In this thesis, we describe two approaches to automatically synthesize the emotional speech of a target speaker based on the hidden Markov model for his/her neutral speech. In the interpolation based method, the basic idea is the model interpolation between the neutral model of the target speaker and an emotional model selected from a candidate pool. Both the interpolation model selection and the interpolation weight computation are determined based on a model-distance measure. We propose a monophone-based Mahalanobis distance (MBMD). In the parallel model combination (PMC) based method, our basic idea is to model the mismatch between neutral model and emotional model. We train linear regression model to describe this mismatch. And then we combine the target speaker neutral model with the linear regression model. We evaluate our approach on the synthesized emotional speech of angriness, happiness, and sadness with several subjective tests. Experimental results show that the implemented system is able to synthesize speech with emotional expressiveness of the target speaker.

We introduce a class of program editors that present a program using a rich set of transformations; we call these kinds of editors composable presentation editors. Proper use of these kinds of editors appears to lead to more expressive programs-programs whose structure are aligned with the problem they are trying to solve. By default, the composable presentation editor presents program elements textually as concrete syntax and enables typical editor commands on the program. Metadata on program elements control how the transformations are applied. Customized metadata can re-order, pictorialize, collapse, duplicate, or expand the displayed form of program elements and can additionally alter the available editor commands. We have developed a set of presentation techniques to be used by presentation designers (i.e., the programmers who design how a program is presented in the editor. These techniques relate to well-understood programming language design, editor design, and programming best-practices techniques including scoping, higher order functions, refactoring, prettyprinting, naming conventions, syntax highlighting, and text hovers. We introduce two implementations of composable presentation editors and a number of examples showing how programs can be made more expressive when presentation techniques are properly used. The first implementation is the ETMOP, an open editor, where a metaobject protocol is provided that allows language and editor designers to customize the way program elements are displayed. These customizations are called presenta- tion extensions and the corresponding presentation extension protocol acts in a way similar to the way that syntax macros extend the syntax of a language. The second implementation is Embedded CAL, a closed editor that uses these presentation techniques to embed one language (CAL) inside a host language (Java) through the use of presentation techniques, without changing the syntax or compiler of either language.

Prostate cancer (PC) affects one in eight men in North America and continues to be the most common site of cancer in males, especially among older men in Europe and the United States, and the second most common cancer worldwide. Prostate cancer is, after lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among men with an estimated 27,540 deaths in 2015. The well-being of patients diagnosed with PC is a largely unexplored research area. Numerous factors likely impact men’s psychological well-being as they progress through the experience of managing PC. Among the various factors that may predict psychological well-being for these men, social support, marital adjustment, and emotional expressiveness seem to warrant investigation based on the research literature. “Psychological well-being” as described by Ryff offers a unique way of measuring psychological functioning of men diagnosed with PC and appears to be a multidimensional view of positive psychological functioning. Little research has been conducted to examine how various factors influence psychological well-being in men with PC. The purpose of the study was to examine correlates and predictors of overall psychological well-being in a sample of men diagnosed with PC. Independent variables included three psychological factors-social support, marital adjustment, and emotional expressiveness. The design of the study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Measures used included: a demographic questionnaire, Scales of Psychological Well-Being, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Expression of Emotion Scale, and a Visual Analog Scale of Social Support. Data analyses examined three predictors and the dependent variable–total psychological well-being. Findings show that marital adjustment significantly predicts total psychosocial well-being scores in men diagnosed with cancer in a positive direction. Implications for therapeutic practice and future research are discussed. Lack of support may place men diagnosed with prostate cancer at risk for poorer psychological well-being. Identification of at-risk men and referral to support services may improve overall psychological well-being

We introduce a class of program editors that present a program using a rich set of transformations; we call these kinds of editors composable presentation editors. Proper use of these kinds of editors appears to lead to more expressive programs-programs whose structure are aligned with the problem they are trying to solve. By default, the composable presentation editor presents program elements textually as concrete syntax and enables typical editor commands on the program. Metadata on program elements control how the transformations are applied. Customized metadata can re-order, pictorialize, collapse, duplicate, or expand the displayed form of program elements and can additionally alter the available editor commands. We have developed a set of presentation techniques to be used by presentation designers (i.e., the programmers who design how a program is presented in the editor. These techniques relate to well-understood programming language design, editor design, and programming best-practices techniques including scoping, higher order functions, refactoring, prettyprinting, naming conventions, syntax highlighting, and text hovers. We introduce two implementations of composable presentation editors and a number of examples showing how programs can be made more expressive when presentation techniques are properly used. The first implementation is the ETMOP, an open editor, where a metaobject protocol is provided that allows language and editor designers to customize the way program elements are displayed. These customizations are called presenta- tion extensions and the corresponding presentation extension protocol acts in a way similar to the way that syntax macros extend the syntax of a language. The second implementation is Embedded CAL, a closed editor that uses these presentation techniques to embed one language (CAL) inside a host language (Java) through the use of presentation techniques, without changing the syntax or compiler of either language.

Democratic reopening of Brazil in the 1980s is a milestone for a social change in race relations in the country. From then are demanded and taken over several institutional shares of public policy that legitimizes these changes, including affirmative policies and policies for cultural diversity and citizenship. In (co) incidence and dialogue with these phenomena, in Alagoas, enlarges the space of social tolerance for public expression afroalagoanos elements, including the religiosity of African origin. Parallel to this appeal, we see the growing intellectual interest and the agency and legitimacy of cultural agents and groups linked to the symbolic universe of the black in the state. All this coalesced from arguments mobilized in the invention process from three traditions: the Quilombo dos Palmares, Zumbi dos Palmares and the Quebra de Xango de 1912. These social phenomena are investigated and expressed here as the emergence of a network of valuing expressiveness afroalagoana. As part of these dynamics, I did incursions to participant observation in various events and conducted interviews with leading figures of black and expressive movements of Alagoas, and consult legal documents, political and cultural manifestos and the collection of some of the informants. The analysis was done with the aid of symbolic théories, cultural studies and literature survey of the intellectual production of local investigations, not only in the social sciences, but of works that deal with the presence of black and expressiveness in Alagoas, racial policies, religiosity of African origin and related to the topic of afroalagoanidade affairs. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A reabertura democrática do Brasil na década de 1980 é um marco para uma mudança social das relações raciais no país. A partir de então são demandadas e encampadas várias ações da política pública institucional que legitimam estas mudanças, entre as quais as políticas afirmativas e as políticas para a diversidade e cidadania culturais. Em (co)incidência e diálogo com estes fenômenos, em Alagoas amplia-se o espaço de tolerância social para a expressão pública de elementos afroalagoanos, entre os quais os da religiosidade de matriz africana. Paralelo a este apelo, vê-se crescer o interesse intelectual e a atuação e legitimidade de agentes e grupos culturais vinculados ao universo simbólico do negro no estado. Tudo isto aglutinado a partir de argumentos mobilizados no processo de invenção de três tradições: o Quilombo dos Palmares, Zumbi dos Palmares e o Quebra de Xangô de 1912. Estes fenômenos sociais são investigados e expressos aqui como a emergência de uma rede de valorização da expressividade afroalagoana. Como integrante destas dinâmicas, fiz incursões para observação participante em diversos eventos e realizei entrevistas com líderes e figuras expressivas dos movimentos negros de Alagoas, além de consultar documentos legais, manifestos políticos e culturais e o acervo de alguns dos informantes. A análise se deu com o auxílio das teorias simbólicas, dos estudos culturais e do levantamento bibliográfico da produção intelectual de investigações locais, não só nas ciências sociais, de obras que tratam da presença e da expressividade negra em Alagoas, das políticas raciais, da religiosidade de matriz africana e outros assuntos correlatos ao tema da afroalagoanidade.

A origem desta dissertação remonta ao prazer proporcionado por certas leituras. A escrita leve e sedutora de textos situados na fronteira entre o conto e a crônica motivou apreciação mais detalhada, constatando refinamento lingüístico. A pesquisa desenvolve questões a respeito de leitura e leitores, breve histórico dos gêneros citados, levantamento de suas características mais relevantes no corpus e considerações sobre a estilística, base teórica do estudo. Após comentários sobre o papel de Heloisa Seixas na literatura brasileira contemporânea e os aspectos responsáveis por prosa tão envolvente, segue a análise do corpus. Destacam-se a temática escolhida, a seleção vocabular, a pontuação e a estrutura sintática, enfatizando os recursos lingüísticos que compõem o estilo da autora e justificam a qualidade dos textos. Observados tais aspectos, propõe-se a utilização dos Contos mínimos em sala de aula, privilegiando o trabalho com a crônica-conto que visa a estimular a leitura e facilitar o ensino/aprendizagem. / The origin of this dissertation brings back the pleasure given by some readings. The light and seductive writing of texts on the borderline of the short story and chronicle has motivated a more detailed appreciation, reinforcing a linguistic refinement. The research develops issues concerning the reading and the readers, a short historical account on the mentioned genres, bringing up the most relevant characteristics of the corpus and considerations about Stylistics, the theoretical basis of the study. Shortly after making comments about the role of Heloisa Seixas on the Contemporary Brazilian Literature and the aspects that are responsible for such captivating prose, there is the analysis of the corpus. The chosen thematic, the vocabulary selection, the punctuation, the syntatic structure are highlighted, giving emphasis on the linguistic resources which compose the writers style and justify the quality of the texts. Observing such aspects, it is offered the use of Contos mínimos in the classroom, privileging the work with chronicle-short story, which aims at estimulating the reading and facilitating the teaching/learning process.

A comunicação é um processo que se encontra internamente relacionado com a expressividade. Há profissionais que usam demasiadamente a comunicação e a expressividade, como é o caso do professor, que atua transmitindo informações as quais devem chegar de maneira efetiva aos seus alunos. O objetivo geral do estudo foi investigar a expressividade do professor universitário de enfermagem ministrando aula, por meio do julgamento dos alunos. Trata-se de estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma instituição de ensino superior de enfermagem de uma universidade pública. Alunos matriculados (141) nos cursos de bacharelado e licenciatura de enfermagem, distribuídos em três turmas, realizaram a avaliação da expressividade de um professor da instituição, sendo que este possuía experiência profissional, estava em atividade regular e não era conhecido por este alunado. A avaliação da expressividade foi realizada por meio de seis minutos de filmagem de uma aula ministrada por esse professor. Esta mesma filmagem foi avaliada por três experts fonoaudiólogos, especialistas em voz e experientes em expressividade. A pesquisa contou com quatro fases (preparo dos instrumentos, no qual foi utilizado protocolo de avaliação fonoaudiológica e instrumento para os alunos; questionário para avaliação do aluno, adaptado segundo o protocolo de avaliação fonoaudiológica; avaliação da confiabilidade deste protocolo por três experts fonoaudiólogos; filmagem do professor participante a ser avaliado). O resultado mostrou que os experts apresentaram, praticamente, poucas discordâncias entre si em relação à avaliação da expressividade do professor, pois são especialistas e possuem experiência profissional em radio e televisão. Quanto à identificação da expressividade do professor segundo a avaliação de alunos e dos experts, em relação aos elementos: tipo de voz, pitch, esforço vocal, loudness, articulação, expressão facial, gestos e postura corporal, os resultados mostraram que as alternativas escolhidas pela maioria dos alunos foram significativamente maiores que as demais e concordantes com a maioria dos experts. Os elementos \"ênfase\", \"demonstra experiência\" e \"o que chamou atenção no vídeo\" não foram possíveis de comparação, porque não houve equivalência entre os instrumentos utilizados para a avaliação dos experts e dos alunos. O item \"pausa na fala\" não apresentou significância estatística entre a avaliação das respostas dos alunos, quando comparadas aos experts. Quanto às diferenças de avaliações entre as três turmas entre si, estas apresentaram poucas divergências entre elas. Conclui-se que o julgamento do aluno sobre as habilidades expressivas do professor de enfermagem é compatível com a avaliação dos experts fonoaudiólogos, mostrando que os alunos da universidade pública são mais que meros espectadores e pessoas capazes de avaliar, com propriedade, o professor. / Communication is a process that is internally related to expressiveness. There are professionals who use too much communication and expressiveness, as is the case of a teacher, which operates by transmitting information to effectively reach their students. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the expressiveness of a university professor of a nursing school, teaching a class by the means of the assessment of students. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, performed in an institution of higher education in nursing at a public university. Enrolled students (141) in the nursing major, divided into three classes, carried out the assessment of expressiveness of a teacher of the previously mentioned institution, which whom had professional experience. This teacher was in regular activity and was not known by this student body. The assessment of expressiveness was performed by the means of a six- minute footage of a class taught by this teacher. This same footage was reviewed by three expert speech pathologists, voice specialists and experts in expressiveness. The research included four phases (preparation of instruments, by being the protocol of clinical assessment used and tool for the students; students\' questionnaire to evaluate the teacher, adjusted in accordance with the protocol of clinical assessment, reliability evaluation of the protocol by three expert audiologists; footage of the teacher participant to be evaluated). The outcome has shown that there were virtually very few disagreements between the experts regarding the evaluation of the expressiveness of the teacher, since they are specialists and have experience in radio and television. Regarding the identification of the expressiveness of the teacher according to the evaluation of students and experts in relation to the elements: voice type, pitch, vocal effort, loudness, articulation, facial expression, gestures and body posture, the outcome showed that the alternatives chosen by most students were significantly higher than the others and consistent with most experts. The elements \"emphasis\", \"the showing of experience\" and \"what drew attention in the video\" were not possible to compare, because there was no equivalence between the instruments used for the evaluation of experts and students. The item \"pause in the speech\" hasn\'t shown statistical significance between the assessment of students\' responses, when compared to experts. When considering differences in ratings among the three classes together, this study showed that they differ a little from each other. It has been noticed that the assessment of the student on the expressiveness abilities of the teacher of nursing is consistent with the assessments of speech experts, showing that students at public universities are more than mere spectators but people can properly evaluate the teacher.

A origem desta dissertação remonta ao prazer proporcionado por certas leituras. A escrita leve e sedutora de textos situados na fronteira entre o conto e a crônica motivou apreciação mais detalhada, constatando refinamento lingüístico. A pesquisa desenvolve questões a respeito de leitura e leitores, breve histórico dos gêneros citados, levantamento de suas características mais relevantes no corpus e considerações sobre a estilística, base teórica do estudo. Após comentários sobre o papel de Heloisa Seixas na literatura brasileira contemporânea e os aspectos responsáveis por prosa tão envolvente, segue a análise do corpus. Destacam-se a temática escolhida, a seleção vocabular, a pontuação e a estrutura sintática, enfatizando os recursos lingüísticos que compõem o estilo da autora e justificam a qualidade dos textos. Observados tais aspectos, propõe-se a utilização dos Contos mínimos em sala de aula, privilegiando o trabalho com a crônica-conto que visa a estimular a leitura e facilitar o ensino/aprendizagem. / The origin of this dissertation brings back the pleasure given by some readings. The light and seductive writing of texts on the borderline of the short story and chronicle has motivated a more detailed appreciation, reinforcing a linguistic refinement. The research develops issues concerning the reading and the readers, a short historical account on the mentioned genres, bringing up the most relevant characteristics of the corpus and considerations about Stylistics, the theoretical basis of the study. Shortly after making comments about the role of Heloisa Seixas on the Contemporary Brazilian Literature and the aspects that are responsible for such captivating prose, there is the analysis of the corpus. The chosen thematic, the vocabulary selection, the punctuation, the syntatic structure are highlighted, giving emphasis on the linguistic resources which compose the writers style and justify the quality of the texts. Observing such aspects, it is offered the use of Contos mínimos in the classroom, privileging the work with chronicle-short story, which aims at estimulating the reading and facilitating the teaching/learning process.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-21T13:03:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mayannaauxiliadoramartinssantos.pdf: 450997 bytes, checksum: 80a333e25f52b5bb0779b54108b66abe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-25T12:34:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mayannaauxiliadoramartinssantos.pdf: 450997 bytes, checksum: 80a333e25f52b5bb0779b54108b66abe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-25T12:34:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mayannaauxiliadoramartinssantos.pdf: 450997 bytes, checksum: 80a333e25f52b5bb0779b54108b66abe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T12:34:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mayannaauxiliadoramartinssantos.pdf: 450997 bytes, checksum: 80a333e25f52b5bb0779b54108b66abe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-31 / Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar as maneiras pelas quais as crianças se expressam (comunicação verbal e não-verbal) dentro do contexto escolar, principalmente nas salas de aula. O suporte teórico-metodológico é a Sociologia da Infância, principalmente as contribuições dos autores: Sarmento e Corsaro. Este estudo de caso de caráter etnográfico partiu do princípio de que as crianças são seres sociais, capazes de elaborar e dotar de sentido próprio a realidade na qual estão inseridas. Neste sentido, por meio da interação entre pares e com os adultos constroem suas próprias culturas. Participaram dessa pesquisa 20 crianças com idade entre 5 e 6 anos em fase de alfabetização. O estudo de caso foi realizado em uma sala de aula da escola da rede privada de ensino de Juiz de Fora, MG. Utilizamos como procedimentos metodológicos a observação participante, a vídeo-gravação das aulas de música, as sessões de devolutiva, conjugada com relato oral das crianças. Foi possível verificar como as crianças organizam-se em grupos de pares definidos no contexto escolar, sendo a resistência ao que lhes era solicitado um fator marcante nessas constituições grupais. Notamos também que aspectos referentes às questões de gênero apareceram de forma significativa na interação entre as crianças. Além disso, constatamos que a devolutiva como um procedimento metodológico se mostra um recurso enriquecedor na pesquisa com crianças. / This research aimed to investigate the ways in which children express themselves (verbal and nonverbal) within the school context, especially in classrooms. The theoreticalmethodological support is the sociology of childhood, particularly the contributions of authors: Sarmento and Corsaro. This case study, based on ethnographic character, assumed that children are social beings, able to prepare and provide proper sense of the reality in which they are inserted. In this sense, through interaction with peers and adults build their own cultures. Participated in this study 20 children aged between 5 and 6 years beginning literacy. The case study was conducted in a classroom of one private school education of Juiz de Fora, MG. Used as instruments participant observation, video-recording of music lessons, the sessions of devolution, combined with oral account of children. It was possible to see how children organize themselves into groups of pairs defined in the school context, and resistance to what they were asked a salient factor in these constitutions group. We also noticed that the aspects related to gender issues appeared significantly in the interaction between children. Furthermore, we found that the devolution as a methodological procedure proves an enriching resource in research with children.

O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar as escolhas e as criações lexicais de Mário de Andrade nas suas obras poéticas mais representativas da década de 20: Pauliceia desvairada; Losango cáqui e Clã do jabuti. Sob a ótica da Estilística Léxica e com auxílio da Semântica, recolhemos e analisamos as criações lexicais resultantes da necessidade estilística. Entendemos que elas foram escolhidas por Mário de Andrade para acentuar a expressividade de seu texto e procuramos demonstrar, através da sua inserção em campos-léxico-semânticos, a existência de temas reveladores da visão de mundo do autor e da época. As obras analisadas evidenciam a ampliação do território poético de Mário de Andrade que parte da cidade de São Paulo, em processo de urbanização, para abraçar o país multicultural. Através dos temas e das escolhas lexicais feitas, o poeta-enunciador, ao usar a máscara do arlequim, transfigura-se em poeta-arlequim, poeta-soldado e em poeta-antropólogo sugerindo, assim, a aproximação ou o afastamento de determinado grupo social. / The purpose of this dissertation is to study the choices and the lexical creations by Mário de Andrade in his most representative poetic works in the twenties: Pauliceia desvairada, Losango cáqui and Clã do jabuti. From the Lexical Stylistics point of view and with the Semantic\'s help, we collected and analyzed the lexical creations resulting from stylistic necessities. We understand that those were chosen by Mário to enhance the expressiveness of his text and we try to evidence, by inserting them in lexical-semantic-fields, the existence of themes revealing the poet\'s particular view of his world and time. The present work evidences the enlargement of Andrade\'s poetic territory which starts in a São Paulo city in urbanization process to embrace the whole multicultural country. Based on the themes and lexical choices made, the enunciator-poet, when uses the harlequin\'s mask, transfigures himself in a harlequin-poet, a soldier-poet and in a anthropologist-poet suggesting, in this way, the proximity or distance from specific social groups.