’une activité d’aide-à-autrui.Cette thèse a pour visée d’approfondir la connaissance des processus permettant l’émergence d’unetelle activité, en étudiant les procédés par lesquels les ressources linguistiques sont méthodiquement déployées pour façonner et délivrer les points de vue des membres sur leurs actions, contribuant en retour à la constitution d’un espace intersubjectif qui rend possible l’élaboration collective d’un travail interprétatif. / The concept of aid to others is the cornerstone of social work. This assistance is embodied in the formof a multitude of variations through the activities of the professionals of social action, the socialworkers. When one of them is punctually in trouble during the exercise of his job, the " meeting of synthesis" is dedicated to mutual aid between professionals.In this framework, the language is an essential tool which allows participants to make mutually available their point of view on a "social event" and handle themselves the describtibility of theiractions.The theoretical and methodological perspective of interactional linguistics, from the conversation alanalysis in the ethnomethodological tradition, is an ideal framework to examine the language practicesthat characterize these institutional meetings. The issue of mobilized resources and their course of action in the interaction became my object of research. An object that ratifies not only the principle of language as a central resource of the organization of the social activities, but also in the institutional context, as a main resource of production and structuring an activity to help others.This thesis aims to deepen the understanding of the processes for the emergence of such activity, by studying the processes by which language resources are methodically deployed to shape and deliverthe views of members about their actions, contributing in return to the creation of an intersubjective space which makes possible the collective elaboration of a interpretative work.

This thesis examines how very young children (1-3 years) organize participation during naptime, a recurrent activity of everyday life in preschools. Focus is on how these children practice their social and cultural understandings of the local order and thus establish various local orders as part of how they shape their peer cultures and the routines of the naptime. An ethnomethodological and conversation analytic (EM/CA) perspective is used to explore the organisation of the local orders oriented to by the children in their participation during naptime. A special interest is directed at how small children use embodied actions and various semiotic resources as they actively take part in this preschool routine. The data, collected during fieldwork with participant observations, consist of video recordings and field notes. The recordings are analysed using EM/CA methods, including detailed attention to embodied features of interaction along with spatial and material arrangements. Transcriptions of interaction comprise representations of both verbal and visual aspects, e.g. gestures, gaze and movement through the room. The study shows that naptime involves more than sleep. It is demonstrated how very young children, through interaction with each other and the pedagogues, are active agents in sustaining, creating, re-creating and challenging the local orders of naptime. Through embodied actions and the use of various semiotic resources, the children are able to create time and space for their own peer cultures within this institutional routine. Overall, the study sheds light on the sophisticated ways in which very young children use their knowledge of cultural and institutional routines – the spatial organisation of sleep mattresses, artefacts (e.g. blankets, pacifiers and soft toys) and the sequential structures of the naptime – to constitute spaces for play and joyful interaction with peers and pedagogues. In spite of their sometimes limited vocal language, these very young children are able to use a variety of semiotic resources to constitute their own social life within naptime, often through secondary adjustments to institutional and adult structured order.

Cette recherche se propose d’étudier, d’un point de vue ethnométhodologique, la manière dont des entreprises de deux pays (le Chili et le Canada) et trois secteurs productifs (Banque, télécommunications et forestier) construisent leur responsabilité sociale à partir de leur discours, c’est à dire à la manière dont elles s’auto-positionnent par rapport à cette question. Sans vouloir généraliser, la comparaison des entreprises canadiennes et chiliennes a pour objectif de savoir dans quelle mesure des entreprises établies dans des pays représentant différents degrés de développement construisent des discours différents ou similaires par rapport à la question de leur responsabilité sociale. Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, nous étudierons ce sujet à travers l’analyse du message ou de la lettre du Président Directeur Général (PDG) présentées sur leurs rapports de responsabilité sociale, ce qui nous permettra de montrer comment les entreprises construisent et s’auto-positionnent, dans leur discours officiel, par rapport à la question de leur responsabilité sociale. En nous basant sur ces analyses, nous discuterons des similitudes et des différences identifiées et nous montrerons ainsi dans quelle mesure la responsabilité sociale est construite sur des références globales plus larges, ou sur des contingences qui émergent du contexte. / This research’s objective is to study, from an ethnomethodological perspective, how firms of two countries (Chile and Canada) and three productive areas (Bank, telecommunications and forestry) construct their social responsibility from their discourse, that is, the way they position themselves in relation to this topic. Even we do not want to generalize, this comparison between Canadian and Chilean firms aims to know to what extent firms established in countries representing different degrees of development construct different or similar discourses in relation with the question of their social responsibility. In order to address this question, we will study this subject by analyzing the CEOs’ messages or letters introducing their social responsibility reports, which will allow us to understand how firms construct and position themselves in relation with the question of their social responsibility. Based on these analyses, we discuss the similarities and differences identified and clarify so to what extent social responsibility is constructed on global references, or on the contingencies that appear from the various contexts in which these discourses are produced.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal