This paper presents a quantitative study of the gendered division of labor in three nordic and three southern european countries. Using data from the European social survey round 5 about Family and Wellbeing, containing our target countries. The aim of this study is to increase knowledge about which factors affect gender equality in unpaid work at home with breadwinning women as our core focus. Previous research has found that women do the majority of work at home regardless if they have children living at home or working full time. The theoretical framework in this study is based on Hochschild. Hochschild writes about how the traditional gender code for women is to be caring, while also describing the change towards an egalitarian view of household labor and what to expect from each other as men and women.

Yes / Historically, the oil and gas sector has played a significant role in the economic development. Beyond being an important source of energy for industrialisation and other development goals, revenue from oi and gas exports have provided much needed funding for critical sectors in resource rich countries. However, the benefits of oil and gas developments have not been equitably distributed. Local content laws were introduced by resource rich countries to maximise the benefits of resource extraction and production processes for the local population and businesses. Recognising that host communities bear an inordinate burden of the negative externalities associated resource exploitation, local content laws offer an opportunity for mitigating adverse impacts and maximising the wider benefits accruing from the energy sector at the local level. Though women are still often disproportionately impacted by the negative externalities from the oil and gas sector and excluded from employment and decision-making, most local content provisions do not sufficiently address the gender issues. This chapter explores the state of gender equality in Africa’s oil and gas sector and makes recommendations for strengthening women’s inclusion in the sector through local content laws provisions. The chapter also considers main legal approaches for mainstreaming gender equality in local content laws vis-à-vis the trends in the energy sector across the continent. / The full-text of this book chapter will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo, 18 months after publication.

Yes / In this paper we examine empirically a key element of individualisation theory - the democratic family. We do so using the 'acid test' of family policy, and family practice, in Sweden. First we review the progress of family policy in Sweden since the 1960s, which has expressly promoted an agenda of gender equality and democracy in families, with individual autonomy for both adults and children as one key element. We then turn to family practice, looking particularly at negotiation and adult equality, lifelong parenting after separation, and children's autonomy. While Swedish policy makers and shapers seem to have developed the idea of the democratic family long before the sociologist Anthony Giddens, the results in practice have been more ambivalent. While there has been change, there is more adaptation to pre-existing gender and generational norms.

Gender equality is a fundamental pillar of democracy, and its absence significantly impacts societal development. Educational institutions play a central role in fostering democratic citizens who actively champion gender equality. The principle of equal rights and responsibilities is integral to the educational mission, placing a significant onus on schools and their staff (Skolverket.se). From an early age, children encounter gender stereotypes, presenting challenges for gender equality efforts in childhood and education. These challenges persist into adulthood, emphasizing the crucial role of schools in shaping ongoing progress towards gender equality. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether professional teachers employ diverse strategies to fulfill the Swedish National Agency for Education's guidelines on gender equality. Additionally, we aimed to explore the challenges, difficulties, and opportunities encountered by these teachers in implementing their strategies. Our research drew upon gender theory, incorporating key concepts such as gender systems and gender contracts to comprehend and analyze gender equality issues. Compensatory pedagogy also played a vital role in understanding teachers' chosen strategies. Furthermore, leadership and collegial collaboration were essential components of our investigation, revealing significant disparities in how gender equality issues are addressed in the various schools where our semi-structured interviews were conducted. We interviewed 5 practicing teachers from three different schools, and through comprehensive data collection and analysis, we discovered that the concept of gender equality is complex. There are both similarities and differences in the strategies used by teachers, and schools encounter distinct challenges in their gender equality initiatives. However, a common theme among all teachers was their dedication to establishing and maintaining a gender-equal classroom and school environment. We extend our gratitude to the 5 teachers who participated in our interviews, contributing to a deeper understanding of gender equality issues. We also express our thanks to the university and our supervisor for their invaluable support throughout the entire process.

Jämställdhet är en grundläggande princip som strävar efter att skapa likvärdiga möjligheter och behandling för alla oavsett kön. I Sverige har steg tagits för att främja jämställdhet på samhällsnivå, men när vi fördjupar oss inom olika sektorer blir det tydligt att utmaningar kvarstår. Inom arbetslivet och speciellt inom industrin växer insikten om behovet av en mer jämställd företagskultur och arbetsmiljö.Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur jämställdhet implementeras och följs upp samt identifiera utmaningar och möjligheter inom industriföretags jämställdhetsarbete. Resultatet visade att industriföretagen var genomgående av åsikten att jämställdhet inte bara är en fråga om rättvisa utan även en faktor som bidrar till en mer inkluderande, effektiv och attraktiv arbetsplats. Det framkommer trots en ökad medvetenhet och enighet om jämställdhetens betydelse, att det finns utmaningar i att implementera konkreta jämställdhetsintiativ och att övervinna historiskt rotade hinder.

After the Swedish government election in 2022 the newly elected right-wing government initiated a reform of Swedish development aid. The government also decided to retract Sweden’s previously declared Feminist Foreign Policy. This study uses poststructural feminist and postdevelopment theories to identify what gender equality policies that become (im)possible in the government’s aid reform to strengthen the coupling between the two foreign policy areas of development aid and foreign trade. Adopting Bacchi’s What’s the Problem Represented to Be approach to discourse analysis, the study finds that the reform concentrates development aid towards economic growth and trade, representing poverty alleviation as a project of export and trade promotion and as a tool to enhance Swedish interests. Interviews with professionals at Swedish state agencies have been conducted to identify the ways in which state agencies negotiate how the problems of development and gender inequality are represented in the reform. The results show that state agencies have constructed spaces that maintain their power to alter practices in alignment with their expertise. The reform shifts attention away from gender equality to women’s and girls’ empowerment and constructs the goals of the two foreign policy areas as mutually beneficial. While gender equality policy has not disappeared, it has been altered, modified and narrowed to align to the interests of the corporate as well as to the goals of export promotion, trade liberalisation and economic growth.

The present study aimed to (1) examine whether there is an underrepresentation of educated female coaches in Swedish handball and (2) highlight the barriers that contribute to the underrepresentation of female coaches as well as the strategies that can facilitate female involvement in a male-dominated culture, by starting from the feminist theory. A mixed methods methodology with a combination of quantitive descriptive analysis and qualitative semi-structured interviews was utilized. The quantitative analysis included 4010 coaches (1710 women and 2300 men) and showed a clear underrepresentation of educated female elite coaches (17%). The qualitative semi-structured interviews included 6 female coaches between the age of 28 and 59 (M=40.2, SD=11.6) who have all completed the Swedish Handball Federations coach education training level 5 and 6, which is aimed to senior and elite coaches. The results showed that female coaches experienced three general categories of barriers (1) the organizational system (e.g., the recruitment process); (2) external life factors (e.g., economic conditions) and (3) lack of enviromental support (e.g., psychological safety and trust). In addition, the result demonstrated that a two-dimensional approach: organizational and individual, is needed to deal with the perceived barriers. Future research should place emphasis on the experiences of female coaches at the sub-elite level and to ensure interventions are implemented and evaluated to ensure appropriate strategies can be utilized to keep and advance women in coaching at the sub-elite through to the elite level.

One of the most talked about subjects in today's society is gender equality. Sport is a huge part of the Swedish society and gender equality issues are therefore also very evident in sports. The Swedish Sports Confederation have developed gender equality goals, but reports show that there seems to be a gap between theory and practice when it comes to these goals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine how leaders in ice hockey relate to gender equality work in their sport. To fulfill the purpose of this study I have also examined the leaders' understanding of gender equality. An online survey with a quantitative approach was sent out to ice hockey leaders all over Sweden. The study found that the majority of the leaders have a positive and united understanding of gender equality. In addition, they also have a more positive look on the ice hockey clubs gender equality work than the Swedish Ice Hockey Associations’ gender equality work. The leaders have split opinions when it comes to how much the ice hockey club and the Swedish Ice Hockey Association should prioritize working with gender equality. The study concludes that the leaders have a relatively positive approach to gender equality work, and they all also have a similar understanding of gender equality.

No description available.

Att vara en fotbollstränare borde vara lika självklart för både kvinnor och män, men idag är det inte det, då majoriteten av alla fotbollstränare är män. Syftet med arbetet var att få en djupare förståelse för erfarna kvinnliga fotbollstränares syn på att vara en kvinnlig fotbollstränare i en förening. Frågeställningarna handlar om hur kvinnliga fotbollstränare upplever att vara just en kvinnlig fotbollstränare, vad de ser för hinder och möjligheter och vad nuvarande och nya kvinnliga tränare skulle behöva för stöttning från förbund och föreningar. För att svara på frågeställningarna gjordes åtta kvalitativa intervjuer med erfarna kvinnliga tränare. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys med stöd i Självbestämmandeteorin användes sedan för att analysera materialet. Resultatet visade på att de kvinnliga fotbollstränarna upplever sexism och exkludering på grund av att de är kvinnor. De kvinnliga fotbollstränarna nämnde tre punkter som både förbund och föreningar behöver arbeta med för att bli mer jämställda: •Kvinnliga nätverk •Kvinnliga förebilder •Arbeta mot normens fotbollstränare och belysa att det finns olika typer av fotbollstränare För att det ska ske någon utveckling måste vi lyssna på de kvinnliga tränarnas behov och önskemål. Vi måste också förstå att denna utveckling är ett långsiktigt arbete som kommer kräva både tid och tålamod. / Being a football coach should be equally obvious for both women and men, but today it is not, as the majority of all football coaches are men. The purpose of the work was to gain a deeper understanding of experienced female football coaches views on being a female football coach in an association. The questions are about how female football coaches experience being a female football coach, what they see as obstacles and opportunities and what current and new female coaches would need for support from federations and associations. To answer the questions, eight qualitative interviews were conducted with experienced female coaches. A qualitative content analysis based on the Self-Determination Theory was then used to analyze the material. The results showed that the female football coaches experience sexism and exclusion because they are women. The female football coaches mentioned three points that both federations and associations need to work on to become more gender equal: •Women's networks •Female role models •Work against the norm of football coaches and highlight that there are different types of football coaches For there to be any development, we need to listen to the needs and wishes of female coaches. We also need to understand that this development is a long-term effort that will require both time and patience.