No description available.

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology for water treatment due to their ability to draw freshwater using an osmotic pressure gradient across a semi-permeable membrane. However, the lack of draw agents that could both produce reasonable flux and be separated from the draw solution at a low cost stand in the way of widespread implementation. This study had two objectives: evaluate the performance of three materials — peptone, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) — as potential draw agents, and to use multi-criteria decision matrices to systematically prioritize known draw agents from literature for research investigation. Peptone showed water flux and reverse solute flux values comparable to other organic draw agents. CMC’s high viscosity made it impractical to use and is not recommended as a draw agent. Fe3O4 NPs showed average low fluxes (e.g., 2.14 LMH) but discrete occurrences of high flux values (e.g., 14 LMH) were observed during FO tests. This result indicates that these nanoparticles have potential as draw agents but further work is needed to optimize the characteristics of the nanoparticle suspension. Separation of the nanoparticles from the product water using coagulation was shown to be theoretically possible if only electrostatic and van der Waals forces are taken into account, not steric repulsion. If coagulation is to be considered for separation, research efforts on development of nanoparticle suspensions as FO draw agents should focus on development of electrostatically stabilized nanoparticles. A combination of Fe3O4 NP and peptone showed a higher flux than Fe3O4 NPs alone, but did not produce additive or synergistic flux. This warrants further research to investigate more combinations of draw agents to achieve higher flux than that obtained by individual draw agents. Potential draw agents were prioritized by conducting a literature review of draw agents, extracting data on evaluation criteria for draw agents developed over the past five years, using these data to rank the draw agents using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS). The evaluation criteria used in the ranking matrices were water flux, reverse solute flux, replenishment cost, regeneration cost, and regeneration efficacy. The results showed that the top five ranked draw agents were P-2SO3-2Na, TPHMP-Na, PEI-600P-Na, NaCl, and NH4-CO2. The impact of the assumption made during the multi-criteria decision analysis process was evaluated through sensitivity analyses altering criterion weighting and including more criteria. This ranking system provided recommendations for future research and development on draw agents by highlighting research gaps.

La Terre contient une quantité significative d’eau et son manteau est très oxydé par rapport aux conditions canoniques de la nébuleuse solaire, ce qui est contradictoire avec l’existence de son noyau métallique et sa position dans le Système solaire. Ceci implique que l’état rédox de la Terre ait augmenté au début de son histoire. Aujourd’hui, de nombreuses études suggèrent que cette évolution se soit faite à travers une accrétion hétérogène. Ainsi les premières briques élémentaires de notre planète seraient constituées de matériel très réduit et une grande partie de la différenciation précoce (extraction du noyau et différenciation silicatée) se seraient donc déroulées en conditions très réductrices (entre IW-5.5 et IW-2). L’objectif de cette thèse est de mesurer l’impact de ces conditions sur le comportement des terres rares (REE) et des éléments fortement chargés (HSFE), et de modéliser leur répartition dans les différents réservoirs lors de la différenciation précoce de la Terre. Nous réalisons une soixantaine d’expériences de fusion – cristallisation à l’équilibre de matériel chondritique à basse (5 GPa) et haute (26 GPa) pression, dans une gamme de conditions rédox allant de IW (tampon fer – wüstite) à IW-8. Afin de caractériser le paramètre fO 2 dans ces conditions extrêmes, nous développons un formalisme thermodynamique adapté, basé sur l’équilibre Si-SiO 2 . En analysant les différentes phases à l’équilibre dans les différents échantillons, nous calculons et établissons la première banque de données de partage cristal (enstatite, bridgmanite = pérovskite silicatée, majorite) – liquide silicaté, métal-silicate et sulfure-silicate pour les HFSE et les REE en conditions très réductrices. Grâce aux données enstatite – liquide nous développons un proxy de la fO 2 , basé sur le rapport D(Cr)/D(V) et grâce auquel nous mesurons la fO 2 de chondres de type I comme étant similaires aux conditions canoniques de la nébuleuse (IW-7). Nos données de partage métal – silicate prouvent que l’extraction du noyau terrestre n’est pas à l’origine d’un fractionnement des terres rares. Au contraire, en mesurant pour la première fois le spectre XANES du Nb 2+ et du Ta 3+ dans des verres silicatés à des teneurs de l’ordre du ppm, nous prouvons que le comportement de Nb et Ta est contrôlé par la fO 2 . En intégrant nos données de partage à un modèle d’accrétion hétérogène nous montrons que la signature sous-chondritique en Nb/Ta de la Terre silicatée peut être le résultat de l’accrétion d’un matériel chondritique évoluant avec le temps combinée à l’extraction du noyau en conditions réductrices, ce qui réfute l’hypothèse d’une Terre se formant à partir d’un matériel oxydé. Nos expériences de haute pression montrent que le partage des REE et des HFSE dans la majorite et la bridgmanite est très sensible à la fO 2. De plus, le processus de dismutation du fer, invoqué pour expliquer l’augmentation de la fO 2 du manteau lors de la cristallisation de l’océan magmatique, ne semble pas être un mécanisme efficace en-dessous de IW. Enfin, nos données montrent que Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Nb et Ta sont chalcophiles en conditions très réductrices. L’extraction précoce d’un liquide sulfuré dans ces conditions a donc pu modifier les rapports élémentaires supposés chondritiques dans la Terre silicatée. L’extraction d’une importante quantité de FeS pourrait aussi être à l’origine d’un découplage Zr/Hf. / The Earth contains significant amounts of water and its mantle is highly oxidized compared to the solar nebula canonical conditions, which is inconsistent with the existence of its metallic core and its location in the Solar System. This implies the redox state of the Earth has increased during its early history as suggested in heterogeneous accretion models. Thus, the first building blocks of our planet would have been made of highly reduced material, and the early Earth’s differentiation (core extraction and silicate differentiation) would have taken place under highly reducing conditions (between IW-5.5 and IW-2). The aim of this thesis is to measure the impact of these conditions on rare earth elements (REE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) behavior, and model their distribution into the main reservoirs formed early in Earth’s history. We run about sixteen melting – crystallization experiments, starting from chondritic material and equilibrating it at low (5 GPa) and high (26 GPa) pressure, spanning a redox range going from IW (iron – wüstite buffer) to IW-8. In order to characterize the fO 2 parameter in these extreme conditions, we develop an adapted thermodynamic formalism, based on Si-SiO 2 equilibrium. Analyzing the various equilibrated phases within our experimental samples, we calculate and propose the first crystal (enstatite, bridgmanite = Mg-perovskite, majorite) – silicate liquid, metal – silicate, sulfide – silicate partition coefficients database for HFSE and REE under highly reducing conditions. Using our enstatite-liquid data we develop a fO 2 proxy based on D(Cr)/D(V) ratio and we measure type I chondrule fO 2 as being similar to canonical nebular conditions (IW-7). Our metal-silicate partitioning data prove that Earth core extraction is not responsible for REE fractionation. On the contrary, recording for the first time Nb 2+ and Ta 3+ XANES spectra in silicate glasses and at ppm level concentrations, we prove that Nb and Ta behavior is mainly controlled by fO 2 . Using our partitioning data in a heterogeneous accretion model, we show that sub-chondritic Nb/Ta signature of the silicate Earth (14 ± 0.3) can be the result of the accretion of chondritic material changing with time, combined with the progressive extraction of the core in reducing conditions. This refutes the hypothesis of an oxidized material building the Earth. Our high-pressure experiments show that REE and HFSE partitioning in majorite and bridgmanite is very sensitive to fO 2 . Moreover, iron dismutation process, invoked to explain mantle fO 2 increase during magma ocean crystallization, does not seem to be an efficient mechanism below IW. Finally, our data show that Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Nb and Ta are chalcophiles under highly reducing conditions. Consequently, early extraction of a sulfide melt at an early and reduced stage could have modified chondritic elementary ratios in the silicate Earth. Extraction of a substantial amount of FeS may also cause a Zr/Hf decoupling.

政治系統的維持、適應與發展，非有一套適合其運作的價值體系不可，而此一價值體 係如何內化為系統成員的「內在心理取向」、亦即形成政治態度的過程－－政治社會 化，乃為有關學者所深切重視的問題。國內學者對於政治社會化的研究，自袁頌西、 易君博撰文引介後，經胡佛、陳義彥、陳文俊等學者大力研究，時至今日，政治社會 化己成為政治科學最重要的研究領域之一；以各級學校在校生為研究對象而言，研究 所、大學、高（初）中及小學均有研究成果問世。筆者對此領域亦深感興趣，經吾師 義彥之啟迪、面允，乃以五專學生為研究對象，探討我國五專學生的政治定向與行為 模式。 本文依據教部七十六年「中華民國教育統計」所列十四萬八仟一百十二名學生中、分 層隨機抽取百分之一為樣本，運用本校電算中心PRIM７５０機所備有的SPSSX 程式， 進行各項統計分析。問卷編製係引用或改編前人設計為主，其次則以筆者多年涉入青 年活動的體驗，另增設問項若干，總計問卷題數一四七題。 本文僅就政治社會化的結果－政治態度及其與社會化媒體關聯做嘗試性的探討；其中 由於在困果次序難以論定的限制下，本文僅嘗認尋找與特定政治態度相關聯的媒體作 為政治態度的測度指標。 本文概分五章，除第一章緒論、第二章結論外，其餘各章要旨如下： 第二章：研究方法。主要在敘明本文的研究架構、假設、設計及施測情形。 第三章：政治態度的成份。首先假定政治態度的構成成分包括：認知、情感及行動傾 向三部分，並以因素分析方法所析出之因子印證，次以社會屬性進行差異性檢定。 第四章：政治態度的預測。本章分別以同輩團體、家庭、學校及大傳媒介等四種社會 化媒體對「知、情、意」等三個政治態度面向進行迴歸分析，以探討各媒體內含因子 對政治態度各面向的總預測力及關聯。

138f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-08-16T13:01:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Henrique Campos de Oliveira.pdf: 3181552 bytes, checksum: e92c6e461e4f28e41309e956df2db3f4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-08-16T18:08:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Henrique Campos de Oliveira.pdf: 3181552 bytes, checksum: e92c6e461e4f28e41309e956df2db3f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-16T18:08:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Henrique Campos de Oliveira.pdf: 3181552 bytes, checksum: e92c6e461e4f28e41309e956df2db3f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / CAPES / Esta dissertação busca descrever como ocorreu o processo decisório de incorporação do Porto Sul à Agenda do Governo do Estado da Bahia. Desse objetivo geral se destacam as seguintes questões específicas: Quais os grupos participantes, preponderantes na incorporação do Porto à agenda da política pública de infraestrutura de transporte? Quais eventos na esfera política proporcionaram a incorporação desse porto à agenda do estado? Como se procedeu a relação entres os principais grupos participantes? Para responder a essas questões, o estudo foi baseado na perspectiva analítica tradicional dos múltiplos fluxos de Kingdon (2003), sobre o processo decisório de agenda do Governo Federal estadunidense, nas áreas de saúde e transporte. A partir desse referencial adotado, foi elaborado um mapa analítico com apoio também, na literatura específica sobre políticas públicas de portos, levantada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica extensiva, no banco de tese da Capes e nas bibliotecas da UFBA e USP. Bem como se buscou evidenciar a trajetória histórica de concepção de portos na RLS. A pesquisa empírica é caracterizada com um estudo de caso, no qual foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 28 participantes, identificados pela metodologia, bola de neve e pela literatura levantada. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada em três dimensões: o fluxo percepção do problema; o jogo de interesses; e delineamento das soluções. Ao final do trabalho, pode-se afirmar que o fluxo percepção do problema apresenta maior convergência com a incorporação do porto à agenda estadual, devido a eventos como a viabilidade da mina e a produção de grãos do oeste. O fluxo, jogo político, converge com a janela, por conta do alinhamento existente entre o Governo Estadual e Federal. Nesse fluxo, há limitações devido a interesses geopolíticos contra a construção do porto na RLS. Já o fluxo referente ao delineamento das soluções técnicas é o mais fragilizado pela participação consistente, tanto dos grupos de contestação local, quanto dos organismos de controle institucional, que acabam também, atuando na dimensão correspondente ao jogo de interesses. This paper seeks to describe the decision making process as it did to incorporate the South Port to the agenda of the Government of the State of Bahia. From this general aim is highlight the following specific questions: What are the predominant groups participating in the merger of the Port to the agenda of public policy for transportation infrastructure? What events in the political incorporation provided that port to the agenda of the state? As we proceeded the relationship as between the main groups involved? To answer these questions, the study was based on traditional analytical perspective of multiple streams of Kingdon (2003) on decision-making agenda of the federal government in health care and transportation. From this point of view adopted, an analytical map was produced with support also in the specific literature on public policies ports raised through extensive literature on the bank of the Capes and the thesis of the university libraries and USP. Well as it sought to highlight the historical trajectory design of ports in RLS. Empirical research is characterized with a case study in which interviews were conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 participants identified by the snowball method and raised in the literature. The analysis of interviews was conducted in three dimensions: perception of the flow problem, the game of interest, and design solutions. At the end of the work, it can be stated that the flow perception of the problem is more convergence with the incorporation of the port state to the agenda due to events such as the viability of the mine and the production of grain from the west. The political game flow converges with the window because of the alignment between the state and federal government. In this flow there are limitations due to geopolitical interests against the construction of the port in RLS. Since the flow for the design of technical solutions is most weakened by the consistent participation of both groups to challenge local and institutional control of bodies that also end up playing the game in the corresponding dimension of interest / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 montezuma_r_me_rcla.pdf: 2261471 bytes, checksum: e8de3c70b94bdde4b8cd09e24247eaf2 (MD5) / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o Perfil de Textura (TPA) em formulações comerciais de “carne bovina em conserva” (corned beef) enlatada processada termicamente e avaliar sua relação com os valores de esterilização (F0), com a Concentração da Proteína do Tecido Conjuntivo Colagenoso (CCTP) e com a Concentração da Proteína do Tecido Muscular (MTP). Foram selecionados 14 lotes de produção de corned beef em latas tronco trapezoidais de 340 g correspondentes ao padrão continental Campden A e destes foram retiradas 24 latas do produto dos sub lotes submetidos ao processamento térmico. Destas latas foram retiradas seis amostras aleatórias para determinação do TPA e para análise da composição visando determinação da Proteína do Tecido Conjuntivo Colagenoso (CCTP), da Proteína do Tecido Muscular (MTP) e do Conteúdo Carne Magra (LMC). As latas de corned beef analisadas foram submetidas a tratamentos térmicos de 75,0 a 76,7 minutos, com a temperatura da autoclave a 121o C e resfriamento a 35o C durante 60 minutos, obtendo-se valores de F0 no centro de massa do produto variando de 14,8 a 20 minutos. Os parâmetros de TPA dureza, fraturabilidade, coesividade, elasticidade, adesividade, mastigabilidade, gomosidade e resiliência foram determinados no bloco integral do produto bloco resfriado a 4ºC em oito pontos na superfície. Os mesmos blocos do produto utilizados para determinação do TPA foram analisados quanto à composição média, apresentando concentração de 0,4 a 2,5% para CCTP, de 21,7 a 25,3% para MTP e de 102,79 a 107,95% para LMC. Os tratamentos de corned beef avaliados apresentaram diferenças significativas pelo teste de Tukey nas médias dos parâmetros dureza, gomosidade, mastigabilidade, adesividade e elasticidade. Os três primeiros parâmetros apresentaram correlações significativas fortemente negativas com o valor... / The objectives of this research were the determination of the texture profile of canned corned beef thermally processed and to evaluate its relationship with the sterilization value (F0) and the composition. Fourteen production batches of Campden A grade 340-g corned beef cans were selected, from which twenty-four cans of the thermal process sub-batches were retrieved. From the sub-batches, six random sample cans were taken and its content submitted to the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) and to the composition analysis to determine the concentration of the Collagenous Connective Tissue Protein (CCTP), the Muscular Tissue Protein (MTP) concentration and the Lean Meat Content (LMC). The corned beef samples analyzed were submitted to thermal treatments at 121o C (retort steam temperature) for varying heating times, from 75 to 76 minutes and cooled at 35o C (retort water temperature) during 35 minutes, to obtain F0 values at the product center point varying from 14.8 to 20 minutes. The TPA parameters were determined in 8 points of the whole corned beef loaf of each sample, previously chilled and stabilized at 4o C temperature, to obtain hardness, fracturability, cohesiveness, elasticity, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience. The same sample material were then analyzed in terms of average composition of the product, resulting in concentrations in the range of 0.4 to 2.5% for CCTP, 21.7 to 25.3% for MTP and content from 102.8% to 108.0% for LMC. The treated corned beef samples analyzed showed significant differences in the means for hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and elasticity. These parameters showed dependence with the sterilization value (F0), revealing negative strong significant correlation for F0 with hardness, gumminess and chewiness. The MTP and LMC values showed a high positive significant correlation with cohesiveness. It was observed a high... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Roger Darros Barbosa / Banca: Pedro Fernando Romanelli / Banca: Marcos Franke Pinto / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o Perfil de Textura (TPA) em formulações comerciais de "carne bovina em conserva" (corned beef) enlatada processada termicamente e avaliar sua relação com os valores de esterilização (F0), com a Concentração da Proteína do Tecido Conjuntivo Colagenoso (CCTP) e com a Concentração da Proteína do Tecido Muscular (MTP). Foram selecionados 14 lotes de produção de corned beef em latas tronco trapezoidais de 340 g correspondentes ao padrão continental Campden A e destes foram retiradas 24 latas do produto dos sub lotes submetidos ao processamento térmico. Destas latas foram retiradas seis amostras aleatórias para determinação do TPA e para análise da composição visando determinação da Proteína do Tecido Conjuntivo Colagenoso (CCTP), da Proteína do Tecido Muscular (MTP) e do Conteúdo Carne Magra (LMC). As latas de corned beef analisadas foram submetidas a tratamentos térmicos de 75,0 a 76,7 minutos, com a temperatura da autoclave a 121o C e resfriamento a 35o C durante 60 minutos, obtendo-se valores de F0 no centro de massa do produto variando de 14,8 a 20 minutos. Os parâmetros de TPA dureza, fraturabilidade, coesividade, elasticidade, adesividade, mastigabilidade, gomosidade e resiliência foram determinados no bloco integral do produto bloco resfriado a 4ºC em oito pontos na superfície. Os mesmos blocos do produto utilizados para determinação do TPA foram analisados quanto à composição média, apresentando concentração de 0,4 a 2,5% para CCTP, de 21,7 a 25,3% para MTP e de 102,79 a 107,95% para LMC. Os tratamentos de corned beef avaliados apresentaram diferenças significativas pelo teste de Tukey nas médias dos parâmetros dureza, gomosidade, mastigabilidade, adesividade e elasticidade. Os três primeiros parâmetros apresentaram correlações significativas fortemente negativas com o valor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objectives of this research were the determination of the texture profile of canned corned beef thermally processed and to evaluate its relationship with the sterilization value (F0) and the composition. Fourteen production batches of Campden A grade 340-g corned beef cans were selected, from which twenty-four cans of the thermal process sub-batches were retrieved. From the sub-batches, six random sample cans were taken and its content submitted to the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) and to the composition analysis to determine the concentration of the Collagenous Connective Tissue Protein (CCTP), the Muscular Tissue Protein (MTP) concentration and the Lean Meat Content (LMC). The corned beef samples analyzed were submitted to thermal treatments at 121o C (retort steam temperature) for varying heating times, from 75 to 76 minutes and cooled at 35o C (retort water temperature) during 35 minutes, to obtain F0 values at the product center point varying from 14.8 to 20 minutes. The TPA parameters were determined in 8 points of the whole corned beef loaf of each sample, previously chilled and stabilized at 4o C temperature, to obtain hardness, fracturability, cohesiveness, elasticity, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience. The same sample material were then analyzed in terms of average composition of the product, resulting in concentrations in the range of 0.4 to 2.5% for CCTP, 21.7 to 25.3% for MTP and content from 102.8% to 108.0% for LMC. The treated corned beef samples analyzed showed significant differences in the means for hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and elasticity. These parameters showed dependence with the sterilization value (F0), revealing negative strong significant correlation for F0 with hardness, gumminess and chewiness. The MTP and LMC values showed a high positive significant correlation with cohesiveness. It was observed a high... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

Title: Influence of guide dog ownership on physical activity and quality of life of people with visual impairments Objectives: The main objective of the thesis was to examine differences in quality of life and volume of physical activity in persons with visual impairments who own/do not own a guide dog. Methods: It is theoretically empirical work. A quantitative form of questioning was used for the research part of this thesis. The method chosen for data collection was the standardised IPAQ questionnaire and the revised SF-36 questionnaire. The research group consisted of people with visual impairments who own/do not own guide dogs. The survey involved 15 people with visual impairments (7 women, 8 men), out of this number 8 respondents own a guide dog (5 women, 3 men) and 7 respondents do not own a guide dog (3 women, 4 men). The average age of respondents with a guide dog was - women 32 years, men 31 years. In respondents without a dog - women 32 years, males 38 years. Results: The results showed up to twice the time devoted to regular physical activity in a group of visually impaired individuals who own a guide dog, compared to individuals without a dog. Individuals with dogs were measured at 17995 MET-min/week, compared to individuals without a dog who had 5368 MET-min/week. Necessary walking...

Wie lassen sich Corporate Design-konforme Drucksachen erzeugen, ohne Zugang zur Gestaltung zu haben. Der Vortrag stellt das strukturierte Datenformat XML, die Transformationssprache XSLT, die Formatierungssprache XSL-FO und den FO-Prozessor Apache FOP vor. Am praktischen Beispiel des TU Chemnitz-Plakatgenerators wird erläutert, wie der Formatierungsprozess abläuft. Des Weiteren wird die Softwarearchitektur des Generators vorgestellt, der sich vorliegender XML-Schablonen bedient, um automatisch und dynamisch das Nutzer-Eingabeformular im Webbrowser zu erzeugen.