Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar o processo de formação de professores iniciantes de francês como língua estrangeira (FLE) sob o enfoque do ensino como trabalho. De forma mais específica, pretendemos analisar o papel das entrevistas de aloconfrontação (MOLLO, FALZON, 2004) nesse processo, identificando os questionamentos dos professores quando se veem diante de dilemas do trabalho de ensino vividos por outros professores e a forma como essas entrevistas podem contribuir para a construção de noções sobre o trabalho do professor de FLE. Para a compreensão desse processo sob o ponto de vista dos próprios professores, realizamos nosso estudo no contexto de um curso de francês em extensão universitária. Fizemos uso da aloconfrontação (MOLLO, FALZON, 2004), um método de intervenção formativa baseado na noção de confrontação entre o sujeito e sua atividade realizada por outros, em que, primeiramente, realizamos reuniões de discussão sobre o trabalho a fim de identificar os questionamentos dos professores desse contexto e, em um segundo momento, convidamos quatro professores a assistirem a vídeos de aulas de outros professores e comentarem-nos, possibilitando, assim, que eles verbalizassem seus questionamentos. O corpus desta pesquisa consiste nos textos das reuniões e das entrevistas e foi analisado segundo os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 1999, 2004; BULEA, 2010). Adotamos como referência pesquisas produzidas no Brasil que consideram o ensino como um trabalho (LOUSADA, 2006, 2011; MACHADO, 2004, 2007) contamos, também, com aportes teóricos da Clínica da Atividade (CLOT, 1999, 2001a, 2008) e da Ergonomia da Atividade (FAITA, 2004, 2011; AMIGUES, 2002, 2004; SAUJAT, 2004). Os resultados de nossas análises permitiram-nos identificar alguns questionamentos dos professores iniciantes de FLE que participaram de nossa pesquisa e observar o posicionamento deles diante de suas dificuldades. Além disso, pudemos observar a construção de noções sobre o trabalho do professor de FLE propiciadas pelas verbalizações e generalizações da experiência vivida dos participantes. Entre outras contribuições, destacamos que a pesquisa confirmou o papel das aloconfrontações como um instrumento (VYGOTSKI, 1934/1997) que contribui para a reflexão sobre outras maneiras de realizar o trabalho do professsor de FLE , portanto para sua formação. / This dissertation goal is to study the process of development of beginning teachers of French as a foreign language (FLE) under the focus of teaching as work. In a more specific way, we aim at analyzing the role of allo-confrontation interviews (MOLLO, FALZON, 2004) in this process. To do so, we tried to identify teachers queries when they face teaching dilemmas lived by other teachers and to study how these interviews can contribute to the construction of notions about the FLE teachers work. In order to understand this process from the point of view of the teachers, we conducted our study in the context of a French open course at the University. We used allo-confrontation (MOLLO, FALZON, 2004), a method of formative intervention based on the concept of confrontation between the subject and its activity performed by others. First, we made some discussion meetings about the work in order to identify teachers queries in this context and, in a second moment, we invited four teachers to watch and to comment recorded classes from other teachers, making it possible for them to verbalize about their own queries. Our research corpus consists of texts from these meetings and interviews which were analyzed according to the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Socio-Discursive Interactionism (BRONCKART, 1999, 2004; BULEA, 2010). Our study is also based on studies produced in Brazil which consider teaching as work (LOUSADA, 2006, 2011; MACHADO, 2004, 2007), as well as in many theoretical contributions from Clinic of Activity (CLOT, 1999, 2001a, 2008) and Ergonomics of Activity (FAITA, 2004, 2011; AMIGUES, 2002, 2004; SAUJAT, 2004). The results of our analyzes led us to two conclusions: we could observe some queries from the beginning teachers of FLE who participated of our research and their opinion on their own difficulties. Besides that, we could observe that the fact participants verbalized and generalized their lived experience allowed the construction of notions of the teacher of FLEs work. Among other contributions, we highlight that our research confirmed the role of the allo-confrontation as an instrument (VYGOTSKI, 1934/1997) that contributes to think about ways of doing teachers of FLE work and to their development.

Les textes littéraires dans l’enseignement du français, langue étrangère nous montrent l’emploi du lexique et de la morphosyntaxe dans un contexte linguistique, socioculturel et communicatif authentique. Ils motivent en outre les apprenants par un « plaisir de lecture ». Les textes illustrés ou les bandes dessinées renforceront ces objectifs et ils faciliteront encore mieux pour nos étudiants l’accès à la lecture grâce à la complémentarité du texte et de l’image. Astérix en sera le corpus principal, combinant le texte et l’image, la langue, la culture et des connaissances diverses. En comparant les interprétations variées des lecteurs chinois et des lecteurs français sur Astérix chez les Bretons, nous mettons en évidence l’interculturalité franco-chinoise, ce qui facilitera la compréhension de la langue et de la culture françaises. Le public visé est celui des étudiants de 3e année de licence des universités chinoises. Nous exploiterons ainsi la valeur pédagogique d’Astérix, tout en contribuant à la recherche sur l’emploi des textes illustrés et des bandes dessinées dans l’enseignement du FLE en Chine. / Literary texts in teaching French as a foreign language show us the use of an authentic lexicon and morphosyntax, in a linguistic, socio-cultural and communicative context. In addition, they motivate students through « reading pleasure ». Illustrated texts or comics reinforce these objectives, and they facilitate further access of reading by combining text and image. Astérix will be the main corpus, as it combines text and image, language, culture and diverse knowledge. By comparing the various interpretations of Chinese and French readers of Astérix in Great Britain, we bring to the fore Franco-Chinese interculturality, which will facilitate understanding of French language and culture. Chinese students in the third year of university curriculum are our targeted public. We will thus take advantage of the educational value of Astérix, while contributing to research on the use of illustrated texts and comics in teaching French as a foreign language in China.

La problématique de cette recherche porte sur l'autonomisation des enseignants de français en poste dans les institutions d'enseignement secondaire au Cap-Vert. L'auteure se base sur des enquêtes de terrain auprès d'enseignants de français et d'acteurs sociaux concernés par l'enseignement-apprentissage du français ; sa recherche-action s'articule autour de quatre chapitres où le premier expose ses choix méthodologiques et son positionnement interne et externe comme enseignante-chercheur.Le second chapitre a pour finalité de présenter le contexte général de la recherche en mettant en avant l'importance du concept d'autonomie pour comprendre l'archipel créolophone et lusophone du Cap-Vert, dans une perspective historique et sociolinguistique. Le troisième chapitre fournit des éléments sur l'évolution générale du dispositif d'enseignement-apprentissage et sur la formation des enseignants de français, et repère trois types de formateurs que l'auteure regroupe sous le nom de "mentors d'autonomie" parce que leurs fonctions officielles visent à développer l'autonomie. Ce sont : le tuteur et le coordinateur (lycée) ; le superviseur (université publique du Cap-Vert). L'analyse détaillée des pratiques des enseignants de français et des mentors d'autonomie permet de dégager des indicateurs d'autonomie ou de non autonomie au niveau secondaire. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre dégage, à partir des deux chapitres précédents, des suggestions qui pourraient contribuer à remédier aux problèmes observés afin d'améliorer la qualité de l'enseignement du français dans le contexte capverdien. / This research intends to study the empowering process of the French teachers at the secondary level in the creole and portuguese-speaking archipelago of Cape Verde.The author investigates the field among teachers of French and social actors implicated in the French language teaching and learning. Her action-research is built upon four chapters among which the first chapter exposes her methodological options and her inner and outer position as a professor-researcher.The second chapter aims to present the general context of the research, pointing out how important the concept of autonomy is to understand the arquipelago of Cape Verde, in a historical and sociolinguistical perspect.The third chapter gives elements of information about the global evolution of the education system and of the training of the French teachers, and detects three trainers the author called « autonomy mentors » because their official functions would be to develop the autonomy : they are the advisory tutor and the coordinator (high school level) and the supervisor (public university of Cape Verde). Useful indicators of autonomy or non autonomy at the secondary level have been drowned from a detailed analysis of the teaching practices of the French teachers and of the « Mentors ».In the fourth and last chapter the conclusions of the two previous chapters are used to make suggestions which could help to solve the problems observed, in order to improve the quality of the secondary level French language teaching and learning in the Cape-Verdean context.

Cette étude a pour objectif de définir la compétence d’interaction qui constitue l’objet principal de l’évaluation de l’oral en didactique des langues étrangères. Nous considérons qu’elle consiste en la capacité d’interagir avec l’interlocuteur pour mettre en œuvre des ressources multiples dans l’objectif de gérer collectivement une activité de discours adaptée à l’action dans une situation donnée. A travers une démarche empirique, analytique et compréhensive, nous décrivons la manière dont la compétence d’interaction se manifeste en situation d’évaluation. Elle se présente sous la forme de quatre volets : d’abord par la capacité d’interpréter son rôle dans un contexte donné afin de participer à l’organisation globale de l’interaction ; elle se manifeste aussi dans la coordination de l’alternance des tours de parole ; elle se trouve dans le partage de la responsabilité de la co-construction thématique des échanges ; enfin, cette compétence doit prendre en compte la mise en œuvre des stratégies de communication afin de résoudre les problèmes langagiers et interactionnels qui se présentent. Les analyses nous apportent des clarifications sur les enjeux didactiques en ce qui concerne la manière d’évaluer cette compétence. Elles nous conduisent à souligner quatre éléments essentiels dans la constitution du dispositif évaluatif : le scénario, la modalité de préparation, les conditions de réalisation et le barème de notation. Or, la démarche d’évaluation ne s’arrête pas à un dispositif soigneusement élaboré, mais s’effectue également dans sa mise en pratique et dans l’adaptation à un contexte évaluatif donné. Il existe donc un « contrat d’évaluation » qui règle l’organisation de cette activité et précise les droits et les devoirs de l’évaluateur et du candidat. Dans la réalisation du contrat, l’évaluateur doit assurer à la fois le rôle de facilitateur, d’examinateur, d’interlocuteur et d’accompagnateur, ce qui constitue un vrai défi dans l’évaluation en langues et nous donne des orientations pour nos futures recherches / This study aims to define the competence of interaction constituting the main object of oral evaluation in foreign language pedagogy. We consider that this competence consists in the ability to interact with an interlocutor in order to implement multiple resources with the aim of collectively managing speech activity adapted to action in a given situation. Using an analytical and comprehensive empirical approach, we describe how the competence of interaction manifests itself in a situation of evaluation. It takes the form of four components: firstly, the ability to interpret one’s role in a given context in order to participate in the global organization of interaction ; it also manifests itself in the coordination of turn-taking ; in the shared responsibility of the co-construction of the theme of the discourse; and finally in the use of communication strategies to solve language and interactional problems that arise. The analyses enable us to elucidate the pedagogical issues concerning the way to evaluate this competence. Four essential elements can be identified in the composition of the system of evaluation : the script, the type of preparation, the conditions in which it is implemented and the grading scale. The evaluation is not limited to a carefully worked out method ; it also entails the way it is carried out in a specific context. There exists a “contract of evaluation” which regulates the organisation of this activity and defines the rights and duties of the evaluator and the candidate. According to this contract, the evaluator must assume the roles of facilitator, examiner, interlocutor and guide, which constitutes a real challenge in language evaluation and opens up orientations for future research.

Cette recherche tente d’étudier les effets de l’intégration pédagogique des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) sur l’acquisition de la compétence textuelle à court terme chez des étudiants palestiniens en licence de FLE de l'Université An-Najah. Il s’agit de faire découvrir les potentialités de ces technologies et de mettre en place un dispositif de correspondance en ligne entre natifs et non-natifs permettant d’intégrer des pratiques pédagogiques nouvelles au contexte palestinien.Ceci donne accès à l’écriture dans une situation de communication interactive, sociale et motivante au moyen d’outils de communication et de ressources en ligne(correcteurs, traducteurs, moteurs de recherche, etc.). L’objectif est d’améliorer les compétences micro- et macro-structurelles nécessaires à la rédaction d'un texte cohérent et cohésif correspondant au niveau B1+ du CECR.Dans cette recherche, nous avons adopté une perspective systémique dans une recherche-action afin de mieux comprendre les relations qu’entretient l’intégration des technologies avec les changements de pratiques pédagogiques dans l’établissement d’accueil. Nous avons donc mené une étude approfondie du terrain et une analyse de plusieurs textes produits par notre échantillon dans le cadre de l’expérimentation afin de mesurer les apports et les enjeux qu’entraîne le recours à l’utilisation des TIC. Les résultats montrent une progression au niveau micro-structurel (notamment sur le plan sémantique et morphosyntaxique) ainsi qu’une légère amélioration de la compétence macro-structurelle (notamment en ponctuation). / The researcher seeks to study the effects of the integrationof pedagogical techniques of information andcommunications technology (ICT) on the textual competence, in the short term, of Palestinian students who study French as a foreign language at An Najah National University. The researcher seeks to discover the potential of the technology via the creation of an online correspondence between native and non-native speakers, which allows forthe practice of new aspects of the language. This will fosterwriting in a socially communicative-interactive way, and willmotivate students to use different technological toolsavailable on the Internet, such as translation programs,spelling corrections, etc.The objective is to enhance the micro-competence and macro-structural, which are very important in a coherentand cohesive writing that matches level (B1+) of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.In this research paper, the researcher adopted a systematicperspective in a research-action in order to have a betterunderstanding of the relationship between the integration of technology and the requirements of the pedagogical practices of the receptive institution.The expansive case study that the researcher worked on in the field and the analysis of several text-samples is the chosen mode of experimentation used to measure, as well as gauge, the relations and issues that lead to the use of ICT. The results show a progress in the micro-structurallevel (especially in the semantics and morphosyntax) aswell as a slight improvement in language proficiency(especially in punctuation).

Dans ce travail de recherche qui s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une thèse en sciences du langage, notre intérêt s’est porté sur les problèmes que rencontrent les jordaniens qui apprennent la langue française lors de la réalisation des productions écrites. Nous avons trouvé que l’interférence constitue une difficulté majeure à laquelle se heurtent fréquemment les apprenants ; elle constitue par conséquent un défi pour l’enseignement du français. Dans cette recherche sur l’analyse des erreurs orthographiques grammaticales et lexicales, qui se base sur une enquête effectuée au département de langue et littérature française à l’université de Jordanie à Amman, nous avons tenté de repérer les erreurs commises, de comprendre leurs causes, de connaître de quelle manière la langue maternelle des apprenants (l'arabe jordanien) et la première langue étrangère dans le pays (l'anglais) marquent leurs productions écrites. Nous avons ensuite cherché à y remédier dans une perspective visant le développement des compétences orthographiques des apprenants et également de l’enseignement du français en Jordanie en fonction de leurs besoins et attentes, afin d’introduire une méthodologie efficace pour l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère. / In this research which is part of a thesis in linguistics, our interest was focused on the problems faced by Jordanian students who learn the French language when producing written work. We found that interference is a major difficulty that learners affronted frequently; it is therefore a challenge for the teaching of French. In this research the analysis of grammatical and lexical spelling errors, based on a survey in French language and literature department at the University of Jordan in Amman, we have attempted to identify the mistakes, understand their causes to know how the learners' mother tongue (Jordanian Arabic) and the first foreign language in the country (English) mark their written productions. We then sought to remedy with a view to the development of spelling skills of learners and also the teaching of French in Jordan according to their needs and expectations in order to introduce an effective methodology for learning French language.

La présente recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre de la didactique des mythes en classe de Français Langue Etrangère. Elle s’interroge sur les différents problèmes rencontrés au niveau de l’exploitation des mythes en classe de FLE en Tunisie et s’articule autour de trois grands axes de recherche. Le premier axe est consacré au cadre théorique se rapportant aux catégories mythiques et leurs enjeux alors que le deuxième consiste à attirer l’attention sur le statut privilégié des mythes dans les programmes officiels tunisiens. Il rend compte de leur exploitation dans les pratiques de classe à travers un module d’apprentissage au programme des troisièmes. Le troisième volet expose les résultats d’une enquête sur le terrain pour ressortir les représentations que se font les élèves du texte littéraire mythique et les problèmes qui s’opposent à la réception de ce genre de récit. L’enquête aboutit à un plan d’action et à des propositions didactiques dont le rôle est de sensibiliser les jeunes à la lecture du texte littéraire impliquant le mythe, agir contre leurs représentations pour aider à la préservation d’un patrimoine culturel universel et à l’amélioration de la qualité du système scolaire tunisien. / This research is registered in the outline of myths didactics in classes of French taught as a Foreign Language. It examins the different problems encountered while dealing with myths in classes of FFL in Tunisia. It in fact, goes round three big axes of research. The first axis is about the theoretical plan which is linked to the mythical categories and their stakes whereas the second axis consists in catching the eye on the privileged status of myths in Tunisian official programs. It renders an account of their exploitation in classes practices via a learning module in the third form programm. The third axis sets out the results of a research in progress so as to take out the representation that pupils make of a mythical literary text and the difficulties set against the reception of such genre of account. This research leads to a programm of studies and didactic propositions which role is to make yougesters aware of the importance of a literary text including a myth, act against their representations so as to help in protecting the universal cultural patrimony and the improving of the quality of the Tunisian academic system.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento da produção escrita em francês como língua estrangeira, por meio do gênero textual relato de viagem, porém procurando verificar como os alunos desenvolvem suas capacidades de linguagem a partir das restrições e liberdades permitidas pelo gênero escolhido. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa visa a investigar como os alunos se apropriam de características do gênero, mostrando, também, como inserem marcas de subjetividade que podem ser consideradas como estilísticas. Os dados foram coletados em um curso de produção escrita, oferecido pelos cursos extracurriculares de francês do Serviço de Cultura e Extensão da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Os alunos, situando-se entre o nível A2 e B1 do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas (CONSEIL DE LEUROPE, 2001), puderam estudar três diferentes gêneros textuais, dentre eles o relato de viagem. Os aportes teóricos que orientaram esta pesquisa apoiam-se, sobretudo, nos pressupostos do interacionismo sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 1999/2009, 2006a, 2008; MACHADO, 2009) e nos estudos de Schneuwly e Dolz (2004/2010) sobre a utilização dos gêneros textuais como instrumento no ensino e aprendizagem, para o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos: capacidade de ação, capacidade discursiva e capacidade linguísticodiscursiva. Para atingir os objetivos específicos desta pesquisa, baseamo-nos, paralelamente, nas discussões sobre estilo a partir de alguns autores (BRONCKART, 1999/2009, 2006c; SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004/2010; BAKHTIN, 1997; CLOT, 2007; BRANDÃO, 2005a, 2005b; BRAIT, 2005), mas, principalmente, na discussão acerca das coerções e liberdades textuais de Bronckart (2006c). A fim de analisar os textos coletados, além do quadro teóricometodológico proposto por Bronckart (1999/2009; 2006a), servimo-nos dos estudos de Kerbrat-Orecchioni (2002) e Maingueneau (2001) no que diz respeito às marcas de subjetividade nos textos. Com base em autores que estudam o papel dos gêneros textuais no ensino (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004; DOLZ; GAGNON; TOULOU, 2008; LOUSADA, 2002/2010, 2009, 2010; CRISTOVÃO, 2002/2010, 2009), construímos o modelo didático do gênero relato de viagem, elaboramos uma sequência didática (SD) e a aplicamos no contexto referido. Os dois primeiros módulos da SD propuseram atividades que focalizaram as características mais estáveis do gênero. Após esses módulos, uma produção intermediária foi requerida aos alunos, com a intenção de verificar se eles tinham mobilizado as capacidades de linguagem primordiais para a produção desse gênero. Em seguida, no terceiro módulo, selecionamos um texto com o objetivo de explorarmos as liberdades textuais exercidas por seu produtor. Os resultados de nossa pesquisa mostraram que o trabalho com gêneros em língua estrangeira se constitui como um instrumento potencial de desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos. Ao focarmos o estilo nos textos, os alunos, em suas produções finais, mobilizaram recursos discursivos e linguísticos menos canônicos, sob inspiração dos textos vistos em aula, estabelecendo, portanto, uma relação de intertextualidade com os textos da SD. Além de demonstrar a natureza dialógica do estilo, alguns alunos, ainda, recorreram ao intertexto, o que pode indicar o desenvolvimento da autonomia na escrita. Em suma, nossa proposta didática foi ao encontro do que afirma Bronckart (2006c): a preexistência de modelos é a primeira condição para o exercício da liberdade nos textos / This thesis aims to analyze the development of written production in French as a foreign language through the genre \"travel journal\", but trying to verify how students develop their language capacities from restrictions and liberties allowed by the chosen genre. Therefore, this research investigates how students appropriate the characteristics of the genre and shows how they insert marks of subjectivity that can be considered as stylistics. Data was collected in a writing course offered by Cultural and Extension Service French extracurricular courses, from the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences, at the University of São Paulo. Students, ranging between levels A2 and B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CONSEIL DE L\' EUROPE, 2001), were able to study three different textual genres, among them the travel journal. The theoretical framework that guided this research relies mainly on the theoretical assumptions of socio-discursive interactionism (BRONCKART, 1999/2009, 2006a, 2008; MACHADO, 2009) and the studies of Schneuwly and Dolz (2004/2010) on the use of textual genres as a tool for teaching and learning that can help student develop their language capacities: action capacity, discursive capacity, and linguistic-discursive capacity. To achieve our specific goals, we rely in parallel on the discussions about style (BRONCKART, 1999/2009, 2006c; SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004/2010; BAKHTIN, 1997; CLOT, 2007; BRANDÃO, 2005a, 2005b; BRAIT, 2005), but mainly on the discussion of textual constraints and liberties by Bronckart (2006c). In order to analyze the texts collected, we use not only the theoretical and methodological framework proposed by Bronckart (1999/2009, 2006a), but also the studies from Kerbrat-Orecchioni (2002) and Maingueneau (2001) with regard to subjectivity marks in the texts. Based on authors who study the function of textual genres in teaching (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004/2010; DOLZ; GAGNON; TOULOU, 2008; LOUSADA, 2002/2010, 2009, 2010; CRISTOVÃO, 2002/2010, 2009), we built the didactic model of the textual genre travel journal, developed a didactic sequence (DS), and applied it in the context mentioned before. Activities were proposed in the first two modules of the DS that focused on the most stable features of the genre. After these modules, an intermediate production was required from students intending to check if they had mobilized essential language capacities for the production of this genre. In the third module we selected a text with the aim of exploring textual liberties exercised by its producer. The results of our research showed that a genrebased perspective is a potential tool for developing students language capacities in a foreign language. As we focused on style in texts, students mobilized less canonical discursive and linguistic resources in their final productions inspired by texts from the class, thus establishing a relationship of inter-textuality with the texts of the DS. In addition, demonstrating the dialogic nature of style some students also made use of inter-text, which may indicate the development of autonomy in writing. In short, our didactic proposal confirms Bronckart (2006c) statement: preexisting models are the first condition for the exercise of liberty in texts

Cette étude porte sur l'importance et le statut de la grammaire dans l'enseignement du français langue étrangère à l’école obligatoire suédoise, ainsi que sur les méthodes utilisées dans cet enseignement. À travers des entretiens semi-structurés avec des enseignants de différentes régions et écoles, nous pouvons tirer une conclusion générale sur les attitudes des enseignants vis-à-vis duchoix des méthodes d'enseignement de la grammaire. Il est, selon les résultats de l’étude, préférable que ces méthodes soient nombreuses et variées. De plus, les enseignants reconnaissent tous l'utilitéde la grammaire dans l'enseignement des langues étrangères, notamment dans la production écrite, et qu’elle fait partie intégrante d'autres composantes des cours de langues comme le vocabulaire, la traduction et la communication. D’autre part, en consultant les deux manuels utilisés par ces enseignants, on peut ajouter que la plupart des types d'exercices de grammaire qui y sont proposéssont traditionnels, c’est à dire qu’ils s’appliquent surtout en suivant les règles et les structures grammaticales présentées. Les enseignants ont également une attitude positive vis-à-vis de l'utilisation de ces manuels. Ils se tourneront cependant vers d'autres sources pédagogiques nécessaires pour l'enseignement/apprentissage de la grammaire. / The objective of this study is to examine the importance and the status of grammar in the teaching of French as a foreign language at the Swedish school, as well as the methods used in French teaching. Through semi-structured interviews with teachers from different regions and schools, we can draw a general conclusion about teachers' attitudes toward the choice of methods. Our data show that it is preferable that these methods are diverse and not limited. Furthermore, the teachersare all aware of the usefulness of grammar in foreign language teaching, especially in written production, and that grammar should be integrated to the communicative lessons with other components such as vocabulary, translation, and communication. On the other hand, by analyzing the two textbooks used by these teachers, we see that many grammar exercises in these books could be described as traditional, that’s to say that they are asked the pupils to follow the rules and apply the grammatical structures presented by the book or the teacher. The teachers have a positive attitude towards the use of these textbooks, however, they will use other pedagogical sources if it is necessary for teaching/ learning grammar.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.