In the year of 2015 and 2016, the European Union had experienced the refugee crisis in relation to the unprecedented influx of refugees. In collaboration with other member states, Sweden granted a significant number of residence permits to these refugees, and has continued this work proportionally when the number of asylum applications decreases. The ongoing challenges to integrate refugees into society socially, culturally, and economically have stimulated the entire Swedish society to conduct a kaleidoscope of integration projects. Take the aspect of employment for example. The Swedish Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedlingen) has the main responsibility to connect these newcomers with the vacancies in the job market. However, some feedback has shown that the limited options are not able to take into consideration newcomers’ diverse conditions and meet their needs. Changes of the direction of policy sometimes make their relatively disadvantaged condition even worse. Seeing such incoherence as a hindrance to integration, a few Christian communities responded by initiating new employment projects in an attempt to overcome the difficulties faced by both the government and refugees. This study is designed as case study research of two Christian belief-based employment integration projects: Talenterna and Jobbprepp 2019. I intend to use these cases to support a claim that with the application of Christian beliefs, churches or individuals, as a visible form of a social force, could be involved in employment integration more actively to transcend the structural boundary and facilitate the sharing of social capital with refugee job seekers. By comparing the qualitative data collected by six interviews and organized by narrative and thematic analyses, this study identifies the functions of religion for employment integration and displays the implementation of the selected projects. The final finding highlights the significant methodologies applied by the projects and implies these methodologies are the contributor for positive employment integration.

博士（社会学） / 甲第628号 / 105p / 一橋大学

In this thesis project, the phenomenon of news media representation of punitivism has been researched through a methodology of a socio-semiotic discourse analysis framed within a theoretical structure of Durkheimianism and news value components. Articles concerning MetroXpress’ representation of criminal deviance and punishment were located through a buzzwords search within the newspaper’s online data archives. The search granted a total of 702 word-occurrences appearing in 216 separate news articles. The discourse analysis seperated these articles into the five sub-discourses of “Blurbs”, “Verdicts”, “Spectacle”, “Single Agent Focus” and “Cultural Context”. The distribution of articles pertaining to specific sub-discourses were distributed such that the highest concentration of articles was present in the “Blurbs” discourse, closely followed by “Verdicts”, placing “Single Agent Focus” and “Spectacle” in the middle, while the “Cultural Context” discourse was made up of the fewest articles. The methodology granted insight into functional punishment and MetroXpress’ representation of criminal deviance, revealing the newspaper’s discourse to be one of situated timeliness which positively promoted judicial-systemic activity. Presenting an anti-Durkheimian conception of deviance in relation to its supposed manifestation in any society, the newspaper presents the phenomenon as defeatable by the judicial system. In this regard, MetroXpress has positioned itself as the mouthpiece of the justice system, in such a manner that they function as a legitimizing force for the punitive system. Beyond the hierarchy of eliteness which permeates the discourse, a normalization of the conception of criminal deviants as dysfunctional obstacles who prohibit organic social cohesiveness is another facet of the discourse. Consequently, a primary focal point within the narratives center on the functional relationship between the deviant individual, systemic representatives and their relation to social cohesiveness.

Within the past three decades, Star Wars has become nothing short of a household name. The millions of dollars gained from the films and various products, as well as the enjoyment and enthusiasm generated among fans, shows that Star Wars' value and significance in the realm of entertainment is substantial. In addition to this value, there are also many religious and mythological elements that are embedded within each of the movies. However, these elements do not carry the same prominence or interest that the plotline has with the audience. In an interview, Lucas stated that it was not his intent to use Star Wars to create a new religion or ideology. Nevertheless, the movie series has raised questions regarding its ability to attain such a devoted following. Consequently, the thesis will look into the dynamic between authorial intent and reader response. In addition, this thesis will investigate the religious themes and mythological elements of the Star Wars series and use this analysis to corroborate the position that Star Wars both resembles traditional religion and functions as religion for the fans. This thesis will analyze the religious elements and myths that are embedded in the general story, as well as those that are unique to the individual movies, by highlighting a family resemblance/functionalist approach to religion that focuses on not only the resemblances to traditional religion but also the religious effects that Star Wars has on its fans and society; namely, moral issues and the sense of meaning and belonging it inculcates among the fan base.

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A profound dichotomy lies at the heart of this master’s thesis. It is a clash between a heuristic and fertile field of possibilities and a limited, even chained, concrete experience. Rooted in the works of Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), Karl Mannheim (1893-1947), and Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005), this dissertation examines the influences of Ideology on the discursive and politico-philosophical realms surrounding the English constitution over the past one hundred and fifty years. Departing from a strictly pejorative conception of Ideology, it is an opportunity to witness various conceptions of the constitution overlapping and colliding while defining a discourse universe. By first recognizing the fertile material provided by the unwritten and customary nature of the English constitution, we chronologically approach the major currents of constitutional thought to highlight a fundamental antinomy between normative conservative approaches and their functionalist critique. Where the field could have flourished, we acknowledge an arc that, closing in on itself, limits the possibility of new discourses. Our research initially addresses the undeniable contribution of Albert Venn Dicey to the study of English constitutionalism. In response to this redefinition of the field of study, we delve into the functionalist approach, referring to William Robson, Ivor Jennings, and J.A.G. Griffith. Building upon this opposition, we examine the more modern responses of T.R.S Allan and Martin Loughlin while acknowledging the exhaustion of discourses. Thus, this master’s thesis is driven by a dual purpose. On one hand, we define various ideological approaches to the constitution historically and comparatively. On the other hand, we observe how these ideological discourses limit themselves and greatly restrict the discursive universe of constitutionalism. / Une dichotomie profonde est au cœur de ce mémoire. Un choc entre un champ des possibles heuristique et fécond et une expérience concrète limitée, voire enchaînée. Prenant racines dans les travaux d’Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), Karl Mannheim (1893-1947) et Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005), ce mémoire s’intéresse aux influences de l’Idéologie sur les champs discursifs et politico-philosophiques entourant la constitution anglaise au courant des cent-cinquante dernières années. S’éloignant d’une conception strictement péjorative de l’Idéologie, c’est l’occasion de voir se chevaucher et s’entrechoquer diverses conceptions de la constitution tout en définissant un univers de discours. En reconnaissant d’abord un matériau fertile étant donné l’aspect non-écrit et coutumier de la constitution anglaise, nous abordons de manière chronologique les grands courants de pensée du constitutionnalisme pour faire ressortir une antinomie fondamentale entre l’approche conservatrice normative et sa critique fonctionnaliste. Là où le champ aurait pu proliférer, nous reconnaissons un arc qui, se refermant sur lui-même, limite la possibilité de nouveaux discours. Notre recherche aborde dans un premier temps, l’apport indéniable d’Albert Venn Dicey à l’étude du constitutionnalisme anglais. En réponse à cette redéfinition du champ d’étude, nous abordons l’approche fonctionnaliste se référant à William Robson, Ivor Jennings et J.A.G. Griffith. Sur la base de cette opposition, nous étudions les réponses plus modernes de T.R.S Allan et Martin Loughlin tout en reconnaissant l’épuisement des discours. Ce mémoire est donc animé par un double objet. D’une part, nous définissons diverses approches idéologiques de la constitution de manière historique et comparative. De l’autre, nous observons comment ces discours idéologiques se limitent en eux-mêmes et restreignent grandement l’univers discursifs du constitutionnalisme.

This thesis attempts to establish a first design philosophy by proposing nature and architecture as mutually interactive conceits within the scope of the design process. Positing that our conceptions of "green" design are rightfully influenced by the various and often highly metaphorical social constructions of nature that precede them, an architecural exercise is then explored as a similarly constructed response. After assembling a definition of nature based in part on the climate, terrain and traditional building practices of rural western North Carolina, a house is then posed for its site on the border of the Pisgah National Forest. / Master of Architecture

This thesis aims to identify and explain how, through the consumption of the wireless as a modern consumer durable, modernism was brought to society. To understand this process, the study will map how social change during the period responded to wider intellectual and aesthetic currents and trends but was driven by emergent commercial, cultural and political economies of a newly mediated society. Furthermore, it seeks to establish that this happened not as a result of social engineering through model housing schemes but as a result of consumer-led demand. This investigation considers how, as part of that newly mediated social environment, the wireless developed following its arrival on the domestic market without having adopted a single stylistic form. It addresses how that form, both stylistically and technically, evolved over a relatively short period to address the economic and cultural requirements and expectations of a new electrically powered domestic entertainment technology. In so doing, a discourse will be established considering these expectations and requirements related to how the wireless in Britain adopted and adapted the Modernist design idiom. It will further consider how the language of Modernism was propagated as the accepted version of what a radio could or should look like, so developing the modernist paradigm in a broader sense. To gain an appreciation of this it is necessary to understand the contemporary public conception of what the modern was in a more general sense. To decipher this public perception of modernity the project aims to extrapolate that public conception through examining other popular forms and products. Although this suggests that Radio was not alone in adopting the language of the moderne, as a product it is notable for its widespread commercial success and as such can be identified as a significant carrier of the coded message of what was modern. Design historians such as Yagou and Forty have attempted to incorporate radio into various strands of historical perception but the typologies they have devised to describe and understand wireless fall short in addressing the relationship between modernity and the wireless and instead see the wireless in terms of being an independent consumer product, a quasi-scientific instrument or else a furnishing form, rather than creating categories which accommodate the wireless and its position as a design type in its own right. To overcome this shortcoming a strand of this thesis seeks to argue that the wireless was itself a proto-modernist device during the early years of market expansion. That device then developed along a natural stylistic course embracing contemporary decorative ideas. By assessing the response of radio manufacturers to the socio-economic conditions of their market, this study has highlighted how through producing a product which addressed contemporary ideas of glamour, ease of use and functionality, the wireless entered a wide range of homes during the 1920s and 1930s. For the public, the immediate appeal of the wireless was that it provided access to the international experience of listening in while simultaneously it provided a template for the consumer to base their understanding of the modern World, both in its mediated form and stylistic appearance. This thesis seeks to demonstrate that during the period 1925 to 1939, the wireless established itself as an unashamedly modern device which appealed to a broad socio economic cross section of the public. By consuming the wireless, the British public accepted a significant technological and stylistic aspect of modernity into their homes. This was achieved despite the privations of the era because of the perceived desirability of wireless broadcasts and the perception of listening in as a popular leisure activity. As a result of that consumer demand, the British public was given access to a range of stylistic versions of modernity through the design of radio cabinetry. These modern styles were readily consumed throughout the social spectrum in preference to historicist alternatives. This demonstrates that the wireless was instrumental in introducing the modernist aesthetic to the British domestic environment.

Poon Pong Fai Wesley. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 53). / a story point of Departure --- p.1 / side A --- p.2 / side B --- p.3 / phenomenon / glass architecture --- p.4 / discovering / passive contact --- p.5 / man-fish relationship --- p.6 / psychological aspect --- p.7 / social aspect --- p.8-9 / inward & outward quality --- p.10-11 / about the people... --- p.12 / self-reinforcing & self-congestion --- p.13 / public vs. private --- p.14 / history of open space --- p.15-16 / from the definition... --- p.17 / observation / shopping mall --- p.18 / "mongkok football ""park""" --- p.19 / from the observation / identifying characters --- p.20 / precedent / De meerpall Hall --- p.21 / Park and Sports Complex --- p.22 / D+S --- p.23 / target --- p.24 / site investigation / happy valley --- p.25-27 / pedestrian flyover in Shau Kei Wan --- p.28-29 / "Macpherson Stadium, Mongkok" --- p.30-33 / design concept --- p.34-36 / program --- p.37-38 / design development / sketches --- p.39 / preliminary schemes --- p.40-41 / study models --- p.42-43 / final design / design strategy --- p.44 / final scheme --- p.45-49 / interior views --- p.50 / final model --- p.51-52 / bibliography --- p.53

Depuis les débuts de l'ère moderne, la formule fédérale s'est imposée de par le monde comme un moyen institutionnel de gestion de la diversité sociale et politique. Le système fédéral figure comme modèle idoine de constitution d'un ordre juridique composé. En tant que doctrine politique, le fédéralisme pose la question des appartenances collectives dans des termes différents des modèles identitaires classiques. Il offre une vision ouverte et inclusive du phénomène identitaire et ouvre sur une coexistence d'identités complémentaires dans un cadre institutionnel équilibré.La construction européenne déroge depuis ses débuts avec les principes fondamentaux du fédéralisme mais constitue une expérience nouvelle de communauté composée à fort potentiel intégrateur du point de vue politique et identitaire.L'analyse parallèle et complémentaire du phénomène Europe dans ses manifestations historiques les plus notables et du système fédéral dans ses fondements éthiques et moraux permet de mettre au jour une homologie saisissante entre l'idée d'Europe et le modèle fédératif, révélant dans le même temps les rigidités des forma mentis contemporaines restreignant le processus de constitution concrète d'un ordre politique fédéral européen. / Since the beginning of the Modern Era, the federal formula has been advocated worldwide as the adequate institutional tool to deal with politic and social diversity. It appears as a suitable model for the constitution of a compound legal order. As a political doctrine, federalism raises the question of collective membership in rather divergent terms compared to the classical identity models. Federalism offers an open and inclusive vision of identity phenomenons and guides towards a balanced institutional framework guaranteeing the coexistence of complementary identities.From its start, the European construction derogates with the core principles of federalism, constituting nevertheless a new experience of a compound community endowed with a strong political and identity integration potential.The parallel and comprehensive analysis of the Europe phenomenon in its most remarkable historical manifestations and the ethic and moral basis of the federal system reveals a strong homology between the idea of Europe and the federative model, as well as the rigidities of contemporary forma mentis restraining the process for the constitution of an actual European federal order.