O seguinte estudo etnográfico versa sobre as relações nas performances musicais de chirimía, conjunto musical instrumental representativo das comunidades negras da cidade de Quibdó- Chocó (Colômbia). No processo de produção cultural onde se configura a chirimía evidenciam-se relações de gênero tensas que se expressam como um elemento transversal das performances musicais deste conjunto musical. Dita produção cultural desenvolve-se principalmente através de dois âmbitos, o público e o doméstico, que dão lugar a uma dualidade constitutiva própria das práticas musicais e sonoridades negras de Quibdó. Nesse processo as sonoridades femininas se cristalizam nos espaços domésticos enquanto que as sonoridades masculinas no público, materializado nos conjunto musicais de chirimía. Essa situação nos leva a propor como pergunta de investigação de quê modo opera essa tensão de gênero na performatividade e a prática musical da chirimía em Quibdó? Do mesmo modo este estúdio nos convida a refletir a partir das trajetórias pessoais e musicais de três mulheres instrumentistas as possíveis reconfigurações da produção cultural da cidade. / This ethnographic study is about gender relations in chirimía musical performances, an instrumental music group representative of black communities in Quibdó- Chocó (Colombia). Inside the process of cultural production, where the chirimía takes place, emerge tense gender relations as a transversal element of the musical performances. This cultural production is developed mainly through domestic and public spaces that generate the constitutive duality of musical practices and black sonorities in Quibdó. In this process, female sonorities are crystalized in domestic spaces, while male sonorities emerge in public spaces, materialized in chirimia music group scenarios. This situation take us to the next research question: how does this gender tension operate during the musical performances and practices of chirimía in Quibdó? Additionally, this study invite us to think about the musical and personal trajectories of three women instrumentalists, about possible reconfigurations of cultural production in the city. / Este estudio etnográfico versa sobre las relaciones de género en las performances musicales de chirimía, conjunto musical instrumental representativo de las comunidades negras de Quibdó-Chocó (Colombia). En el proceso de producción cultural donde se configura la chirimía, se evidencian relaciones de género tensas que se expresan como un elemento transversal de las performances musicales de este conjunto musical. Dicha producción cultural se desarrolla principalmente a través de dos ámbitos, el público y el domestico, que dan lugar a una dualidad constitutiva propia de las prácticas musicales y sonoridades negras de Quibdó. En ese proceso, las sonoridades femeninas se cristalizan en los espacios domésticos, mientras que las sonoridades masculinas en lo público, materializado en los conjuntos musicales de chirimía. Esa situación nos lleva a plantear como pregunta de investigación ¿De qué modo opera esa tensión de género en la performatividad y la práctica musical de la chirimía en Quibdó? Igualmente, este estudio nos invita a reflexionar a partir de las trayectorias personales y musicales de tres mujeres instrumentistas, las posibles reconfiguraciones de la producción cultural de la ciudad.

Ce projet de mémoire a pris forme dans le but d’étudier comment l’effet du genre module la charge mentale au travail, en s’intéressant à l’impact des rapports de genre sur le sentiment de surcharge mentale et comment ils influent sur l’expression du mal-être individuel. L’analyse d’entretiens réalisés auprès de sept femmes et cinq hommes révèle divers facteurs contribuant à l’impression d’être mentalement surchargé au travail : les contraintes temporelles ; l’imprévisibilité ; la précarité au niveau économique et des conditions de travail ; le caractère exigeant des responsabilités professionnelles ; les contradictions du travail ; l’insuffisance du soutien organisationnel ; le manque de reconnaissance au travail ; le faible soutien social ; ainsi que la difficulté à concilier travail et famille. Ces multiples éléments colorent le discours des participants à la fois selon leur genre individuel et selon le type de métier qu’ils occupent : ceux-ci s’inscrivent dans une division relativement bien définie entre métiers majoritairement féminins et métiers majoritairement masculins. Suite à l’analyse des entretiens, il a été possible de cerner des tendances spécifiques à chaque type de métier, qui s’observent dans la relation entre demande psychologique et latitude décisionnelle. Appliqués au modèle de Karasek (1979), les résultats indiquent une conjoncture surchargeante pour les participants occupant un métier à prédominance féminine, où apparaît un cadre organisationnel oppressant. Enfin, de par les effets pernicieux de la non-valorisation du travail traditionnellement féminin et du travail reproductif associé à la gestion familiale, les résultats de cette présente recherche suggèrent que les femmes sont particulièrement à risque d’être surchargées mentalement et de vivre un profond mal-être. / This thesis was developed with the aim of studying how the effect of gender modulates mental burden at work, focusing on the impact of gender relations on the feeling of mental overload and how they influence the expression of individual malaise. The analysis of interviews with seven women and five men reveals various factors contributing to the impression of being mentally overloaded at work: time constraints; unpredictability; economic precariousness and working conditions; the demanding nature of professional responsibilities; the contradictions of work; inadequate organizational support; lack of recognition at work; weak social support; as well as the difficulty of reconciling work and family. These multiple elements colour the participants' discourse both according to their individual gender and according to their type of occupation : they are part of a relatively well-defined division between predominantly female occupations and predominantly male occupations. Following the analysis of the interviews, it was possible to identify trends specific to each type of occupation, which are observed in the relationship between psychological demand and decision latitude. Applied to the model of Karasek (1979), the results indicate an overburdening situation for participants in a predominantly female occupation, where an oppressive organizational framework emerges. Finally, because of the pernicious effects of the non-valorization of the traditionally female work and of the reproductive work associated with family management, the results of this research suggest that women are particularly at risk of being mentally overloaded and experiencing a profound malaise.

À Lombok, île rurale indonésienne, la communauté sasak a longtemps pratiqué un islam syncrétique et tolérant. Depuis le 20e siècle cependant, les différents revirements politiques qui ont animé l’île ont eu l’effet d’encourager un islam plus orthodoxe et de réaffirmer les valeurs traditionnelles sasaks. Aujourd’hui, cette dynamique avive l’identité religieuse des Sasaks et réitère le rôle des femmes en tant qu’épouses et mères de famille, responsables de la maisonnée. Parallèlement, le développement rapide du tourisme, encouragé par l’état indonésien, oblige une reconfiguration du travail des femmes. Ces dernières sont de plus en plus nombreuses à occuper des postes dans les infrastructures touristiques, emplois qui sont localement associés à la modernité, mais aussi aux inconduites des voyageurs. En confrontant leur rôle au sein de la maisonnée et les conventions de leur modestie, cette nouvelle économie place les femmes au centre d’un réseau de mouvance identitaire où s’affrontent des idéaux locaux et nationaux. Comment ces femmes arrivent-elles à coordonner ces rôles en apparence contradictoires ? Quel en est l’impact sur leur quotidien et leur identité, leur rôle genré ? L’objectif principal de cette recherche consiste à investiguer, au moyen d’un terrain ethnographique, la complexité des rapports qu’entretiennent les femmes sasaks avec les emplois du domaine touristique. En se concentrant sur les dynamiques de la parenté et des relations de genre sasaks, cette recherche éclaire à la fois les obstacles quotidiens et les enjeux identitaires que vivent les travailleuses sasaks lorsqu’elles contractent un emploi dans l’industrie touristique. Ultimement, ce mémoire réactualise la pertinence d’investiguer la parenté dans l’étude des changements sociaux et met en lumière la complexité des rapports identitaires que peuvent vivre les populations visées par le tourisme international. / In Lombok, a rural Indonesian island, the Sasak community has long practised a syncretic and tolerant Islam. However, since the 20th century, various political shifts affected the island which had the effect of encouraging a more orthodox Islam and reaffirming traditional sasak values. Nowadays, this dynamic reiterates the role of women as wives and mothers, household keepers, as a key element for their religious identity. In parallel, a fast-growing international tourism, encouraged by the Indonesian state, is forcing a reorganization of women’s work. Women mostly work as clerks in hotels and restaurants which locally are jobs associated with modernity, but also with the travellers’ misbehaviour. As they work outside the household, their purity and their performance as wives and mothers are compromised. Therefore, women are placed in an awkward position: as their jobs align with national ideals they are also confronting local values. How do these women manage to play these seemingly contradictory roles? What is the impact on their daily activities and their identity, their gender role? The main objective of this research is to investigate, through an ethnographic fieldwork, the reality of Sasak women who engage in the tourism industry. By focusing on kinship dynamics and gender relations, this research highlights both the day-to-day obstacles and identity issues that Sasak women workers experience as they work. Ultimately, this research updates the relevance of investigating kinship in the study of social changes and highlights the complexity of identity crisis that can experience a community targeted by international tourism.

Dekonstruktion bezeichnet ein durch den poststrukturalistischen Philosophen Jacques Derrida entwickeltes Lektüreverfahren, das sich gegen den tradierten hermeneutischen Ansatz richtet. Es stellt eine letztgültige, im Text enthaltene Bedeutung in Abrede, legt Brüche und Verwerfungen frei und postuliert die Unabschließbarkeit des Interpretationsvorgangs. Statt selbst einen Sinn zu behaupten, erfüllt sich der Zweck der Dekonstruktion in der Prozessualität, das heißt im Akt des Fragens selbst.

Sexismus bezeichnet verschiedene Formen der positiven und negativen Diskriminierung von Menschen aufgrund ihres zugeschriebenen Geschlechts sowie die diesem Phänomen zugrunde liegende Geschlechterrollen festschreibende und hierarchisierende Ideologie. Ursprünglich wurde der Begriff in den 1960er Jahren in der US-amerikanischen Frauenbewegung als Analogie zu Rassismus (racism) eingeführt. Sowohl Männer als auch Frauen können von Sexismus betroffen sein. Die Erscheinungsformen von Sexismus sind kulturell und historisch bedingt.

Social media analysis, in feminist critical military studies, is a highly underrepresented field. Although, the world is evolving faster than ever and, within the digitalised world, different methods of representation are used to (re-)produce ideologies, signify meanings, and interpellate individuals accordingly. Militaries are making use of social media accounts as representational tools to justify their informal and formal structures. Nonetheless, these organisations are challenged to become more inclusive, more democratic, and more diverse. The Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces) is considered a highly heteronormative, masculine connotated, white organisation and is in the midst of transformation, too. On social media, the Bundeswehr tends to represent itself as a more inclusive, tolerant, and diverse organisation. Nonetheless, the public eyes are watching and valuing the reaction of this highly symbolic organisation when their heteronormative settings are under pressure. Opinions are shared, communities are formed, voices are being raised and simultaneously silenced. Thus, questions emerge, such as how are glimpses of inclusivity regarding gender norms and gender relations (re-)presented on the Bundeswehr’s Facebook account? How does the public engage with the posts? Who is included? Who remains hidden? Therefore, I have developed a case study in which I shall employ a mix of the methods and apply an intersectional lens to analyse glimpses of inclusivity on the Bundeswehr’s Facebook account. I argue glimpses of inclusivity have to be analysed from two perspectives. The Bundeswehr’s perspective needs to be analysed in relation to how they represent glimpses of inclusivity and how they negotiate possible tensions of inclusivity. At the same time, engagements with the posts by users in relation to glimpses of inclusivity and tensions of inclusivity are crucial to analyse, too.

No description available.

Ce mémoire aborde le partage des tâches chez les couples guinéens (mariés avec enfants) établis au Québec. Nous avons exploré essentiellement quelques éléments qui reviennent dans les propos des couples interrogés. Les résultats obtenus montrent tout d'abord que les hommes sont restés longtemps cantonnés à la sphère productive dans leur pays d’origine, exclus de toutes les activités relatives au « care » largement assumées par les femmes. Or en l’absence de réseau au Québec, les deux membres du couple se trouvent en situation de plus grande dépendance mutuelle pour leur survie, et le conjoint n’a pas le choix de s’impliquer. Ainsi, les nécessités économiques poussent davantage aux changements observés chez les hommes que la sensibilité aux « valeurs démocratiques/féministes » du pays d’accueil. En effet, les propos de certaines femmes interrogées montrent qu’elles sont satisfaites de venir rejoindre leur mari au Québec et de rester à leurs côtés, tout en investissant dans des activités professionnelles auxquelles elles n’avaient pas accès, même étant instruites, dans leur pays d’origine. L’installation au Québec augmente leur pouvoir de négociation dans le couple et pousse leur conjoint à s’impliquer davantage dans les tâches connotées comme « féminines » en Guinée. / This thesis addresses the sharing of tasks within Guinean couples (married with children) established in Quebec. In this sense, it lays the groundwork for an analysis still to be deepened. I essentially explored a few elements that recur in the semi-structured interviews performed. The results show first of all that men have long remained confined to the productive sphere in their country of origin, excluded from all care activities largely assumed by women. However, in the absence of a network in Quebec, the two members of the couple are now in greater mutual dependence for their survival and the spouse does not have much choice to get involved. Thus, economic necessities drive the observed changes more than sensitivity to the “democratic/feminist values” of the host country. Indeed, some women are more satisfied to come and stay with their husbands in Quebec and to invest in professional activities to which they had not accessed even being educated in the country of origin. This increases their bargaining power in the couple and pushes their husbands to become more involved in tasks connoted as “feminine” in Guinea.

The central objective of this dissertation is to gain an understanding of the effect by the market within the household on a specific developmental initiative whose aim was poverty reduction. This dissertation analyses how individuals gain access to resources, and how they enforce their entitlements during the on-going implicit and explicit negotiations inherent in daily rural life. The research tested the suitability of several concepts previously untested in the southern African context. The concept of hearth-holds, proved valuable as a unit of analysis which recognizes the importance of female-directed social units. The relevance of the fall-back position in terms of locality of kin, as well as perceptions of legitimacy, were crucial in affecting how far they were willing to go and what they felt they could demand in everyday household bargaining situations. The deficiency of using romantic ideas of conjugal relations and equal opportunities to explain practice was apparent. Spouses strategise within the terms of their conjugal contracts, at times adhering to the dominant patriarchal bargain, at times covertly defying or overtly challenging it, and following another bargain. Placing women as the custodians of morality, works to the relative advantage of men by isolating women from accessing certain opportunities. Female heads of households, manage to legitimise their access to resources by virtue of being custodians of their children. Custodianship of cash funds, and the dominant decision making model used for resource related decisions in the household, clearly impacted on the relevance of different strategies in the bargaining process. The strategic entry points in this process of reduced transparency and violence were relevant in most households studied. The latter was effective in reinforcing and shaping the conjugal contract, despite in effect breaking it. Drinking facilitated this process by creating a temporary suspension of the rules. Concrete recommendations for developmental practitioners involve incorporating the hearth-hold concept and promoting the communal planning, budgeting and monitoring approach, as well as to specifically target individuals who need their intra-household bargaining power boosted. A clear policy on affirmative action in gate keeper roles, as well as gender disaggregated documentation of beneficiaries, should be institutionalised. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The purpose of this research was to analyse the impact of forced migration on women and development in northern Uganda. The armed conflict in northern Uganda, which started in 1986, led to gross violations of human rights against women forcing them to flee their homes and ftnd refuge in overcrowded resettlement camps. The main objective of the study was to critically analyse the causes of displacement and the experiences of internally displaced women so as to contribute to available knowledge on women and development Qualitative and feminist research techniques were carried out in Erute Camp located in Lira Municipality among intemally displaced women, using observation and interviews. The findings reveal that forced migration was caused by the armed conflict between the LRA rebels and the government solders. The conflict destroyed in:frastructw·e and socio-economic service delivery systems. This consequently par·alysed the northern Uganda's development as many civilians were forced to abandon their homesteads due to traumatic experiences of killings, torture and abductions. This resulted in human disintegration and the collapse of economic and social development in the region that was based on agriculture. The prolonged insecurity disrupted education, health, communication and commercial activities resulting in absolute poverty and underdevelopment Despite effo11s by government and some humanitarian agencies to provide the needs of the affected civilians, peace and reconciliation seems to be hard to achieve. Insecurity continues to spread making normal life, relief and economic activities impossible. Due to lack of effective implementation, coordination and monitoring of programmes, the situation poses great challenges to government and international h\Unanitarian agencies present such as: WFP, UNHCR, WHO, World Bank and others. Therefore, forced migration has a significant impact on women's social, economic, cultural and environmental development. However, a positive impact regar·ding women's empowe1ment and gender equality due to changed roles was eminent. I conclude by recommending that the stakeholders need to increase the capacity to restore peace. There is need to coordinate the development projects and programmes through increased flexibility and transparency. However, the need to involve women in the reconciliation and reconstruction processes to restore peace in northern Uganda is vital / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil.