Ce travail de recherche s’interroge sur la perception et la représentation discursive de référents exotiques perses filtrées par un regard occidental dans vingt récits de voyageurs français du XIXe siècle. Les énonciateurs-voyageurs, placés dans un contexte linguistique et culturel étranger, tentent de saisir et de transcrire leurs observations sur le terrain en fonction de leur intellect, leur cognition, leur expérience, leur sensation et sentiment. Cette représentation n’est pas plate, objective ou neutre. Une série d’éléments discursifs, langagiers, culturels, subjectifs et marqués par l’altérité viennent modifier la représentation que l’auteur-voyageur donne du référent et de l’univers référentiel auquel il est confronté. C’est à cette « façon occidentale » de voir les « choses orientales » et à l’intervention de l’idéologie (subjective ou intersubjective) que nous nous intéressons dans cette étude. Il ne s’agit pas pour autant d’établir une dichotomie entre une bonne ou une mauvaise vision du monde dans un espace décalé mais uniquement de relever sur le plan langagier et discursif, les éléments qui traduisent cet « écart sémantico-référentiel » dans la représentation du référent dans ce type de texte. Pour mener cette recherche nous avons dû articuler trois niveaux d’analyse : lexical, textuel et discursif. Un cadre historique, contextuel et théorique est d’abord élaboré pour laisser ensuite la place à la question de la représentation et des contraintes (textuelles, subjectives, idéologiques) de cette transmission de données majoritairement descriptives. Nous analysons les effets discursifs produits par l’usage des ressources linguistiques ainsi que par les positionnements énonciatifs des auteurs-voyageurs. Ces outils d’analyse langagiers et discursifs permettent de mettre en relief ce regard marqué par l’altérité dans vingt récits de voyageurs français. Les résultats de cette analyse critique discursive constituent autant de données concrètes à insérer dans le champ des études postcoloniales et de la critique de l’orientalisme. / This work investigates the perception and the discursive representation of Persian exotic referents filtered by a western look in nineteen travel stroeis of French travelers of the nineteenth century. Traveler-enunciators, placed in a foreign linguistic and cultural context, attempt to transcribe what they see according to their intellect, cognition, experience and feelings. This representation is not flat, objective or neutral. A series of discursive, linguistic, cultural, subjective elements marked by alterity filter the perception or modify the representation that the author-traveler gives of the referent and the referential universe to which he is confronted. It is in this "western way" of seeing "oriental things" and the question of subjectivity in the representation of the other that we are interested in this study. It is not necessary to establish a dichotomy between a good or a bad vision of the world in a space shifted but only to raise linguistically and discursively the elements that translate this "semantic-referential gap" in the representation of the referent in this type of text. To carry out this research we had to articulate three levels of analysis: lexicon, textuality and discourse. Information on the context is first proposed to leave room for the question of the representation and the restrictions (textual, subjective, ideological) of this transmission of data mainly descriptive. We analyze the discursive effects produced by the use of these linguistic resources and by the enunciative positions. These linguistic and discursive analysis tools make it possible to highlight this look marked by otherness in nineteen travel stories. The results of this critical discursive analysis constitute so much concrete data to be inserted in the field of the postcolonial of Orientalism.

Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are solar energy collection systems with increasing terrestrial and roof applications reported worldwide. If the terrestrial mounting does not require specific wind resistance verifications, installing them on top of flat and gable roofs implies a drastic change of the roofing systems geometry, thus a re-evaluation of the wind-induced pressure is necessary. Among the roof top applications, provisions exist for the flat roofs mounted solar panels, however, design recommendations for wind-induced loadings on PV solar panels arrays flush-mounted on gable roofs are not fully developed in current wind loading standards (SEAOC PV2-2012) and building codes (ASCE 07, NBCC 2015), in spite of the numerous applications on residential and agricultural buildings, primarily due to the limited research investigating this topic. The current dissertation employs CFD k-ɛ and LE (Large Eddy) simulations for analyzing the effects of wind acting on solar panels flush-mounted on gable roofs, considering the influence of several parameters such as: the slope of the gable roof, the wind directions, the spaces between the adjacent solar panel arrays and the clearance between the roof surface and the solar panels. A comprehensive database of solar panels with different installation parameters subjected to wind speeds were developed under the current research project. The database includes detailed distribution of wind-induced pressure coefficients for the three parallel surfaces constituting the roof-solar panels systems: the top and bottom surfaces of the panels, and the roof surface under the panels, which represents a novel approach in investigating and clarifying the wind effects on solar panels. This approach also provides in detail the variation of the pressure coefficients on the three surfaces, due to the change of installation conditions (roof slope, arrays spacing, roof clearance) and wind parameters (wind speed and wind direction). As an original contribution to the existing knowledge, this thesis found that the installation of solar arrays on gable roofs, redistributes the wind-induced pressure on both sides of the roof windward and leeward, resulting in total horizontal wind-induced pressures on the entire roof lower than that registered on the corresponding roof without solar panels. In addition, dominant resultant pressure coefficients on solar panels concluded to be lower than for the roof without panels. When the roof clearance increases, total average pressure coefficients on the roof supporting the panels decreases on both, windward and leeward sides of the roof. Moreover, when the roof clearance increases, the pressures in the cavity decrease significantly on both windward and leeward sides of the roof, which could impact the requirements for installing and fixing such panels on gable roofs. For example, for 10” clearance the flush-mounted solar panels were subject to pressure instead of suction. Similarly, when panel array spacing increases, the magnitude of the net mean pressure coefficients on the roof surface under the solar panels further decreases for all wind directions investigated.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-02-16T12:17:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giulia Yumi Zaneti Simokomaki.pdf: 1328863 bytes, checksum: 7395a349c850affa23432fa7177af93e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T12:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giulia Yumi Zaneti Simokomaki.pdf: 1328863 bytes, checksum: 7395a349c850affa23432fa7177af93e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-01 / The present project intends to analyze the theory of the legal gaps and theory of unconstitutional legislative omission and highlight their points of relationship and similarity. In order to address the first one, the goal was to demonstrate the transformations onto the “systemic conception”. Regarding the second one, the goal was to demonstrate the political context, starting from the Modern Law age, focusing on the constitutional movement and the framing of the Democratic State, proceeding through the theme of constitutional laws’ applicability, which originated the theory of unconstitutional legislative omission. With these two theories in place, we tried to link the points in which they relate, specially regarding the moment when the Judiciary appraise the cases. The objective, therefore, is to indicate a way of modernize the theory of unconstitutional legislative omission, on the search for the materialization of the constitutional rights / O presente trabalho pretende examinar a teoria das lacunas jurídicas e a teoria da omissão legislativa inconstitucional e notar seu(s) ponto(s) de relação e similaridade. Para abordar a primeira, procurou-se demonstrar as transformações na concepção sistêmica do Direito e do pensamento jurídico moderno que proporcionaram seu destaque. Para abordar a segunda, procurou-se demonstrar o contexto político, também partindo da era do Direito Moderno, com enfoque no movimento constitucional e na construção do Estado Social e Democrático de Direito, passando pela temática da aplicabilidade das normas constitucionais, que proporcionou o surgimento da teoria da omissão constitucional legislativa. Posta as duas teorias, buscamos traçar pontos de relação entre elas, especialmente no que tange ao momento da apreciação de demandas pelo Poder Judiciário. Intenta-se, desta forma, indicar uma via de renovação da teoria da omissão legislativa inconstitucional, na busca pela concretização dos direitos constitucionais

Orientador: Antonio Fernando Branco Costa / Resumo: Os gráficos de controle foram criados por Shewhart em torno de 1924. Desde então foram propostas muitas estratégias para melhorar o desempenho de tais ferramentas estatísticas. Dentre elas, destaca-se a estratégia dos parâmetros adaptativos, que deu origem a uma linha de pesquisa bastante fértil. Uma de suas vertentes está voltada ao gráfico de tamanho da amostra variável, que depende da posição do ponto amostral atual. Se ele está perto da linha central, a próxima amostra será pequena. Se ele está distante, mas ainda não na região de ação, a próxima amostra será grande. Este esquema de amostragem com tamanho de amostra variável se tornou conhecido com esquema VSS (variable sample size). Esta dissertação revisa os trabalhos da área de monitoramento de processos que tem como foco principal os esquemas VSS de amostragem. Foi feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura, por intermédio de uma análise bibliométrica do período de 1980 a 2018 com o objetivo de classificar a estratégia VSS, segundo sua destinação, por exemplo, os gráficos de com parâmetros conhecidos e observação independente. As destinações foram divididas em dez classes: I – tipo de VSS ; II – tipo de monitoramento; III – número de variáveis sob monitoramento; IV – tipo de gráfico; V – parâmetros do processo; VI – regras de sinalização; VII – natureza do processo; VIII – tipo de otimização; IX – modelo matemático das propriedades do gráfico; X – tipo de produção. A conclusão principal deste estudo foi que nas class... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Gender gaps in religiosity among Western populations, such that women are more religious than men, are well documented. Previous explanations for these differences range from biological predispositions of risk aversion to patriarchal gender socialization, but all largely overlook the intersection of social statuses. Drawing on theories of intersectionality, we contribute to the cultural and empirical analysis of gender gaps in religiosity by documenting an interactive effect between gender, education, and political views for predicting religious nonaffiliation and infrequent attendance at religious services among Americans. For highly educated political liberals, gender gaps effectively disappear, such that men and women are almost equally likely to be secular (or religious). The results have implications for the long-standing disputes about the gendered “nature” of religiosity and highlight the importance of multiple intersecting statuses and modalities in shaping aggregate patterns of religiosity and secularity.

Det oundvikliga beroendet av digitalisering och IT-system i dagens verksamheter och organisationer ställer krav på dagens arbetskraft att öka sina IT-kunskaper för att kunna integrera och kommunicera med nya datasystem för en mer effektiv verksamhet. Inte minst lika viktigt blir det för redovisningsekonomer som sköter verksamhetens finansiella redovisning då de måste kunna säkerställa att den redovisningsdata som framställs och levereras med hjälp av IT är felfri och uppnår kvalitet. Bristen på kunskap inom IT kan riskera att fel i redovisningsdata inte upptäcks och därmed påverkar redovisningsdatakvalitet. Detta i sin tur riskerar påverka redovisningskvalitet i den slutliga finansiella rapporteringen. Kommunikationen mellan avdelningarna riskerar också bli lidande då de med olika kunskaper har svårt att förstå varandra.Studiens syfte är att försöka bidra med kunskap om hur kunskapsskillnader i digital gundkunskap kan påverka säkerställandet av redovisningsdatakvalitet samt ge insyn i hur arbetet med detta kan gå till i praktiken. Med hjälp av tidigare forskning togs en analysmodell fram som illustrerar identifierade faktorers påverkansordning av redovisningsdatakvalitet; kunskapsskillnader → intern kontroll → redovisningsdatakvalitet.Studien tillämpar en instrumentell fallstudiedesign med en kvalitativ forskningsansats för att besvara frågeställningen. Två fokusgruppsintervjuer utfördes vid två olika tillfällen med respondenter från redovisningsavdelningen och IT-avdelningen från samma företag. Data transkriberades och kodades med hjälp av färgkodning för att tydliggöra de faktorer som utgör utgångspunkten i analysmodellen. En enkätundersökning genomfördes på resterande anställda på respektive avdelning för att komplettera resultaten från intervjuerna.Resultatet av studien visade att kunskapsskillnaderna har liten eller ingen alls direkt påverkan på redovisningsdatakvalitet utan snarare påverkar den interna kontrollen desto mer utifrån externa faktorer som tillkom. / The inevitable dependence on digitization and IT systems in today's operations and organizations demands the current workforce to increase their IT skills in order to be able to integrate and communicate with new computer systems for a more efficient business. It is equally important for financial accountants who’s responsible for the business’s financial reporting, since they must be able to ensure that the accounting data produced and delivered using IT is correct and of high quality. The lack of IT skills can increase the risk of errors in accounting data not detected and thus further affect the accounting data quality. This in turn risks affecting the accounting quality in the final financial reporting. The communication between the departments could also suffer due to the knowledge gaps between them that could make it difficult to understand each other.The aim of the study is to contribute with knowledge about how the differences in knowledge can affect the work in ensuring accounting data quality and give insight into how this work can be realized in practice. With the help of previous research, an analysis model was developed that illustrates identified factors and their influence on accounting data quality; knowledge gaps → internal control → accounting data quality.The study applies an instrumental case study with a qualitative research approach. Two focus group interviews were conducted on two different occasions with respondents from the accounting department and the IT department, both from the same company. Data was transcribed and coded using color coding to clarify the factors that form the basis of the analysis model. A survey was conducted with the other employees to complement and confirm the results found from the interviews.The result of the study showed that the differences in knowledge have little or no direct impact on accounting data quality, but rather affect the internal control, based on external factors that came into light during the analysis of the result. A revised analysis model was developed based on the result and replaced the initial hypothetical model.

<p>Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003 ses ofta som det första tydliga exemplet på amerikansk manöverkrigföring. Under Andra Världskriget hade den amerikanska 4. Pansardivisionen hade en chef i Generalmajor John S. Wood som studerat Liddell Hart, de Gaulle, Fuller och von Seeckt under mellankrigstiden. Kan detta ha renderat i att divisionen stred enligt manöverkrigföringsteorier före 2003? För att analysera detta har ett enkelt teoretiskt perspektiv i form av William S. Linds referenspunkter uppdragstaktik, schwerpunkt och ytor och luckor från Maneuver Warfare Handbook applicerats på fallet som utgörs av 4. Pansardivisionens strider i Lorraine i september 1944 eftersom dessa omfattar både anfall och försvar. 4. Pansardivisionen anföll inledningsvis över floden Moselle och inneslöt en tysk division i staden Nancy med en dubbel omfattning för att därefter föra ett framgångsrikt försvar mot upprepade motanfall från tyska Femte Pansararmén. Tyvärr har inte några källor avseende processer och resulterande order vid 4. Pansardivisionen kunnat säkras. Dock har källor som omfattar generella tankesätt och doktriner vid divisionen studerats. Analysen visar att 4. Pansardivisionen nyttjade Linds referenspunkter i olika stor omfattning. Tydligast är att divisionen använde sig av referenspunkten ytor och luckor i striden. 4. Pansardivisionen nyttjade regelmässigt kombinerade vapen i form av direktriktad och indirekt eld samt flygunderstöd i striden vilket fick en tysk chef att hävda att normala principer för pansarkrigföring inte var tillämpbara på västfronten. Divisionen avdelade sällan reserver men lyckades ändå sätta in motanfall vid ett flertal tillfällen för att använda tyskarnas rörelse mot dem själva.</p> / <p>In Sweden Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 is often viewed upon as the first clear example of American maneuver warfare. During the Second World War the commander of the American 4^th Armored Division was initially Major General John S. Wood. He had studied Liddell Hart, de Gaulle, Fuller and von Seeckt during the interwar years. Could this have rendered in the 4^th Armored Division fighting according to maneuver warfare theories before 2003? To analyze this, a simple theory in the shape of William S. Lind´s reference points: mission-type orders, schwerpunkt and surfaces and gaps from the Maneuver Warfare Handbook have been applied to a case. The case chosen is the fighting that the 4^th Armored Division conducted in September of 1944 in the province of Lorraine since this battle includes both offensive and defensive action. Initially the 4^th Armored Division penetrated the German defensive line along the Moselle to encircle the city of Nancy and a German division by a double envelopment. Thereafter the division successfully fought of the repeated counterattacks conducted by the German Fifth Panzer Army.</p><p> No sources include the processes with resulting orders that the division’s commanders gave during the battles have been available for this study. To make up for this sources regarding the doctrine of the 4^th Armored Division as a whole have been studied.</p><p> </p><p>The results indicate that the 4^th Armored Division used Lind’s reference points to varying degrees. The division clearly used the reference point called surfaces and gaps. The 4^th Armored Division regularly used combined arms in the shape of direct and indirect fire as well as air-support. This was to such a degree that one German commander wrote that the normal principles of armored warfare did not apply to the western front. The division seldom had reserves available for counter-attacks but often managed to assemble enough units to counter-attack and to use the movement of the Germans against themselves.</p>

Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003 ses ofta som det första tydliga exemplet på amerikansk manöverkrigföring. Under Andra Världskriget hade den amerikanska 4. Pansardivisionen hade en chef i Generalmajor John S. Wood som studerat Liddell Hart, de Gaulle, Fuller och von Seeckt under mellankrigstiden. Kan detta ha renderat i att divisionen stred enligt manöverkrigföringsteorier före 2003? För att analysera detta har ett enkelt teoretiskt perspektiv i form av William S. Linds referenspunkter uppdragstaktik, schwerpunkt och ytor och luckor från Maneuver Warfare Handbook applicerats på fallet som utgörs av 4. Pansardivisionens strider i Lorraine i september 1944 eftersom dessa omfattar både anfall och försvar. 4. Pansardivisionen anföll inledningsvis över floden Moselle och inneslöt en tysk division i staden Nancy med en dubbel omfattning för att därefter föra ett framgångsrikt försvar mot upprepade motanfall från tyska Femte Pansararmén. Tyvärr har inte några källor avseende processer och resulterande order vid 4. Pansardivisionen kunnat säkras. Dock har källor som omfattar generella tankesätt och doktriner vid divisionen studerats. Analysen visar att 4. Pansardivisionen nyttjade Linds referenspunkter i olika stor omfattning. Tydligast är att divisionen använde sig av referenspunkten ytor och luckor i striden. 4. Pansardivisionen nyttjade regelmässigt kombinerade vapen i form av direktriktad och indirekt eld samt flygunderstöd i striden vilket fick en tysk chef att hävda att normala principer för pansarkrigföring inte var tillämpbara på västfronten. Divisionen avdelade sällan reserver men lyckades ändå sätta in motanfall vid ett flertal tillfällen för att använda tyskarnas rörelse mot dem själva. / In Sweden Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 is often viewed upon as the first clear example of American maneuver warfare. During the Second World War the commander of the American 4th Armored Division was initially Major General John S. Wood. He had studied Liddell Hart, de Gaulle, Fuller and von Seeckt during the interwar years. Could this have rendered in the 4th Armored Division fighting according to maneuver warfare theories before 2003? To analyze this, a simple theory in the shape of William S. Lind´s reference points: mission-type orders, schwerpunkt and surfaces and gaps from the Maneuver Warfare Handbook have been applied to a case. The case chosen is the fighting that the 4th Armored Division conducted in September of 1944 in the province of Lorraine since this battle includes both offensive and defensive action. Initially the 4th Armored Division penetrated the German defensive line along the Moselle to encircle the city of Nancy and a German division by a double envelopment. Thereafter the division successfully fought of the repeated counterattacks conducted by the German Fifth Panzer Army.  No sources include the processes with resulting orders that the division’s commanders gave during the battles have been available for this study. To make up for this sources regarding the doctrine of the 4th Armored Division as a whole have been studied.   The results indicate that the 4th Armored Division used Lind’s reference points to varying degrees. The division clearly used the reference point called surfaces and gaps. The 4th Armored Division regularly used combined arms in the shape of direct and indirect fire as well as air-support. This was to such a degree that one German commander wrote that the normal principles of armored warfare did not apply to the western front. The division seldom had reserves available for counter-attacks but often managed to assemble enough units to counter-attack and to use the movement of the Germans against themselves.

The vibration of and wave propagation in periodic cellular structures are analyzed. Cellular structures exhibit a number of desirable multifunctional properties, which make them attractive in a variety of engineering applications. These include ultra-light structures, thermal and acoustic insulators, and impact amelioration systems, among others. Cellular structures with deterministic architecture can be considered as example of periodic structures. Periodic structures feature unique wave propagation characteristics, whereby elastic waves propagate only in specific frequency bands, known as "pass band", while they are attenuated in all other frequency bands, known as "stop bands". Such dynamic properties are here exploited to provide cellular structures with the capability of behaving as directional, pass-band mechanical filters, thus complementing their well documented multifunctional characteristics. This work presents a methodology for the analysis of the dynamic behavior of periodic cellular structures, which allows the evaluation of location and spectral width of propagation and attenuation regions. The filtering characteristics are tested and demonstrated for structures of various geometry and topology, including cylindrical grid-like structures, Kagom and eacute; and tetrhedral truss core lattices. Experimental investigations is done on a 2-D lattice manufactured out of aluminum. The complete wave field of the specimen at various frequencies is measured using a Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (SLDV). Experimental results show good agreement with the methodology and computational tools developed in this work. The results demonstrate how wave propagation characteristics are defined by cell geometry and configuration. Numerical and experimental results show the potential of periodic cellular structures as mechanical filters and/or isolators of vibrations.

Because of their outstanding characteristics, micro/nano-mechanical (MM) structures have found a plethora of applications in wireless communications and sensing. Many of these MM structures utilize mechanical vibrations (or phonons) at megahertz or gigahertz frequencies for their operation. On the other hand, the periodic atomic structure of crystals is the fundamental phenomenon behind the new era of electronics technology. Such atomic arrangements lead to a periodic electric potential that modifies the propagation of electrons in the crystals. In some crystals, e.g. silicon (Si), this modification leads to an electronic band gap (EBG), which is a range of energies electrons can not propagate with. Discovering EBGs has made a revolution in the electronics and through that, other fields of technology and the society. Inspired by these trends of science and technology, I have designed and developed integrated MM periodic structures that support large phononic band gaps (PnBGs), which are ranges of frequencies that phonons (and elastic waves) are not allowed to propagate. Although PnBGs may be found in natural crystals due to their periodic atomic structures, such PnBGs occur at extra high frequencies (i.e., terahertz range) and cannot be easily engineered with the current state of technology. Contrarily, the structures I have developed in this research are made on planar substrates using lithography and plasma etching, and can be deliberately engineered for the required applications. Although the results and concepts developed in this research can be applied to other substrates, I have chosen silicon (Si) as the substrate of choice for implementing the PnBG structure due to its unique properties. I have also designed and implemented the fundamental building blocks of MM systems (e.g., resonators and waveguides) based on the developed PnBG structures and have shown that low loss and efficient MM devices can be made using the PnBG structures. As an example of the possible applications of these PnBG structures, I have shown that an important source of loss, the support loss, can be suppressed in MM resonators using PnBG structures. I have also made improvements in the characteristics of the developed MM PnBG resonators by developing and employing PnBG waveguides. I have further shown theoretically, that photonic band gaps (PtBGs) can also be simultaneously obtained in the developed PnBGs structures. This can lead to improved photon-phonon interactions due to the effective confinement of optical and mechanical vibrations in such structures. For the design, fabrication, and characterization of the structures, I have developed and utilized complex and efficient simulation tools, including a finite difference time domain (FDTD), a plane wave expansion (PWE), and a finite elements (FE) tool, each of which I have developed either completely from scratch, or by modification of an existing tool to suit my applications. I have also developed and used advanced micro-fabrication recipes, and characterization methods for realizing and characterizing these PnBG structures and devices. It is agued that by using the same ideas these structures can be fabricated at nanometer scales to operate at ultra high frequency ranges. I believe my contributions has opened a broad venue for new MM structures based on PnBG structures with superior characteristics compared to the conventional devices.