The advent of digital typography has seen the printed letter permeate many aspects of our world, due to its function as the visual manifestation of verbal language. However, few scientific researchers have paid attention to these innocuous and ubiquitous characters. Furthermore, existing typeface research has generally been divided into two strands: For nearly ninety years, communicators (writing, marketing, business, and design professionals) have made attempts to investigate how typefaces of different classes and styles might indicate different personalities to the viewer, and explored the notion of typeface appropriateness. More recently, psychologists have taken advantage of word processing software to manipulate perceptual fluency by changing the fonts of different documents, finding several interesting effects. In this study, two experiments were conducted, with the aim of acknowledging and synthesizing both lines of inquiry. In Experiment 1, a restaurant menu was printed with either an easy-to-read, fluent font or a difficult-to-read, disfluent font. It was expected that reading the disfluent font would influence participants’ (n = 110) choices from the menu as well as certain judgments about the dishes. However, there was only one significant effect, whereby participants who read the disfluent font expected to enjoy their chosen dessert less than those who read the fluent font. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 94) judged a person of the opposite sex using the Big Five Inventory, a measure of human personality. The target photograph was paired with a name set in one of two fonts (familiar and unfamiliar). Female participants rated the target higher on the factor of Openness when the name was printed in the novel font. The results of the current study indicate that to some extent, document designers may safely continue selecting typefaces through intuition, and do not necessarily need the supplementation of additional empirical research.

Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T13:59:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100738.pdf: 3664704 bytes, checksum: de6f58acb31cc8bacddbe799b382fecc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T14:11:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100738.pdf: 3664704 bytes, checksum: de6f58acb31cc8bacddbe799b382fecc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T14:11:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100738.pdf: 3664704 bytes, checksum: de6f58acb31cc8bacddbe799b382fecc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-25T14:43:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100738.pdf: 3664704 bytes, checksum: de6f58acb31cc8bacddbe799b382fecc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Quando as pessoas estão felizes, tendem a avaliar produtos e serviços de uma maneira mais positiva. Esta parece ser o objetivo subjacente ao uso crescente do humor nos serviços: induzir um estado afetivo positivo. Há relatos de sucesso do seu emprego em hospitais, escolas e instituições de treinamento. A literatura corrobora esta prática de promover estados afetivos positivos no consumidor, pois as avaliações costumam ser congruentes com o estado afetivo. Entretanto, algumas vezes, o humor não apenas não consegue gerar uma atitude favorável como até potencializa atitudes negativas. O objetivo desta Tese é sugerir e testar variáveis moderadoras que possam explicar este comportamento. Os resultados mostraram que a Ameaça modera a relação entre Humor e Atitude Relativa ao serviço assim como a relação entre Humor e Desejo de Experimentar o serviço. Esta Tese também propôs como hipótese que a Credibilidade e a Familiaridade poderiam diminuir ou eliminar o efeito redutor da Ameaça sobre a avaliação dos serviços com humor. Esta hipótese não foi confirmada para Credibilidade nos experimentos realizados, mas confirmou-se para Familiaridade. Portanto, Familiaridade provou ser uma condição segura para fundamentar o serviço com humor. / When people are happy they tend to evaluate products and services in a more positive manner. This seems to be the implicit objective behind the increasing use of humor in services: inducing a positive mood state. There are several examples of successful implementation of humor at hospitals, schools, training and educational facilities. Literature supports the practice of promoting consumer positive affective states: during evaluative judgments individuals use affective information in a congruent manner. However, sometimes humor cannot produce favorable attitudes and even magnifies negative ones. The goal of this thesis is to suggest and empirically test moderator variables that can explain this behavior. This thesis argues that when consumers anticipate potential damage to their well-being or self-esteem at the service, they feel threatened and evaluate service with humor poorly in comparison with the no humor alternative. The logic behind this hypothesis is that humor is ambiguous and his hostile and deprecating side would be considered in a situation of perceived threat, turning evaluations unfavorably or less favorably. The results show that threat moderates the relation between humor and service attitude and humor and willingness to try the service. This thesis also hypothesized that credibility and familiarity could reduce or eliminate the negative effect of threat on evaluations of services with humor. This hypothesis doesn’t hold for credibility, but it holds for familiarity. Therefore familiarity proved to be a safe ground to build service humor.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 817356 bytes, checksum: 3d92ee05ca1ae8120a03a662176e093b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / For appearing in a question of public health, the induced abortion has been the subject of the social debate. Nevertheless, the discussion is around the speeches that evaluate this behavior not only as a morally inacceptable fact, but also as an action passive of punishment inside the Brazilian legislation. From this reflection, this work analyzed the social perception of induced abortion and its relationship with a whole series of psychosocial factors that make this perception possible. The perception is understood inside three evaluative dimensions: community (how much the action of induced abortion is common), justice (how much the action of induced abortion is fair) and punishment (how much the action of induced abortion must be punished). They were presented stories of abortion in the conditions allowed by law (normalized) and in the not allowed conditions (non-normalized), and also participants who were requested to evaluate them as fair, ordinary and passive of punishment behavior. The considered psychosocial factors were social beliefs that support the social position facing the induced abortion, essentialist beliefs in the differences among men and women, religiosity and familiarity with the induced abortion. For this, it was realized a study correlated to the application of a questionnaire to 614 university students from both male and female sexes from a public university in Paraíba. The results found indicated, for the studied sample, that the induced abortion is perceived as a common behavior, for both situations, normalized (allowed by law) and non-normalized (illegal abortion). The normalized abortion was considered as fairer and less passive of punishment, while the participants considered the non-normalized abortion as less fair and more passive of punishment. As to the position, there was an adhesion to the arguments against the abortion practice, except the arguments linked to the autonomy and individual freedom of the woman to decide about her own body. The sample admitted a small familiarity with the phenomenon of abortion. In the perception of the abortion community (normalized and non-normalized), the explained variations were the position and the familiarity. But for the perception of the justice (normalized and nonnormalized) and the perception of the normalized punishment, the explained variations were the position and the religiosity. And for the perception of the non-normalized punishment, only the position appeared as an explained variation. It was observed that the essentialism does not appear as an explained variation of any perception. The results point to the fact that the more familiarity with the phenomenon of abortion the more is the attribution of the community, it is, there is the recognition of the raised occurrence of abortions for those who admit some type of proximity with the question. It makes sense then to strengthen the institutional role as promotional of the visibility of the abortion, to go beyond the perspective of the morality, but for the social problematic that it is involved with, while behavior daily practiced to the default of the moral judgments made by it. / Por configurar-se numa questão de saúde pública, o aborto provocado tem sido pauta do debate social. No entanto, a discussão se faz atravessada dos discursos que avaliam esse comportamento como um ato tanto moralmente inaceitável, como também passível de punição dentro da legislação brasileira. Partindo dessa reflexão, o presente trabalho analisou a percepção social do aborto provocado e sua relação com uma série de fatores psicossociais que fundamentariam essa percepção. A percepção é entendida dentro de três dimensões avaliativas: comunidade (o quanto a prática do aborto provocado é comum), justiça (o quanto a prática do aborto provocado é justa) e punição (o quanto a prática do aborto provocado deve ser punida). Foram apresentadas historias de abortamento dentro das condições permitidas em lei (normatizadas) e das condições não permitidas (não-normatizadas) e os participantes solicitados a avaliá-las como comportamento comum, justo e passível de punição. Os fatores psicossociais considerados foram crenças sociais que fundamentam o posicionamento social frente ao aborto provocado, crenças essencialistas nas diferenças entre homens e mulheres, religiosidade e familiaridade com o aborto provocado. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo correlacional com a aplicação de questionário a 614 estudantes universitários de ambos os sexos de uma universidade pública da Paraíba. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que, para a amostra estudada, o aborto provocado é percebido como um comportamento comum, tanto nas situações normatizadas (permitidas em lei) e não-normatizadas (aborto ilegal). O aborto normatizado foi percebido como mais justo e menos passível de punição, enquanto que os participantes perceberam o aborto não-normatizado como menos justo e mais passível de punição. Quanto ao posicionamento houve uma adesão aos argumentos contrários á prática do aborto, com exceção dos argumentos que vinculam-se a autonomia e liberdade individual da mulher para decidir sobre o próprio corpo. A amostra admitiu uma baixa familiaridade com o fenômeno do abortamento. Na percepção da comunidade do aborto (normatizado e não-normatizado), as variáveis explicativas foram o posicionamento e a familiaridade. Já para a percepção da justiça (normatizado e não-normatizado) e a percepção da punição normatizada, as variáveis explicativas foram o posicionamento e a religiosidade. E para a percepção da punição não-normatizada, apenas o posicionamento apareceu como variável explicativa. Observou-se que o essencialismo não aparece como variável explicativa de nenhuma das percepções. Os resultados encontrados apontam para o fato de que quanto mais familiaridade com o fenômeno do abortamento maior é atribuição de comunidade, ou seja, há o reconhecimento da elevada ocorrência de abortos por aqueles que admitem algum tipo de proximidade com a questão. Faz sentido então reforçar o papel institucional como promotor da visibilidade do abortamento, para além da perspectiva da moralidade, mas sim da problemática social que o envolve, enquanto comportamento cotidianamente praticado à revelia dos julgamentos morais a ele feito.

Cette thèse met en exergue les spécificités de la gouvernance des banques coopératives et du comportement financier de leurs parties prenantes (clients/employés). Le premier chapitre montre que les banques coopératives européennes (Allemagne, Autriche, Danemark, France, Italie) ont un pouvoir de marché plus faible que les banques commerciales. Les différences s’expliquent par des prix plus faibles pour les banques coopératives. Ces résultats suggèrent que les banques coopératives contribuent à améliorer la concurrence et le bien-Être des clients.Le second chapitre montre que les clients des banques coopératives (Allemagne, France et Italie) supportent des « switching costs » moins élevés que les clients des banques non-Coopératives. Ces résultats corroborent la spécificité de la gouvernance des banques coopératives. Cette étude montre que les « switching costs » ont un effet négatif sur la concurrence bancaire. Le troisième chapitre trouve que les motifs financiers expliquent l’achat des parts sociales. Ces résultats contredisent les « explications officielles » avancées par les instances représentatives des banques coopératives qui indiquent que les parts sociales sont achetées par les clients dans un but non-financier.Le quatrième chapitre montre que les employés des banques coopératives sont sujets au biais de familiarité et investissent dans les actifs financiers de leur banque (actions, parts sociales, obligations). Nos résultats suggèrent que la connaissance financière ne réduit pas ce biais comportemental. / This dissertation deals with the characteristics of cooperative banks’ governance and the financial behavior of their stakeholders (clients/employees). Chapter 1 shows that European cooperative banks (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, and Italy) have a lower market power than commercial banks. Differences are explained by lower prices for cooperative banks. These results suggest that cooperative banks contribute to enhance competition and customers’ welfare.Chapter 2 stressed that clients of cooperative banks (France, Germany, and Italy) have on average lower switching costs than clients of commercial banks. This result is in line with the governance of cooperative banks. In addition, this study shows that switching costs impact negatively banking competition.Chapter 3 shows that financial motives explain cooperative member shares purchases. These results contradict the official reasons given by the representative institutions of cooperative banks which indicate that non-Financial motives dominate when clients decide to become member of their cooperative bank. Chapter 4 shows that employees of cooperative banks are prone to familiarity bias and invest in financial assets of their own bank (Bonds, member shares, stocks). Our results suggest that financial literacy does not reduce familiarity bias.

The purpose of this thesis has been to illustrate the conditions for development of judgement-based professional skill, by means of institutionalised officer training. The study has been based on two questions: 1) What is, in the context of the exercise of the officer profession and the military school environment, the nature and epistemological foundations of the judicious action? 2) In what way can institutionalised officer training ensure the development of the judgment of future military leaders?This study is presented in the form of a scientific essay, departing from a personally experienced dilemma, which subsequently gets subjected to personal reflection as well as theoretical analysis, in which the author acts as both the subject and the object. The explo-ration has its starting point in the assumption that there is a decisive difference between knowing-that, knowing-how and knowing what, of which especially the latter requires judge-ment. Through a survey of the epistemological concepts of Aristotle and of Maria Hammarén applied to the professional skill of the officer and the military school environment, it is estab-lished that the judicious action is an indispensable part of the professional skill and that per-sonal judgement in its turn is a trained ability, first of all shown in action. A conclusion in this respect is that an officer needs the ability to make judicious decisions based on intuition as well as on analytical thinking, depending on the situation. The author puts Hammarén’s ideas of professional skill being developed through a combination of experience and reflection preferably organised in a reflecting practice, in the context of the military teacher.Another conclusion is that the judgement in (not least the military) professional skill in fact is the sound judgement, i.e. the ability to make and implement ethically well-founded decisions. This subject is further explored in relation partly to Hannah Arendt’s ideas of the role of sound judgement in a bureaucratic organisation, and partly to moral philosophical theories, put in the context of military professional skill and school environment. A conclu-sion is that the ethical education must aim at developing the willingness to do good, as well as the eye for judging what actions being morally right in a certain situation.The author also presents possible methods for establishing a reflective praxis within a military school environment.

Cette thèse porte sur la compréhension de textes et plus précisément sur son caractère dynamique. Elle interroge la validité d’une notion qui fait consensus dans les différents modèles de compréhension, celle du modèle de situation qui est la représentation de la situation évoquée par le texte. Construit tout au long de la lecture et permettant l’établissement de la cohérence, ce modèle de situation serait le produit fini obtenu à la fin de la lecture. A travers quatre séries d’expériences, ce travail étudie la répercussion qu’une tâche de compréhension proposée après lecture d’un texte, peut avoir sur la compréhension même du texte. La première série d’expériences examine si la dynamique du modèle de situation, c'est-à-dire sa mise à jour, perdure au-delà de la simple lecture du texte. Les séries d’expériences suivantes s’axent sur l’effet du contexte au moment de la tâche de compréhension. Plus précisément, la deuxième série d’expériences porte sur un effet de discriminabilité au sein des énoncés à juger dans la tâche de compréhension après lecture ; la troisième et quatrième série d’expériences manipulent la fluence conceptuelle et perceptive du traitement. Les résultats tendent à montrer que la réponse du participant n’est pas un acte faisant appel au passé et à une représentation, mais un acte dans le présent et dépendant du contexte situationnel. Ainsi, sa réponse n’est pas contenue dans un schéma pré-stocké que l’on pourrait nommer modèle de situation, mais émerge du présent et de son contexte. / This thesis is about text comprehension and more precisely about its dynamic feature. It questions the validity of a notion which has reached consensus in the various models of comprehension: The notion of situation model which is the representation of the situation evoked by the text. Founded throughout the reading and allowing the establishment of coherence, this situation model would be the final product obtained at the end of this reading. Through four series of experiments, this thesis puts under scrutiny the repercussion a comprehension task, proposed after the reading of a text, could have on the very comprehension of the text. The first series of experiments examines whether the model situation’s dynamic, meaning its updating, is maintained beyond a straightforward reading of the text. The next series of experiments are centred on the context effect when the comprehension task occurred. Much more precisely, the second series of experiments deals with the discriminability effect within the statements which are going to be judged during the comprehension task after reading; the third and fourth series of experiments manipulate the conceptual fluency and the perceptual fluency. The results tend to point to the fact that the participant’s response is not an act referring to the past and a representation, but an act embedded in the present, which depends on the situational context. Thus, the participant’s response is not held in a pre-stocked schema, that we could call situation model but emerges from the present and from its context.

Chez les patients présentant un trouble de la conscience l'évaluation de leurs fonctions cognitives résiduelles est un enjeu clinique majeur, limité par la faible sensibilité des tests. La musique en tant que stimulation émotionnelle en lien avec la mémoire autobiographique pourrait représenter une stimulation cognitive de choix chez cette population. De nombreuses études ont rapporté les effets bénéfiques d'une exposition à la musique sur le fonctionnement cognitif, à la fois normal et pathologique, mais aucune n'a permis de déterminer objectivement de tels effets chez les patients en état de conscience altérée. Ce travail de thèse s'articule en trois études principales : 1) la présentation d'extraits musicaux préférés chez des patients en éveil de coma est liée à une importante connectivité cérébrale au sein de structures corticales participant à la perception de la musique et à la récupération d'informations autobiographiques ; 2) la réponse cognitive au propre prénom P300 obtenue chez des patients en éveil de coma est évoquée plus souvent lorsque ce dernier est précédé d'un extrait musical préféré ; 3) un contexte musical personnel familier entraîne l'activation de multiples structures cérébrales notamment celles impliquées dans l'analyse de stimulations autobiographiques. L'ensemble de ces travaux témoigne du recrutement de nombreux réseaux cérébraux lors de l'écoute musicale que ce soit chez les sujets sains et les patients en éveil de coma et suggère l'existence d'un possible amorçage autobiographique par la musique. Ainsi, l'emploi de la musique permettrait de favoriser l'expression des capacités cognitives et conscientes des patients en coma et en éveil de coma / Evaluating the residual cognitive functions in patients with disorders of consciousness is a major clinical challenge, restricted by the poor sensitivity of clinical tests. Music as a highly familiar and emotional stimulus in close relationship with autobiographical memory may be constitute a relevant tool for cognitive stimulation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that music listening conveys beneficial effects on cognitive processes as well as both normal and pathologic cerebral functioning. Surprisingly, no quantitative study has evaluated the potential effects of music on cognition and consciousness in comatose and post-comatose patients. The present thesis revolves around three studies: 1) an increased functional connectivity during exposure of favourite music is shown in cortical structures linked to music perception and memory search processes for post-comatose patients; 2) the cerebral response to the first name, the P300 component, is more often observed in post-comatose patients when its presentation was preceded by a preferred musical excerpt; 3) listening to personally relevant music is associated to activations in many cerebral structures, particularly in regions linked to autobiographical memory retrieval and self-processing. The whole of this work reveals that listening music involves numerous cerebral networks whether it be in healthy subjects or post-comtaose patients. These results also suggest the presence of an autobiographical priming by music. Finally, the use of music in clinical context can be boost the cognition in comatose and post-comatose patients

Recollection, the process by which an item provokes the retrieval of associated information stored in the brain, is a key component of recognition memory. It is explored in this thesis through the use of a paradigm designed to allow the neural correlates of amount recalled to be identified through parametric fMRI analysis. A series of experiments were carried out during the development and optimisation of this paradigm in order to ensure that the various demands of this analysis were met. Subsequently this paradigm was applied during an fMRI experiment which provided data from both the encoding and retrieval stages of recollection.Whilst the development work was chiefly concerned with producing a suitable task design for the parametric fMRI analysis, these experiments provided some interesting results in their own right. The task design, which required participants to associate multiple item types within a story context, showed that there are significant differences in the frequency with which different stimuli are recollected. Participants were found to be particularly poor at recollecting faces whilst words were also shown to be recollected less frequently than either object or animal picture stimuli. A possible explanation for these differences may be related to the picture superiority effect although eye-tracking data collected from these experiments demonstrates large differences in viewing behaviour between different target stimulus types which is not correlated with later recall success. The amount of time participants spend engaging with the highly contextual scene item does predict later recall success.The fMRI analysis (Chapter 5) carried out during the encoding and retrieval stages of recollection found a variety of regions exhibiting a positive linear relationship with recollection at both these stages. This result provides support for the cortical reinstatement hypothesis of recollection despite the fact that the hippocampus only showed parametric modulation of activity during retrieval. It is proposed that parahippocampal activity during encoding and retrieval supports the recollection of contextual information whilst the same pattern of activity in parietal regions related to recollection may reflect the reinstatement of the global image of the story created during the encoding task.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de déterminer les facteurs explicatifs de la fidélité à l’enseigne - marque de service dans le contexte du pays émergent en intégrant le management de service et le marketing relationnel. Elle se compose de deux parties. La première partie permet de clarifier le concept de la fidélité à l’enseigne-marque de service selon une approche historique, conceptuelle et pluridisciplinaire. Elle vise à mieux comprendre la nature économique, culturelle, socio-démographique des pays émergents. Après une étude qualitative exploratoire, elle propose un modèle conceptuel de la fidélité du consommateur en combinant l’ensemble des concepts de l’expérience de service (qualité de service, image corporate) et de la relation client-marque (confiance, attachement). La deuxième partie est consacrée au test des hypothèses et à l’analyse des résultats suite à une enquête quantitative réalisée auprès des consommateurs bancaires vietnamiens. Les données sont traitées par les méthodes des équations structurelles, d’analyse des effets médiateurs simples et multiples, et la méthode d’orthogonalisation. Les résultats précisent la nécessité de concilier l’approche servicielle et relationnelle dans les études de la fidélité. Plus précisément : Valider l’impact direct et positif de toutes les variables centrales sur la fidélité du consommateur en soulignant le rôle pivot de la qualité perçue de service ; Valider l’impact indirect et positif de la qualité perçue, de l’image sur la fidélité à travers la confiance et l’attachement; Détecter et valider l’effet modérateur des variables contextuelles de la conformité sociale et de la familiarité du consommateur des pays émergents. / The objective of this thesis is to determine the factors explaining the service encounter/brand loyalty in the context of an emerging country by integrating service management and relationship marketing. It consists of two parts.The first part deals with the conceptual framework of this research. It clarifies the concept of service encounter/brand loyalty from a historical, conceptual and multidisciplinary approach. Second, it aims to better understand the demographic, economic and cultural nature of emerging countries. Finally, this section proposes, after an exploratory qualitative study, a conceptual model of customer loyalty by combining all of the concepts of the service experience (perceived service quality, corporate image) and customer - brand relationship (trust, attachment).The second part presents the empirical framework. It is dedicated to assumptions testing and results analyzing based on a quantitative survey of Vietnamese banking consumers. The data are processed by the methods of structural equation analysis, single and multiple mediating effects, and orthogonalization method. The results indicate the need to balance the service-based and relational approach in studies of loyalty. More specifically: i. Validate the direct and positive impact of all central variables on the customer loyalty by highlighting the pivotal role of the perceived quality of service; ii. Validate indirect and positive impact of perceived quality and corporate image on loyalty through trust and attachment; and iii. Detect and validate moderating effect of contextual variables of social compliance and familiarity of the consumer in emerging markets.

La mémoire épisodique correspond à la reviviscence consciente d'expériences personnelles ancrées dans un contexte spécifique. Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude des processus cognitifs et des mécanismes neuronaux du rappel épisodique chez l'Homme. Les souvenirs rappelés par les odeurs sont plus détaillés et plus émotionnels que ceux évoqués par d'autres modalités sensorielles. Ces spécificités expliquent pourquoi nous nous intéressons à l'évocation des souvenirs par des odeurs. Tout d'abord, une tâche comportementale novatrice est développée pour permettre l'étude contrôlée de la mémoire d'épisodes complexes constitués d'odeurs non familières (Quoi), localisées à des emplacements distincts (Où), d'un environnement visuel donné (Quel contexte). A l'aide de cette tâche, nous montrons que, lorsque les dimensions d'un épisode sont étroitement liées, la perception de l'odeur permet le rappel de l'ensemble du souvenir. Le rappel épisodique est essentiellement fondé sur des processus de recollection, la familiarité n'étant pas suffisante pour récupérer l'ensemble du souvenir. De plus, les odeurs associées à une émotion, quelle que soit leur valence, facilitent le rappel épisodique correct. Fonctionnellement, la mémoire épisodique est sous-tendue par un large réseau neuronal, constitué de régions typiquement impliquées dans la mémoire de laboratoire et la mémoire autobiographique. Les souvenirs corrects sont associés à un réseau neuronal différent des souvenirs incorrects, de la perception de l'odeur à la ré-expérience du souvenir. Des analyses de modularité indiquent que les interactions fonctionnelles au sein du réseau de la mémoire épisodique dépendent également de l'exactitude du souvenir. L'ensemble de ces travaux suggère que le rappel épisodique est un processus dynamique complexe, initié dès la perception des odeurs, et interdépendant d'autres systèmes de mémoire tels que les mémoires perceptive et sémantique / Episodic memory is the memory that permits the conscious re-experience of specific personal events and associated with a specific context. This doctoral research aims at investigating the cognitive processes and the neural bases of episodic retrieval in humans. Odor-evoked memories are known to be more detailed and more emotional than memories triggered by other sensorial cues. These specificities explain why we studied odor-evoked memories. First, a novel behavioral task has been designed to study in a controlled way the memory of complex episodes comprising unfamiliar odors (What), localized spatially (Where), within a visual context (Which context). From this approach, we suggest that when the binding between the episodes’ dimensions is strong, the odor perception evokes the whole episodic memory. The episodic retrieval is mainly based on recollection processes, the feeling of knowing being insufficient to induce complete memory recovery. Moreover, emotion carried by odors, whatever its valence, promote accurate episodic retrieval. Functionally, episodic memory is underpinned by a distributed network, constituted of regions typically found in laboratory and autobiographical memory approaches. Accurate memories are associated with a specific neural network, from odor perception to memory re-experience. Modularity analyses show that neural interactions within this network also depend on memory accuracy. Altogether, results of this research suggest that episodic retrieval is a dynamic and complex process, triggered by odors perception, closely linked to other memory systems such as perceptual and semantic memories