In this study, the effects of submergence on local scour in a uniform cohesionless sediment bed by a plane turbulent wall jet and the resulting flow field were investigated experimentally. Here, submergence is defined as the ratio of the tailwater depth to the thickness of the jet at its origin. The main focus was to determine scour dimensions at an asymptotic state, examine whether there was similarity in the velocity profiles for the flow in the scour hole, and to determine the growth of the length scales and decay of the maximum velocity of the jet. Also examined were the relationships between the scales for the velocity field in the scour hole and the scour hole size.<p>In the experiments, the range of submergence was varied from 3-17.5, whereas the range of densimetric Froude number and the ratio of the boundary roughness to the gate opening (relative boundary roughness) were varied from 4.4-6.9 and 0.085-0.137 respectively. The velocity field in the scour hole at asymptotic state was measured using a SonTek 16-MHz MicroADV. Time development of the characteristic dimensions of the scour hole was also measured.<p>The dimensions of the scour hole were found to increase with increasing submergence for all experiments with a bed-jet flow regime. In the bed-jet flow regime, the jet remains near the bed throughout the scouring process. Further, the time development of the scour hole dimensions were observed to increase approximately linearly with the logarithm of time up to a certain time before the beginning of asymptotic state for experiments with either the bed-jet or surface-jet flow regimes.<p> The flow field results showed that the velocity profiles in the region of forward flow and the recirculating region above the jet were similar in shape up to about the location of the maximum scour depth. Relationships describing this velocity profile, including its velocity and length scales, were formulated. The decay rate of the maximum velocity, the growth of the jet half-width, and the boundary layer thickness were also studied. The decay and the growth rate of the jet length scales were found to be influenced by the submergence ratio, densimetric Froude number, and the relative boundary roughness.<p>Two distinct stages in the decay of the maximum streamwise velocity, with distance along the direction of flow, were observed for the jet flows having a bed-jet flow regime. The first stage of velocity decay was characterized by a curvilinear decay of velocity, which followed that of a wall jet on a smooth, rigid bed for streamwise distance approximately equal to 2L. For the surface-jet flow regime, the decay of velocity was observed to be similar to that of a free-jump on a smooth, rigid bed for a streamwise distance approximately equal to L. Here, L is defined as the streamwise distance measured from the end of the rigid apron to where the maximum streamwise velocity in the jet is half the velocity of the jet at the end of apron. The streamwise maximum velocity of the jet was then seen to increase in what was called the recovery zone.<p>A relationship for the streamwise decay of the maximum velocity within the scour hole is proposed. Moreover, other scales representing the flow inside the scour hole such as the streamwise distance from the end of the apron to where the streamwise maximum velocity starts to deviate from curvilinear to linear decay and the streamwise distance to where maximum streamwise velocity starts to increase are suggested. Some new results on the velocity distribution for the reverse flow for a bed-jet flow regime are also presented. Finally, some dimensionless empirical equations describing the relationship between the jet scales for the jet flow in a scour hole and the scour hole size are given.

With the deregulation of power industry and the market competition, reliable power supply and secured system operation are major concerns of the independent system operator (ISO) or decision-maker (DM). Power dispatch under deregulated environment is complicated with various possibilities of decisions involved. Without the assistance of Energy Management System (EMS), it is not easy for ISO or DM to operate with pure experiences. To enhance the operational efficiency, EMS involves the state-of-the-art control technology, and the fast and effective computer assisted decision support system will help dispatch the power. A conventional EMS has a few major tasks, among them, the ¡§network analysis¡¨ task and the ¡§forecast and scheduling¡¨ task are the most important in assisting the on-line power dispatch. In dealing with the new deregulated environment, an ¡§operational planning¡¨ has to be added to aid the EMS for more security. There are significant changes on EMS after deregulation. This dissertation will focus on the changes and new functions, in the ¡§network analysis¡¨ and the ¡§forecast and scheduling¡¨ tasks of an EMS, which supports the operation in the competitive environment. In the ¡§network analysis¡¨ task, we discuss the real and reactive power dispatch and congestion management with AC optimal power flow (OPF). In this task, the formulation of AC OPF with deregulation issues and the effect of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices are presented. A predictor-corrector interior-point nonlinear-programming (PCIPNLP) algorithm has been developed to solve the problem. The model involves only slight modification to the present OPF for social welfare maximization to obtain the optimized bid-based dispatch and nodal spot prices. The incorporation of FACTS devices for system operations can ease the difficulties caused by transmission congestion. It is found that PCIPNLP technique is very effective for the modified OPF solution for congestion relief under deregulation. In the ¡§forecast and scheduling¡¨ task, we discuss the resource scheduling for bid-based dynamic economic dispatch and spot dispatch for power and reserve. They can be formulated for social welfare maximizing problem that is solved by using an efficient interior point method. And the optimal resource allocation and nodal spot price can be given from the various test results. We have also proposed a fuzzy based strategic gaming method to determine the GenCo¡¦s bidding strategy. Based on fuzzy set theory, a multi-criteria decision-making method is used to obtain the optimal strategy combination, bids and expected payoffs. Decision maker can find the optimal strategy combination by using weight vector to represent his subjective attitude about the structure of multi-objectives. The advantages have also been demonstrated through the numerical examples. Compared with the classical (¡§nonfuzzy¡¨) game theory, the proposed approach could help the decision maker to obtain higher expected payoffs, and make his choices easily. Possible applications of the proposed fuzzy method can be suggested for other decision-making problems in the power systems

<p>Recombinant strategies are today dominating in thedevelopment of modern subunit vaccines. This thesis describesstrategies for the production and recovery of protein subunitimmunogens, and how genetic design of the expression vectorscan be used to adapt the immunogens for incorporation intoadjuvant systems. In addition, different strategies fordelivery of subunit vaccines by RNA or DNA immunization havebeen investigated.</p><p>Attempts to create general production strategies forrecombinant protein immunogens in such a way that these areadapted for association with an adjuvant formulation wereevaluated. Different hydrophobic amino acid sequences, beingeither theoretically designed or representing transmembraneregions of bacterial or viral origin, were fused on gene leveleither N-terminally or C-terminally to allow association withiscoms. In addition, affinity tags derived from<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>protein A (SpA) or streptococcalprotein G (SpG), were incorporated to allow efficient recoveryby means of affinity chromatography. A malaria peptide, M5,derived from the central repeat region of the<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>blood-stage antigen Pf155/RESA,served as model immunogen in these studies. Furthermore,strategies for<i>in vivo</i>or<i>in vitro</i>lipidation of recombinant immunogens for iscomincorporation were also investigated, with a model immunogendeltaSAG1 derived from<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. Both strategies were found to befunctional in that the produced and affinity purified fusionproteins indeed associated with iscoms. The iscoms werefurthermore capable of inducing antigen-specific antibodyresponses upon immunization of mice, and we thus believe thatthe presented strategies offer convenient methods for adjuvantassociation.</p><p>Recombinant production of a respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) candidate vaccine, BBG2Na, in baby hamster kidney(BHK-21) cells was investigated. Semliki Forest virus(SFV)-based expression vectors encoding both intracellular andsecreted forms of BBG2Na were constructed and found to befunctional. Efficient recovery of BBG2Na could be achieved bycombining serum-free production with a recovery strategy usinga product-specific affinity-column based on a combinatoriallyengineered SpA domain, with specific binding to the G proteinpart of the product.</p><p>Plasmid vectors encoding cytoplasmic or secreted variants ofBBG2Na, and employing the SFV replicase for self-amplification,was constructed and evaluated for DNA immunization against RSV.Both plasmid vectors were found to be functional in terms ofBBG2Na expression and localization. Upon intramuscularimmunization of mice, the plasmid vector encoding the secretedvariant of the antigen elicited significant anti-BBG2Na titersand demonstrated lung protective efficacy in mice. This studyclearly demonstrate that protective immune responses to RSV canbe elicited in mice by DNA immunization, and that differentialtargeting of the antigens expressed by nucleic acid vaccinationcould significantly influence the immunogenicity and protectiveefficacy.</p><p>We further evaluated DNA and RNA constructs based on the SFVreplicon in comparison with a conventional DNA plasmid forinduction of antibody responses against the<i>P. falciparum</i>Pf332-derived antigen EB200. In general,the antibody responses induced were relatively low, the highestresponses surprisingly obtained with the conventional DNAplasmid. Also recombinant SFV suicide particles inducedEB200-reactive antibodies. Importantly, all immunogens inducedan immunological memory, which could be efficiently activatedby a booster injection with EB200 protein.</p><p><b>Keywords</b>: Affibody, Affinity chromatography, Affinitypurification, DNA immunization, Expression plasmid, Fusionprotein, Hydrophobic tag, Iscoms, Lipid tagging, Malaria,Mammalian cell expression, Recombinant immunogen, RespiratorySyncytial Virus, Semliki Forest virus, Serum albumin,<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>protein A, Subunit vaccine,<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i></p>

Wie lassen sich Corporate Design-konforme Drucksachen erzeugen, ohne Zugang zur Gestaltung zu haben. Der Vortrag stellt das strukturierte Datenformat XML, die Transformationssprache XSLT, die Formatierungssprache XSL-FO und den FO-Prozessor Apache FOP vor. Am praktischen Beispiel des TU Chemnitz-Plakatgenerators wird erläutert, wie der Formatierungsprozess abläuft. Des Weiteren wird die Softwarearchitektur des Generators vorgestellt, der sich vorliegender XML-Schablonen bedient, um automatisch und dynamisch das Nutzer-Eingabeformular im Webbrowser zu erzeugen.

In der Bachelorarbeit werden im Rahmen des Studium der Kunstpädagogik an der Universität Leipzig auf Grundlage von Recherche, Quellenstudium, Erfahrungswissen und Synthese einige Aspekte zum Spannungsfeld von BNE und Kunstpädagogik vorgestellt, die einem breiten Publikum einen nachvollziehbaren Zugang sowie ein besseres Verständnis zum Themenkomplex „Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung“ ermöglichen sollen. Dazu werden Rahmenbedingungen und entscheidende Dokumente im Kontext der UNESCO-Bestrebungen zur kulturellen Bildung identifiziert sowie Defizite und Reserven im Kontext der weiteren Ausprägung von BNE für den Bereich kunstpädagogischer Praxis abgeleitet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, 2005. / "June 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-126). Also available electronically via the Australian Digital Theses Program.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / In 1948, Manoelito of Ornellas published his work Gauchos and Bedouins: ethnicity and the social formation of Rio Grande do Sul, inserting himself in the debates on the (re)formulation of regional identity carried out in the mid-twentieth century in the state. At that time, disputes involving the legitimate past and what is and how to be gaucho took new turns, different from those born with the creation of IHGRS and the "official line". Both history as discipline and the social actors involved changed. In this research, we try to demonstrate the transformation that occurred and how the work and the author fit into the heart of this process. For this, the dissertation is divided into three chapters In the first, will be addressed the relations of the author and his work with their contexts, especially the historiographical culture of Rio Grande do Sul and the debates around the regionalist literature, tradition in which he was inserted as an intellectual. The second chapter takes place a mixture of biography and intellectual biography, paying attention to the trajectory of Manoelito in seek of grants to interrelate their written production. In the third and last is performed an internal review of Gauchos and Bedouins, trying to understand their epistemological assumptions, notions and central representations builded, his dialogue with the historiographical culture of the period and the insertion in the debate on the identity (re)construction during the publication period. The research is linked to the Research Field Integration, Politic and Frontier of the PPGH-UFSM and was funded by a CAPES/FAPERGS scholarship. / Em 1948, Manoelito de Ornellas publicou sua obra Gaúchos e Beduínos: a origem étnica e a formação social do Rio Grande do Sul, inserindo-se nos debates sobre a (re)formulação da identidade regional levadas a cabo em meados do século XX no estado. Naquele momento, as disputas envolvendo o passado legítimo e os sentidos do ser gaúcho tomaram novos rumos, distintos daqueles nascidos com a criação do IHGRS e o "discurso oficial". Tanto a história disciplinar quanto os atores sociais envolvidos mudaram. Busca-se demonstrar as transformações ocorridas e como obra e autor inserem-se no âmago desse processo. Para isso, a dissertação divide-se em três capítulos. No primeiro, serão abordadas as relações do autor e sua obra com seus contextos, principalmente a cultura historiográfica sulrio- grandense e os debates em torno da literatura regionalista, tradição de pensamento na qual se inseriu como intelectual. No segundo capítulo, realiza-se uma mescla de biografia e biografia intelectual, atentando para a trajetória de Manoelito e buscando subsídios para inter-relacionar sua produção escrita. No terceiro e último, é realizada uma análise interna de Gaúchos e Beduínos, procurando compreender seus pressupostos epistemológicos, as noções e representações centrais construídas, o diálogo com a cultura historiográfica do período e a inserção nos debates sobre a (re)construção identitária local durante o período de publicação. A pesquisa vincula-se à Linha de Pesquisa Integração, Política e Fronteira do PPGH-UFSM e foi realizada com auxílio de bolsa CAPES/FAPERGS.

Desde a década de 1980 diversos autores apresentaram correlações entre provas de carga estática e ensaios de carregamento dinâmico em estacas. Para uma boa correlação é fundamental que os testes sejam bem executados e que atinjam a ruptura segundo algum critério, como o de Davisson, por exemplo, além de levar em conta o intervalo de tempo entre a execução da prova de carga estática e do ensaio dinâmico, face ao efeito \"set up\". Após a realização do ensaio dinâmico realiza-se a análise CAPWAP que permite a determinação da distribuição do atrito lateral em profundidade, a carga de ponta e outros parâmetros dos solos tais como quakes e damping. A análise CAPWAP é realizada por tentativas através do procedimento \"signal matching\", isto é, o melhor ajuste entre os sinais de força medido pelos sensores e o calculado. É relativamente fácil mostrar que a mesma solução pode ser obtida através de dados de entrada diferentes. Isso significa que apesar de apresentarem cargas mobilizadas próximas o formato da curva da simulação de prova de carga estática, obtida pelo CAPWAP, assim como a distribuição do atrito lateral, podem ser diferentes, mesmo que as análises apresentem \"match quality\" (MQWU) satisfatórios. Uma forma de corrigir o formato da curva simulada do CAPWAP, assim como a distribuição do atrito lateral, é através da comparação com provas de carga estática (PCE). A sobreposição das duas curvas, a simulada e a \"real\", permite a determinação do quake do fuste através do trecho inicial da curva carga-recalque da prova de carga estática, que por sua vez permite uma melhor definição da distribuição do atrito lateral e da reação de ponta. Neste contexto surge o conceito de \"match quality de recalques\" (MQR). Quando a PCE não está disponível, propõe-se efetuar um carregamento estático utilizando o peso próprio do martelo do bate-estaca (CEPM). Mostra-se, através de dois casos de obra, em que estavam disponíveis ensaios de carregamento dinâmico e PCEs, que esse procedimento permite obter uma melhor solução do ponto de vista físico, isto é consistente com as características do subsolo e com a curva carga-recalque da PCE, e não apenas matemático, através da avaliação do \"match quality\" (MQWU). / Since the 1980s a lot of authors showed correlations between static load tests and dynamic load tests on piles. For a good correlation it is necessary a good execution of the load test, also it is necessary to choose a capacity value from the results of the static load test, for example, the Davisson Offset limit load. The time of execution between the static load test and the dynamic load test should be considered because of the set up effect. Dynamic data may be further analyzed by CAPWAP Method to evaluate the soil resistance distribution, the toe resistance, quake and damping values. It is a signal matching method. Its results are based on the \"best possible match\" between computed pile top variable such as the pile top force and its measured equivalent. It is easy to demonstrate almost the same pile capacity on CAPWAP using different soil parameters. It means that even the pile capacity is almost the same, the shape of the pile top load-displacement of the CAPWAP Method and the shaft friction distribution can be different, although all results confirm good match quality. One way to correct the shape of the top loaddisplacement of the CAPWAP Method, as well as the shaft friction distribution, is by comparisson to a static load test. Overlaying both curves, the static load test and the CAPWAP Method, it is possible to determine the shaft quake value on the initial loads on the top load-displacement curve, allowing this way a improvement of the shaft resistance distribution and the toe resistance. In this context arises the concept of \"match quality of settlements\". When the static load test is not avaliabe, this thesis proposes a static load test using the hammer\'s weight of the pile driving machine. It is shown by two case studies that were available static load tests and dynamic load tests, this procedure allows a better solution on physics aspects, this is consistent with the subsoil conditions and the load-settlement curve of the static load test, not only a mathematical solution based on match quality.

The diploma thesis deals with the closure of an individual enterpreneur and a corporation business from an accounting and tax point of view. Futher, it consideres the requirements which are forced on the enterpreneurs closing business by the different fields of the Czech legislation especially in company law, social security and labour law. Basic problems are simulated on examples of fictitious businessmen.

Change is a constant factor in today's society and an important factor in the success of organizations. As a result, it is highly important that organizations learn to manage change in order to stay competitive and keep up with the rapidly changing market conditions. Change Management has therefore been a highly emphasized area within Business Administration. As new trends arise on the global market, it is important for organizations to be able to adapt. One of these trends is the implementation of the Activity-Based Flexible Office (A-FO). An Activity-Based Flexible Office consists of different areas with closed, half-open or open zones. The areas are created in order to match employee needs and the requirements of each work activity that needs to be conducted. As a result, no one is assigned a personal workstation, instead the employees move between different areas depending on what type of work activity they need to accomplish. Even though Change Management has been thoroughly investigated and A-FOs have been researched to some extent, no previous research has been found regarding the change process of implementing an A-FO. The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the difference in managers’ and employees’ perceptions regarding the change process towards an A-FO. As a result, a deeper understanding of change management as well as of the effects of the A-FO will be provided from the viewpoints of managers and employees. This leads to the research questions: “How does the perception of the change process concerning activity-based flexible offices differ between managers and employees? What do managers and employees perceive as essential factors of the change process and A-FO implementation and how do these perceptions differ?”. The Theoretical Framework mainly consist of previous research models and theories regarding change management literature, work environment and activity-based flexible offices as well as employee satisfaction. Communication has also been chosen as an important factor as it has been stated to be vital in both change management and within the A-FO. Furthermore, in order to fulfil the purpose of the thesis and answer the research questions, the chosen research method for this study is qualitative with an exploratory research design and an inductive approach. Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven respondents from a department at Skellefteå municipality who were chosen based on a combination of a purposive and snowball sampling method. After the interviews were transcribed, the empirical findings were analyzed and presented by using a thematic analysis. The findings show that when conducting an A-FO change process, managers’ and employees’ perceptions often differ. Managers often focus on the practical aspects of a change, while employees emphasized on “soft values”. Employees were also more skeptical towards the change in the beginning, compared to managers, and seemed more aware of possible disturbances in the A-FO. Furthermore, both managers and employees were highly satisfied with the change process and the implementation of the A-FO, but emphasized on different factors resulting in increased satisfaction. To conclude, since managers’ and employees’ perception regarding the A-FO change process often differ, but can also coincide, it is important to take both aspects into consideration when conducting this type of change. By involving everyone in the change process, it is more likely to be successful.