Com o posicionamento do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial, as comunidades que eram relacionadas a países do Eixo sofriam perseguições por parte das autoridades, além de ataques realizados pela imprensa e parte da população. Nas comunidades alemãs circulavam valores pangermanistas, incentivando a manutenção de costumes e do idioma alemão, e eram comuns sentimentos de pertença à Alemanha entre seus habitantes. Ao lado dos demais expedicionários, jovens destes locais foram convocados para a composição da FEB. A dissertação baseada principalmente em depoimentos orais e escritos estuda questões identitárias envolvidas na participação destes expedicionários. / When Brazil participated in the Second World War, the Brazilian immigrant communities that were related to the Axis Power suffered persecutions by governmental authorities as well as attacks made by the press and part of the population. In the German communities there were ideals based on Pan-Germanism including the use of German language and customs; feelings of belonging to Germany were common among its inhabitants. Beside other members of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB), people from these communities were also drafted. The research, based on different sources especially oral and written testimonies focuses on identity questions about these combatants.

Este trabalho analisa, mais do que os cantos de guerra do Brasil durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, o Brasil dos cantos de guerra. Trabalha com as peças criadas pelos combatentes da FEB e da FAB na Itália, com as músicas difundidas pelos músicos militares e pelas transmissões de rádio feitas pela FEB naquele país, e com os hinos que estimularam as ações patrióticas dos brasileiros em território nacional. Também se utiliza de discos comerciais, lançados nos anos em que o país participou efetivamente do conflito (1942-1945), que revelam a matéria brasileira naquela situação de rearranjo internacional. Todas essas canções passaram pelo crivo da teoria crítica brasileira, encontrando na paródia a ferramenta mais comum à época para a estruturação social na música. / This work analyses, over and beyond the Brazilian war songs during the Second World War, the Brazil (itself) in the war songs. It uses the plays created by the FEB and FAB combatants in Italy, the music revealed by the military musicians and by radio transmissions of FEB as well as the hymns that stimulated the patriotic actions of Brazilians throughout the country. Also, commercial records, launched during the years that the country effectively participated in the conflict (1942-1945), illustrating the Brazilian viewpoint during this particular situation of international rearrangement. All these songs have passed through the sieve of Brazilian Critical Theorry, finding in the parody the most common tool at the time for show the social structures in music.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, 2016. / Submitted by Camila Duarte (camiladias@bce.unb.br) on 2017-01-17T15:08:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_WilliamPereiraLaport.pdf: 11885083 bytes, checksum: f4cc94cbb1d7c6cea2705f7d123df82f (MD5) / Rejected by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br), reason: Altere as informações adicionais por favor? Obrigada! on 2017-02-13T18:36:41Z (GMT) / Submitted by Camila Duarte (camiladias@bce.unb.br) on 2017-02-14T15:28:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_WilliamPereiraLaport.pdf: 11885083 bytes, checksum: f4cc94cbb1d7c6cea2705f7d123df82f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2017-02-16T18:00:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_WilliamPereiraLaport.pdf: 11885083 bytes, checksum: f4cc94cbb1d7c6cea2705f7d123df82f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T18:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_WilliamPereiraLaport.pdf: 11885083 bytes, checksum: f4cc94cbb1d7c6cea2705f7d123df82f (MD5) / Quando a FEB foi organizada, a questão da Justiça em tempo de guerra exigiu alterações no sistema vigente, para adequar a legislação específica às contingências do envio de uma Força Expedicionária ao Teatro de Operações no além-mar. Assim, através do Decreto-lei nº 6.678/44, foi criada a Justiça Militar da FEB, composta de um Conselho Supremo de Justiça Militar, um Conselho Militar e duas Auditorias. A partir da análise de seus julgados, constata-se que a maioria dos delitos foi praticada por pessoal do contingente da tropa em serviço de retaguarda ou depósito. Em um desses casos, duas sentenças da Justiça Militar foram proferidas dando a pena máxima: morte por fuzilamento. Acontece, porém, que a sentença tinha obrigatoriamente de ser comunicada ao Presidente da República que, valendo-se do sentimentalismo brasileiro, comutou a pena máxima para 30 anos de prisão, posteriormente reduzida, proporcionando aos condenados cumprir uma pena de apenas seis anos, antes de serem postos em liberdade. Em verdade, a maioria das sentenças proferidas pela Justiça Militar não foram cumpridas, pois o Governo, por meio do Decreto nº 20.082/45, resolveu indultar a todos os oficiais e praças que, como integrantes da FEB, houvessem cometido crimes ou infrações que não de homicídio doloso ou deserção perante o inimigo. Os que ficaram de fora desse indulto, tiveram suas penas comutadas, o que causou um esvaziamento das funções desempenhadas por aquela Justiça especializada e um questionamento acerca de sua importância. / When the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (“FEB”) was organized, the issue of wartime justice demanded changes in the current system to suit specific legislation to the contingencies of sending an expeditionary force to a theater of operations overseas. Thus, through the Decree-Law n. 6.678/44, the Military Justice of the FEB was established, comprised of a Supreme Council of Military Justice, a Military Council and two Military Courts. From the analysis of its sentences, it’s noted that most of the crimes were committed by the personnel on rearguard force or deposit. In one of those cases, two capital trials resulted in death verdicts: death by firing squad. It turns out, however, that the sentence must had to be communicated to the President of Republic who, taking advantage of the Brazilian sentimentality, commuted the death penalty to 30 years of prison, later reduced, providing those convicts serving only a six years sentence, until they’ve been set free. In fact, most of the sentences of the Military Justice have not been met, because the Government, through de Decree n. 20.082/45, decided to pardon all officers and soldiers that had committed crimes or offenses other than murder or desertion in the presence of the enemy. Those who were left out of this pardon, have had their sentences commuted, which caused a stripping of the duties assigned to that specialized Justice, and a critical questioning about its importance.

本論文共分五章。第一章為緒論，包括研究問題、研究動機與研究意義。研究問題在探詢「二二八事件」當時台灣主要官方報紙《台灣新生報》呈現了什麼觀點、其言論立場的轉變的原因為何？此轉變對日後台灣媒體論述有什麼影響？研究動機主要想瞭解「二二八事件」期間《台灣新生報》言論立場轉變之原因，進而反省當今媒體意識形態問題，藉以瞭解國民黨意識形態如何運用媒體形塑文化霸權論述。同時說明「二二八事件」與《台灣新生報》的研究意義與價值。 第二章為文獻回顧與理論探討，首先回顧「二二八事件」的相關研究，並藉由與文獻對話的過程體現研究者對「二二八事件」的論述觀點。理論的部分則在檢視葛蘭西的「文化霸權」理論，思索身為國家意識形態機器的《台灣新生報》在事件期間的角色與其報導論述之取向。 第三章觀察《台灣新生報》文本在「二二八事件」期間的論述立場、報導題材與版面處理的變化，瞭解在政府介入下該報霸權論述的形塑過程。 第四章進一步探究《台灣新生報》文本內容，指出該報在特定意識形態力量召喚下所呈現出的幾種霸權論述樣貌。 第五章為結論，說明《台灣新生報》霸權論述的意義，指出國民黨的意識形態霸權對台灣媒體論述的影響，反思當前台灣媒體諸問題。 / This thesis is divided into five chapters. It starts, in “Introduction,” with the explanation of the author’s problem, motivation and the significance of this study. For a start, the problem is to find out what kinds of news were represented and why its remarks had transformed Taiwan Shin Sheng Daily News（hereafter TSSDN）, Taiwan’s major publicly-owned newspaper at that time, on its viewpoints of the Feb.28 Incident. In addition, questions are asked about how this change has made an impact on Taiwan media accounts and remarks. Secondly, the motivation is mainly to understand why TSSDN altered its statement and remarks during the Feb.28 Incident. In observing this change, the author tries to discover how KMT ideology took advantage of the media and formed its hegemony as a reminder of present-day media ideological problems in Taiwan. At the same time, the researcher manifests the meaning and value of this thesis. The second chapter deals with“literature review”and“theory probing.”To begin with, the author reviews studies regarding the Feb.28 Incident and makes clear his own view on the Incident by means of a dialogue with the literature. Moreover, by inspecting Gramsci’s hegemony theory, the author ponders on TSSDN’s role as the Ideological State Apparatus and its accounts of the incident In the third chapter, the author scrutinizes TSSDN’s discourse to find out its perspective, accounts and layouts during the Feb.28 Incident in an attempt to understand the progress of TSSDN’s discursive hegemony built in the era of government intervention. In the fourth chapter, the author probes further into TSSDN’s discourse to identify several patterns under the summons of the specific ideology. In the concluding chapter, by interpreting the meaning of TSSDN’s hegemony discussion, the author points out the influence of KMT’s ideological hegemony on Taiwan media remarks and introspects on current problems of Taiwan media.

Etwa die Hälfte aller Solarzellen weltweit wird aus blockerstarrtem Silizium hergestellt. Derartige Blöcke weisen in ihren Außenbereichen eine verringerte Diffusionslänge der Minoritätsladungsträger auf. Um die Ursache dafür im Fall des bodennahen Bereichs zu bestimmen wurden zwei Spezialblöcke (ein Block mit reduzierter Bor-Dotierung und ein Block mit Phosphor-Dotierung) - u. a. mittels DLTS und FTIR - auf Kristalldefekte untersucht. Zusätzlich zu Dotierelementen (B, P, Al, As) wurden im Bodenbereich folgende Defekte nachgewiesen: <u>Metalle</u>: Fe, Cr <u>Sauerstoffhaltige Defekte</u>: Interstitieller Sauerstoff, Thermische Donatoren (TD), O1, O2 <u>Stickstoffhaltige Defekte</u>: NN-Paar, NNO-Komplex, Shallow Thermal Donors (STD) <u>Ausgedehnte Defekte</u>: Versetzungen, Ausscheidungen, Korngrenzen. Die Verteilung der flachen Donatoren (P, TD, STD, As) und Akzeptoren (B, Al) bestimmt den Widerstandsverlauf im bodennahen Bereich des Phosphor dotierten Spezialblocks. Das dortige Diffusionslängenprofil kann im Rahmen der Shockley-Read-Hall-Statistik erst durch eine Erhöhung des Minoritätseinfangquerschnitts für das Cr-Niveau (Faktor 5) bzw. für das STD-Niveau (Faktor 10) nachgezeichnet werden. Eisen, Versetzungen und Korngrenzen haben hier keinen wesentlichen Einfluss. In den untersten Millimetern des Spezialblocks müssen weitere Defekte hinzukommen, die die Diffusionslänge zusätzlich reduzieren; Thermische Donatoren und O1 und eventuell Ausscheidungen kommen dazu in Frage. Die sinngemäße Übertragung der Konzentrationsverläufe aus den beiden Spezialblöcken auf einen Block mit einer produktionsüblichen Dotierung ([B]≈10^{<small>16</small>}/cm^{<small>3</small>}) ergibt, dass in diesem Fall verschiedene Defekte (TD, STD, CrB und FeB) einen Beitrag zur Diffusionslängenreduktion im bodennahen Blockbereich liefern.

Etwa die Hälfte aller Solarzellen weltweit wird aus blockerstarrtem Silizium hergestellt. Derartige Blöcke weisen in ihren Außenbereichen eine verringerte Diffusionslänge der Minoritätsladungsträger auf. Um die Ursache dafür im Fall des bodennahen Bereichs zu bestimmen wurden zwei Spezialblöcke (ein Block mit reduzierter Bor-Dotierung und ein Block mit Phosphor-Dotierung) - u. a. mittels DLTS und FTIR - auf Kristalldefekte untersucht. Zusätzlich zu Dotierelementen (B, P, Al, As) wurden im Bodenbereich folgende Defekte nachgewiesen: <u>Metalle</u>: Fe, Cr <u>Sauerstoffhaltige Defekte</u>: Interstitieller Sauerstoff, Thermische Donatoren (TD), O1, O2 <u>Stickstoffhaltige Defekte</u>: NN-Paar, NNO-Komplex, Shallow Thermal Donors (STD) <u>Ausgedehnte Defekte</u>: Versetzungen, Ausscheidungen, Korngrenzen. Die Verteilung der flachen Donatoren (P, TD, STD, As) und Akzeptoren (B, Al) bestimmt den Widerstandsverlauf im bodennahen Bereich des Phosphor dotierten Spezialblocks. Das dortige Diffusionslängenprofil kann im Rahmen der Shockley-Read-Hall-Statistik erst durch eine Erhöhung des Minoritätseinfangquerschnitts für das Cr-Niveau (Faktor 5) bzw. für das STD-Niveau (Faktor 10) nachgezeichnet werden. Eisen, Versetzungen und Korngrenzen haben hier keinen wesentlichen Einfluss. In den untersten Millimetern des Spezialblocks müssen weitere Defekte hinzukommen, die die Diffusionslänge zusätzlich reduzieren; Thermische Donatoren und O1 und eventuell Ausscheidungen kommen dazu in Frage. Die sinngemäße Übertragung der Konzentrationsverläufe aus den beiden Spezialblöcken auf einen Block mit einer produktionsüblichen Dotierung ([B]≈10^{<small>16</small>}/cm^{<small>3</small>}) ergibt, dass in diesem Fall verschiedene Defekte (TD, STD, CrB und FeB) einen Beitrag zur Diffusionslängenreduktion im bodennahen Blockbereich liefern.

台灣金融檢查原由財政部金融局、中央銀行金融業務檢查處及中央存款保險公司以分工方式辦理，後為求檢查標準一致，於2004年7月移撥各金檢單位人力，成立行政院金融監督管理委員會檢查局，統籌辦理金融檢查相關事宜，台灣金融檢查邁入一元化時代。檢查局成立迄今已近七年，現行金融檢查一元化制度是否有調整或檢討之處？本文研究目的將針對台灣現行金融檢查一元化制度之運作情形予以分析，探討以下問題。一、對金融檢查「一元化」情形之探討；二、一元化對金融檢查任務影響之探討；三、一元化對檢查後導正措施影響之探討；四、一元化金融檢查對金融機構成本負擔之探討，並進一步訪談金融機構主管及資深金融檢查人員，提供具體建議供台灣日後檢討金融檢查一元化制度之參考。 / The on-site examinations of financial institutions in Taiwan were carried out by three different agencies - the Ministry of Finance (Bureau of Monetary Affairs), the Central Bank (Department of Financial Inspection), and the Central Deposit Insurance Corporation. For consistent standards of financial examinations, the Financial Supervisory Commission Financial Examination Bureau (FEB) was then set up on July 1, 2004, with examiners came from these three agencies. The FEB is responsible for examining financial institutions and examination connected therewith. The financial examination system in Taiwan is then in unified era. The FEB was set up almost seven years till now. Would there be any adjustment needed for the financial examination system, or should the financial examination system need to be reexamined? The purpose of this study is to analyze the operating conditions of current unified financial examination system in Taiwan and to investigate the following issues: 1. Investigating the situation of “unification” in financial examination system. 2. Investigating the influence of the executing results of financial examination in the implementation of unified financial examination system. 3. Investigating the influence of the correcting mechanisms post financial examinations in the implementation of unified financial examination system. 4. Investigating the influence of the burden costs of financial institutions in the implementation of unified financial examination system. Further more, interviewing some officers of financial institutions and senior financial examiners to provide some amendable suggestions as references when reexamine the unified financial examination system in Taiwan.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tomain_cs_dr_fran.pdf: 1310739 bytes, checksum: 3b1bbf44a0aa1b003f100b4315956e16 (MD5) / Neste trabalho procurei refletir como se deu a representação da FEB e dos ex-combatentes brasileiros no cinema documentário contemporâneo, dos anos de 1990 e 2000, compreendendo a relação destes filmes com a memória da FEB e da participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Nestes 60 anos de pós-guerra, o passado destes ex-combatentes foi submetido a quatro articulações que encontraram de uma maneira ou de outra ressonância no cinema: a memória “enquadrada” de 1944/45; a memória “emprestada” de 1960/70; a memória “atacada” de 1980/90 e a memória “em combate” de 2000. No fim da guerra foi forjada a imagem de uma FEB vitoriosa e de heróis nacionais, elegendo a conquista de Monte Castelo como o principal feito do soldado brasileiro na “Campanha da Itália”. O inverno europeu e os quatro ataques mal sucedidos ao Apenino transformaram Monte Castelo no maior mito da participação brasileira no conflito mundial. Mas os anos que se seguiram ao retorno da FEB ao Brasil foram acompanhados de um descaso total do Estado e da sociedade civil pelas experiências de guerra daqueles homens e mulheres que ainda mesmo na Itália já tinham sido desmobilizados. Foram nos anos de 1960/70 que a memória dos ex-combatentes assumiu nova conotação, tomada emprestada pelos militares no poder a “Campanha da Itália” passou a ser o horizonte para qual a sociedade civil e os militares deveriam olhar no tocante a uma nova luta que se configurava no cenário político nacional e internacional da época: a luta contra o comunismo foi a continuação da luta da FEB na Itália contra o nazi-fascismo. No entanto, este (res)sentimento de anticomunismo, que teve origem em 1935 com a Intentona Comunista e que veio sendo articulado e atualizado pelos militares ao longo dos anos, gerou um contra-sentimento de antimilitarismo em uma... / In this work I tried to reflect on how the representation of FEB and Brazilian former combatants at the contemporary documentary cinema was in the years of 1990 and 2000, understanding the relationship of those films with the recollection of FEB and the participation of Brazil in the Second World War. During the 60 after-war years, the past of these former combatants has been submitted to four connections which encountered, somehow or other, success at the cinema: the “framed” memory of 1944/45; the “lent” memory of 1960/70; the “attacked” memory of 1980/90 and the memory “in combat” of 2000. At the end of the war, an image of an victorious FEB and of national heroes was fabricated, electing the conquest of Monte Castelo (Mount Castle) as the main deed of the Brazilian soldier at the “Italian Campaign”. The European winter and the four badly-succeeded attacks to the Appennines transformed Monte Castelo into the biggest myth of the Brazilian participation in the world conflict. However, the years after the return of FEB to Brazil were followed by a total negligence from the State and the civil society by the war experiences of those men and women who, even in Italy, had already been demobilized. It was in the years of 1960/70 which the memory of the former combatants assumed a new connotation, borrowed by the militaries in the power. The “Italian Campaign” started being the horizon at which the civil society and the militaries should look when it comes to a new fight which was being formed at the national and international political scenario of such time: the fight against the Communism was the continuation of FEB’s fight in Italy against the nazi-fascism. However, this feeling/resentment of anti-communism, which started in 1935 with the Communist Intentona and which was being articulated and updated by the militaries along the years, provoked a counter-feeling of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / En este trabajo busqué reflexionar como se dio la representación de FEB y de los ex combatientes brasileños en el cine documentario contemporáneo, de los años 1990 y 2000, comprendiendo la relación de estas películas con la memoria de FEB y de la participación de Brasil en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En esos 60 años de posguerra, el pasado de esos ex combatientes fue sometido a cuatro articulaciones que encontraron de una manera o otra, resonancia en el cine: la memoria “encuadrada” de 1944/45; la memoria “prestada” de 1960/70; la memoria “atacada” de 1980/90 y la memoria “en combate” de 2000. En el fin de la guerra fue forjada la imagen de una FEB victoriosa y de héroes nacionales, eligiendo la conquista de Monte Castelo como el principal hecho del soldado brasileño en la “Campaña de Italia”. El invento europeo y los cuatros ataques sin éxito al Apenino transformaron Monte Castelo en el mayor mito de la participación brasileña en el conflicto mundial. Pero los años que se siguieron al retorno de FEB al Brasil fueron acompañados de un descaso total del Estado y de la sociedad civil por las experiencias de guerra de aquellos hombres y mujeres que todavía mismo en Italia ya habían sido desmovilizados. Fueron en los años de 1960/70 que la memoria de los ex combatientes asumió nueva connotación, tomada prestada por los militares en el poder la “Campaña de Italia” pasó a ser el horizonte para lo cual la sociedad civil y los militares deberían mirar en el tocante a una nueva lucha que se configuraba en el escenario político nacional e internacional de la época: la lucha contra el comunismo fue la continuación de la lucha de FEB en Italia contra el nazifascismo. Entretanto, este (re)sentimiento de anticomunismo, que tuvo origen en 1935 con la Intentona Comunista y que vino siendo articulada y actualizada por los militares a lo largo de los años, ... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletronico abajo)

Submitted by Patricia Ribeiro (patriciasribeiro@oi.com.br) on 2013-10-06T23:45:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese completa_REV4.pdf: 4260577 bytes, checksum: 5c17b80f8fd705309e80b8fbf99d7f7c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2013-11-18T17:11:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese completa_REV4.pdf: 4260577 bytes, checksum: 5c17b80f8fd705309e80b8fbf99d7f7c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-11-22T16:17:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese completa_REV4.pdf: 4260577 bytes, checksum: 5c17b80f8fd705309e80b8fbf99d7f7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-22T16:17:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese completa_REV4.pdf: 4260577 bytes, checksum: 5c17b80f8fd705309e80b8fbf99d7f7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-23 / This thesis aims at the investigation of how the issue of conflicting memories about the participation of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (BEF) during World War II is configured today . To accomplish this goal, it was necessary to take into account not only the political players that act in this process – among others: State, Army, Veteran's Associations and society – as well as the fluctuations and appropriations of their memory. Traumatic memories of the veterans about this event arise through different ways of self-writing – with special emphasis on journals, letters and interviews – and lead to the notion of the duty of memory in the fight for reparation and recognition. / O presente trabalho procura investigar como se configura atualmente o campo da disputa memorial sobre a participação da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB) durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Para isso, foi preciso levar em conta não apenas os sujeitos políticos que atuam nesse processo – entre outros: Estado, Exército, Associações de veteranos e sociedade – como também as flutuações e apropriações de memória das quais se valem. As memórias traumáticas que os veteranos guardam desse episódio ganham voz através das diversas modalidades da escrita de si – com destaque para os diários, as correspondências e entrevistas – e remetem à noção do dever de memória na luta por reparação e reconhecimento.