Background: More than 200 million females worldwide live with some form of female genital mutilation [FGM]. While reinforcing social and cultural values for those, to whom the practice is normative, FGM also envelops psychological as well as physical lifelong consequences. Aim: This literature study aimed to describe women's experiences of living with female genital mutilation from a physical, psychological, social and cultural perspective. Method: A literature study was performed through collecting and analysing ten qualitative articles. The data consisted of narratives of migrant women that had undergone FGM and lived in Western societies. The analysis was performed according to Friberg's five-step-model. Results: Feelings of honour and shame were expressed in connection to FGM. FGM was understood to fortify belonging to cultural identities and establish social acceptance linked to cultural ideals of femininity. Emotional and physical pain made women feel incompleteness, challenging their social relationships, including sexual intimacy. Additionally, it was noted that healthcare professionals lack specific knowledge needed while caring for those women, leaving them hesitant in further seeking healthcare. Women's perception of FGM changed after migration. They experienced larger control over their lives but also insecurity towards the discontinuation of the practice. Conclusion: FGM and its implications were complex and resulted in consequences that affect women's life. Greater knowledge and understanding of FGM were identified as necessary on the healthcare system, strengthening and furthering the required support and information for women's health.

Le prolapsus génital est une pathologie fonctionnelle féminine fréquente dont le retentissement sur la qualité de vie des femmes peut être important et constitue aujourd'hui un véritable enjeu de santé publique. / Genital prolapse is a frequent female functional pathology that can have strong impact on quality of life; it is today a real public health issue. Surgical treatment of the various stages of cystocele is a current challenge. We developed an innovative 3D numerical model using the Finite Elements method, to enable simulation of the various surgical techniques. The model also allowed validation of our surgical hypotheses and provided some answers to outstanding questions in cystocele surgery. The first of my PhD studies allowed me to make a complete review of the anatomical pelvic organ support structures involved in prolapse, and to distinguish certain anatomic theories relating clinical expression to specific anatomic lesions. The various theories are actually quite close and complementary, but differ in terms of the mechanism implicated. The second study involved designing a 3D numerical biomechanical model of the pelvic floor, based on Finite Elements analysis coupled to dynamic MRI. The model allowed me to assess the various theories of pelvic organ suspension, and to design simulations of cystocele mobility. The model provided better understanding of the anatomic structures involved in prolapse. The third study involved designing a 3D numerical pathologic model based on data for patients with grade ≥ 3 cystocele. The model enabled analysis and assessment of the impact of the various surgical correction techniques and fixation zones on organ mobility. Although the results have not been validated clinically, the study contributed to the scientific literature on the importance of mesh reinforcement in the management of cystocele. Comparison between the various techniques (sacrocolpopexy, vaginal mesh suspension, sacrospinous fixation) using the POP-Q points found that point Ba was better corrected by sacrocolpopexy than sacrospinous fixation or vaginal mesh suspension. For sacrospinous fixation, the further it is performed from the sciatic spine, the better the apical correction of point C but the poorer the correction of point Ba. These findings could be used to improve surgical correction techniques and standardize practice. Thus, our 3D numerical cystocele model could contribute to selecting the surgical technique for correction of the cervix and anterior vaginal wall. The Finite Elements model of the pelvic system provides better understanding of the mechanisms underlying surgical correction of cystocele and the vaginal apex. It could also enable the results of prolapse surgery to be predicted, adapting technique to the individual patient by preoperative simulation. Simulation provides original and interesting information on mobility in prolapse. The present simulation results obviously need future assessment in comparison with clinical practice. In conclusion, simulation and the implementation of a 3D numerical model of pelvic mobility now allows better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pelvic statics disorder, with simulation of pathological pelvic mobility and of prolapse surgery procedures.

HIV est principalement transmis par voie sexuelle. Bien que les stratégies de prévention basées sur les antirétroviraux (TasP et PrEP) soient efficaces, d'autres approches (en particulier vaccinales) restent d' actualité.Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons caractérisé le réservoir séminal de HIV chez des patients chroniquement infectés et sous trithérapie antirétrovirale (TARV). Dans le sperme, HIV est présent sous forme libre et/ou associée aux NSMC. Ces deux formes peuvent être transmises. Le TARV réduit la quantité de virus libre dans le sperme, sans éliminer le virus associé aux NSMC. A heure du TasP, comme meilleur outil de prévention de la transmission sexuelle, mieux caractériser l'état de ce virus résiduel (latent, réplicatif, défectif ?) est nécessaire. Dans notre travail, le virus associé aux NSMC n'a pas été réactivé, laissant supposer que le virus résiduel dans les NSMC de patients sous TARV au long cours, peut être défectif. Ces données restent à confirmer dans de plus grandes cohortes.Dans la deuxième partie du travail, nous avons caractérisé sur le plan isotypique et fonctionnel, les anticorps dirigés contre HIV du sperme. L'objectif est de mettre en évidence des anticorps « large spectre » neutralisant HIV, et/ou inhibant la transcytose, et/ou capables d'ADCC et ciblant les souches virales potentiellement transmissibles par voie sexuelle. Nous avons identifié dans le plasma séminal de certains patients des anticorps neutralisant des souches X4 tropiques, alors que les souches majoritairement transmises par voie sexuelle sont R5 tropiques. Nous avons observé la capacité d' anticorps dirigés contre HIV du plasma séminal à traverser un épithélium monocouche. Le rôle protecteur ou facilitateur est à préciser. Des anticorps protecteurs pourraient être utilisés dans des formulations de type microbicides ou en immunothérapie et contribuer également à un développement de vaccin après identification des épitopes cibles. / HIV new infections are mostly related to sexual transmission. Semen contains HIV free particles and cell-associated HIV. Both forms are sexually transmitted. Although PrEP and TasP are efficient to prevent HIV sexual transmission, other strategies like a Vaccine remain needed.In a first part, we studies HIV reservoir in HIV-infected patients receiving combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) in semen. cART reduced HIV viral load in semen, but had a no activity against cell-associated HIV. We tried to reactivate HIV cell reservoir in semen to better characterize its role. We did not observe any reactivation; HIV reservoir in semen might be mostly latent, or defective. This observation should be confirmed in larger cohort of patients.In a second part, we aimed to study the prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies in semen and their role in sexual transmission. Semen of HIV-infected men contains anti-HIV immunoglobulins (Igs), mostly IgG. We observed that unspecific Igs (IgG, IgAl, IgA2) and anti-HIV IgG and IgA were able to transmigrate across an epithelium monolayer mimicking endocervix. This transmigration property may facilitate HIV transcytosis. We also observed a neutralizing activity by Igs purified from semen of 2 chronically infected patients against a X4-tropic viral strain. Seminal anti-HIV may exhibit a dual role (facilitating or limiting) HIV sexual transmission. Protective antibodies purified from semen might be used in preventive strategies like microbicides or serotherapy, and may help to develop vaccine after identification of their epitopes.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2006 / Bibliografia: f. 61-66 / A endometriose pélvica é uma doença complexa, de alto impacto sobre a qualidade de vida das pacientes e sobre os sistemas nacionais de saúde pública. Apesar disso, pouco se conhece sobre a epidemiologia e as bases moleculares da patogênese da doença. Estu / Endometriosis is a disease that causes a high impact on women quality of life and on public health. The epidemiology and molecular basis are still a challenge. Epidemiologic studies in different populations disagree between clinical findings and definitiv

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-07-06T18:35:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2607465 bytes, checksum: 3b40f68f4d4225bf615db6cabfb8d333 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T18:35:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2607465 bytes, checksum: 3b40f68f4d4225bf615db6cabfb8d333 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Existem poucos estudos sobre a caracterização do sistema reprodutor masculino, especialmente o epidídimo, em morcegos neotropicais. Estudos prévios em morcegos, Molossus molossus e Eumops glaucinus, mostraram que o epitélio epididimário apresenta características similares a de outros mamíferos, quando analisados sob microscopia de luz. Porém, não foi encontrado nenhum trabalho caracterizando o epidídimo do morcego vampiro comum, Desmodus rotundus. O epidídimo exerce diversas funções como concentração, maturação, transporte e estocagem do espermatozoide. Esse órgão é composto por epitélio pseudoestratificado, podendo ser dividido em quatro regiões, segmento inicial, cabeça, corpo e cauda. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o epidídimo do morcego vampiro comum com base nos aspectos morfológicos, histomorfométricos e ultraestruturais, através do uso de microscopia de luz, epifluorescência e eletrônica. Para a imunohistoquímica, foram usados marcadores de diferentes tipos celulares, como aquaporina 9, citoqueratina 5 e H + V-ATPase, e proteínas de tight junction, como claudina 1, claudina 3, claudina 4 e zônula de oclusão 1. No presente estudo foi possível identificar a região proximal do epidídimo, segmento inicial e cabeça, e a região distal, corpo e cauda. Todas as regiões apresentaram epitélio pseudoestratificado composto por células principais, basais e claras. A altura do epitélio epididimário diminuiu a partir da região proximal para a distal, enquanto o diâmetro do ducto e o de interducto aumentaram. O compartimento do ducto foi o principal componente do epidídimo do morcego vampiro comum. Células principais apresentaram formato colunar com estereocílio na membrana apical da célula em contato com o lúmen e foram as mais frequentes.Ao longo de todo o epidídimo, foi observado marcação PAS- positiva, formando o glicocálice, e expressão da proteína aquaporina 9 no estereocílio. Em todas as regiões observamos grânulos PAS-positivo no citpolasma, além de características ultraestruturais relacionadas às funções de absorção e secreção. O segundo tipo celular mais observado foi a célula basal. Essas foram identificadas pela posição do núcleo, localizado na porção basal do epitélio, adjacente à membrana basal. Em todas as regiões do epidídimo as células basais expressaram citoqueratina 5 e formaram uma rede de comunicação, através de prolongamentos citoplasmáticos laterais, na base do epitélio. Células claras foram as células menos observadas no epitélio epididimário do morcego vampiro comum. Essas apresentaram formato caliciforme, com núcleo na região apical da célula, baixa frequência na região da cauda e expressaram H + V-ATPase. Ultraestruturalmente, os tipos celulares mostraram características similares ao longo do epidídimo. No morcego vampiro comum, observamos a expressão de proteínas de tight junction, claudinas e zônula de oclusão 1, na porção apical das membranas laterais das células adjacentes que compõem o epitélio epididimário. Entretanto, enquanto zônula de oclusão 1 foi observada somente em tight junction, as claudinas foram observadas na região de tight junction, e na membrana basolateral das células adjacentes, incluindo células basais. Houve diferença na distribuição das claudinas quando comparado o epitélio das regiões proximais com as distais do epidídimo e entre as estações de chuva e seca. Conclui-se que o conhecimento das características do epitélio epididimário do morcego comum aumenta as informações sobre o aparelho reprodutor masculino de espécies de morcegos neotropicais, uma vez que o epidídimo de animais dessa espécie apresenta algumas peculiaridades, como o formato caliciforme das células claras em todas as regiões e baixa quantidade dessas na região da cauda, e a ausência de prolongamento citoplasmático em direção ao lúmen das células basais. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para o entendimento de como ocorre a maturação espermática nessa espécie, e se variações hormonais e sazonais podem interferir de alguma forma nesse órgão. / There are few studies about the characterization of the male reproductive system, especially the epididymis, in neotropical bats. Previous studies in bats, Molossus molossus and Eumops glaucinus, showed that the epididymal epithelium presents similar characteristics to the other mammals, when analyzed by light microscopy. However, there is not any study focused on the morphological features of the epididymis in common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus. The epididymis is responsible for several functions such as concentration, maturation, transport and storage of sperm. This organ is composed of pseudostratified epithelium and may be divided into four regions, initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the common vampire bat’s epididymis based in morphological, histomorphometric and ultrastructural aspects using light, epifluorescence and electron microscopy. For the immunohistochemistry, were used different cell types markers, such as aquaporin 9, cytokeratin 5 and H + V-ATPase, and tight junction proteins, as claudin 1, claudin 3, claudin 4 and zonula occludens 1. In this current study, we observed the proximal region of the epididymis, initial segment and caput, and the distal region, corpus and cauda. All the regions showed a pseudostratified epithelium composed of principal, basal and clear cells. The epithelium height decreased from the proximal to the distal region, while the duct and interduct diameter increased. The duct compartment was the main component of the common vampire bat epididymis. Principal cells showed a columnar shape with stereocilia in the cell apical membrane in contact with the lumen, and were the most frequent cell type. Along the epididymis, was observed PAS-positive staining, forming the glycocalix, and expression of aquaporin 9 in the stereocilia. In all regions, we observed PAS-positive granules in the cytoplasm, besides of ultrastructural characteristics related to absorption and secretion functions. The second most frequent cell type was basal cells. These cells were identified by the nuclei position, located in the basal portion of the epithelium, adjacent to the basement membrane. In all epididymal regions, the basal cells expressed cytokeratin 5, and formed a dense network, through cytoplasmatic lateral extensions, at the basal portion of the epithelium. Clear cells were the less frequent cell type observed in the epididymal epithelium of common vampire bat. These cells showed a goblet-shaped body, with nuclei in the apical region, low frequency in the cauda region, and expressed H + V-ATPase. Ultrastructurally, the cell types showed the same cellular characteristics along the epididymis. In the common vampire bat, we observed expression of tight junction proteins, claudins and zonula occludens 1, at the apical portion of lateral membranes of the adjacent epididymis epithelial cells. However, only zonula occludens 1 was observed in the tight junction, while the claudins were observed in the tight junction and in the basolateral membrane of adjacent epithelial cells, including basal cell. There was difference in the claudins distribution when compared the epithelium of the proximal with the distal regions, and between rainy and dry seasons. In conclusion, the knowledge of the epididymal epithelium of the common vampire bat increases the information about the male reproductive system in neotropical bat species, since the epididymis of this specie shows peculiarities, as the shape of clear cells in all regions and low frequency in the cauda, and absence of the luminal-reaching body into the lumen in basal cells. Moreover, more studies are necessary to understand the process of sperm maturation in this species, and if hormonal and seasonality variations could interfere in this organ.

La vaginosis bacteriana (VB) es actualmente una de las causas más comunes de infección vaginal en mujeres en edad fértil, sin embargo, poco es lo que se sabe sobre su historia natural y las causas que la generan. En este sentido, se realizó un estudio analítico descriptivo, retrospectivo del tipo casocontrol para determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la vaginosis bacteriana (VB) en pacientes atendidas en la clínica Good Hope. Utilizando la puntuación de Nugent se analizaron las muestras de secreción vaginal de las pacientes atendidas en la clínica durante el periodo julio–octubre de 2017. De las 673 muestras analizadas, el 61,1% de pacientes presentaban una microbiota normal y el 18,4% presentaban VB, a partir de estos dos grupos se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 60 pacientes con VB para conformar el grupo de los casos y 120 pacientes sin VB para el grupo de los controles. A partir de la historia clínica se colectaron en una ficha los datos clínicos y demográficos de cada paciente. Estos datos fueron procesados y por medio del análisis bivariado y multivariado, donde se evaluó el riesgo y grado de asociación con la VB. No se encontró diferencias significativas en cuanto a la edad en ambos grupos; en cuanto a la residencia, los distritos de Santiago de Surco y Cercado de Lima fueron los más prevalentes para el grupo de los casos y de los controles respectivamente. Tras el análisis estadístico los factores: estado de gestación (OR= 0,483, IC= 0,244–0,955, p=0,036) y el antecedente de Candidiasis (OR= 3,651 IC= 1,055–12,630, p=0,041) tuvieron significancia estadística como factor protector y de riesgo para la VB, respectivamente. / Tesis

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Evalúa el daño a nivel del sistema renal y reproductivo producido por la exposición crónica de cadmio en ratas de la especie Rattus Norvegicus Cepa Sprague Dawley. El diseño es analítico experimental. Para el presente estudio se utiliza 48 ratas (24 machos y 24 hembras) de la especie Rattus norvegicus de entre 6 a 7 semanas de edad. Fueron administradas 3 diferentes dosis (0.352 ug de cadmio por día 0.528 ug de cadmio por día y 0.880 ug de cadmio por día) y un control, basados en la ingesta diaria admisible (IDA) de acuerdo al Comité Mixto FAO/OMS de Expertos en Aditivos Alimentarios (JECFA). Se realiza un estudio histólogico y bioquímico (creatinina, proteínas totales, albumina, globulina, urea y ácido úrico) a nivel renal y un estudio histológico a nivel reproductivo. Los resultados muestran que a lo largo de los seis meses hay diferencia significativa a nivel sanguíneo en el ácido úrico en todas las dosis; y no hay daño histológico a nivel renal (riñón) ni a nivel reproductivo (macho: testículo, hembra: ovario). Se concluye que la exposición crónica de cadmio genera toxicidad a nivel renal incidiendo en el ácido úrico en ratas de la especie Rattus norvegicus cepa Sprague dawley. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-12. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841294_20160212.pdf: 455091 bytes, checksum: cf5f5b68871cf0cd54c8c50a907eee6f (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-02-12T10:30:03Z: 000841294_20160212.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-12T10:30:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841294.pdf: 1238916 bytes, checksum: 3073f4f03baf2b589d8ee875c0fca572 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Gradução da UNESP (ProPG) / A vaginose bacteriana é o tipo mais comum de flora vaginal anormal e pode ser definida pela diminuição, ou mesmo depleção, dos lactobacilos vaginais. Tal condição está associada ao aumento do risco de parto prematuro e aquisição de diversas infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. A eficácia a curto prazo do tratamento da vaginose bacteriana com metronidazol é baixa. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o proteoma do fluido cérvico-vaginal de mulheres com vaginose bacteriana e comparar o perfil proteômico entre as mulheres que foram tratadas com sucesso em relação àquelas que falharam em restabelecer a microbiota lactobacilar após 7 dias de metronidazol. A presença da vaginose bacteriana foi definida de acordo com os critérios de Nugent após coloração de Gram dos esfregaços vaginais. Os perfis proteômicos do fluido cérvico-vaginal foram determinados utilizando a metodologia de shotgun LC MS/MS. As análises comparativas do proteoma das 38 mulheres com vaginose bacteriana e 39 com microbiota vaginal normal identificaram e determinaram a abundância relativa de 116 proteínas. Entre elas, catepsina G e a região BRO da cadeia pesada V-III de imunoglobulina foram exclusivas de vaginose bacteriana e o inibidor de elastase de leucócitos, involucrina e a proteína associada a diferenciação de neuroblastos AHNAK exclusivas de microbiota vaginal normal. Além disso, 20 (17.2%) proteínas foram diferencialmente expressas na vaginose bacteriana, das quais 9 são envolvidas na resposta imune. Entretanto, a comparação do proteoma do fluido cérvico-vaginal das 24 mulheres com vaginose bacteriana que foram tratadas com sucesso e 11 que persistiram com esta condição após o tratamento com metronidazol não apresentou diferença. Portanto, pudemos demonstrar que a vaginose bacteriana altera significantemente o proteoma local, mas o perfil proteômico cérvico-vaginal do hospedeiro não influencia a resposta ao... / Bacterial vaginosis is the most common type of abnormal vaginal flora and defined by the depletion of vaginal lactobacilli. This condition increases the risk of premature labor and acquisition of several sexually transmitted infections. Short-term efficacy of bacterial vaginosis metronidazole treatment is low. Thus, we aimed to characterize the cervicovaginal fluid proteome of women with bacterial vaginosis and to compare the proteomic profile between women who were successfully treated with those who failed to reestablish lactobacillar flora after the 7-days course of metronidazole. Presence of bacterial vaginosis was defined according to Nugent criteria on Gram-stained vaginal smears. Proteomic profile of cervicovaginal fluids were determined using shotgun LC MS/MS. Comparative analysis of the proteome of 38 women with bacterial vaginosis and 39 with normal vaginal flora identified and determined the relative abundance of 116 proteins. Among them, cathepsin G and Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO were exclusive of bacterial vaginosis while leukocyte elastase inhibitor, involucrin and neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK of normal flora. Moreover, 20 (17.2%) proteins were differentially expressed in bacterial vaginosis, of which 9 are involved in immune response. However, the cervicovaginal proteome of 24 women with bacterial vaginosis who were successfully treated and 11 who persisted with this condition did not differ between each other. Therefore, we showed that bacterial vaginosis significantly changes the local proteome, but cervicovaginal host's proteins do not influence the response to metronidazole treatment / FAPESP: 2012/16800-3

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000853603.pdf: 1825422 bytes, checksum: ed28838b75b4422a978f4f8c476efdfe (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A Síndrome de Disgenesia Testicular (SDT) é caracterizada por baixa qualidade espermática, criptorquidia, hipospadia e tumores testiculares, sendo que essas condições podem aparecer isoladas ou variavelmente combinadas. Estudos recentes têm associado o aumento da incidência desta síndrome à exposição a agentes químicos exógenos e que sua origem esteja relacionada com distúrbios da esteroidogênese in utero. Modelos experimentais para o estudo da SDT devem utilizar substâncias tóxicas para células testiculares, como os ftalatos (DBP) e a acrilamida (ACR). Ainda, a criptorquidia, um componente da SDT, pode ser induzida experimentalmente e ser utilizada como ferramenta no estudo da patogênese desta síndrome. Exposição ao DBP, à ACR e a criptorquidia, quando estudados isoladamente, alteram o microambiente das células testiculares. Entretanto, os efeitos da combinação desta anomalia congênita com a exposição a tóxicos testiculares ainda não foram explorados. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações morfológicas e de imunoexpressão do fator de transcrição de ligação ao octâmero ¾ (OCT¾) e do receptor de hormônio luteinizante (LHR) nos testículos de ratos submetidos a um modelo de dano testicular que associa exposição química (DBP ou AA) e tratamentos cirúrgicos (criptorquidia/orquidopexia). Exposição in utero e pós-natal ao DBP e à AA associada à criptorquidia resultou em prejuízo da espermatogênese e aumentou a expressão de OCT¾ em células germinativas. A imunoexpressão de LHR foi qualitativamente reduzida no grupo expostos ao DBP e submetidos à criptorquidia. Exposição ao DBP ou à AA não alterou a distância anogenital. Todos os grupos experimentais apresentaram diminuição no peso relativo do epidídimo. O peso relativo da próstata ventral foi diminuído em animais criptorquídicos e o peso relativo do fígado diminuiu em animais expostos ao DBP e submetidos à... / The testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) encompasses conditions such reduced semen quality, hypospadia, cryptorchidism and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), which may occur isolated or in association. The influence of environmental factors on TDS occurrence has become increasingly evident, special attention being paid to exogenous chemicals such phthalates and acrylamide (AA), well known testicular toxicants. Experimentally induced cryptorchidism can be an useful experimental tool to understand TDS pathogenesis. It has been reported that the testicular microenvironment is critically modified when rodents are experimentally exposed to dibutyl-phthalate (DBP), to AA or to cryptorchidism. However, the combined influence of cryptorchidism and testicular toxicants has not been explored. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological changes and the immunoexpression of the transcription factor binding octamer ¾ (OCT¾) and the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the testes of rats submitted to a model of testicular damage that associated chemicals (DBP or AA) and surgical (cryptorchidism/orchidopexy) treatments. In utero and postnatal DBP or AA exposures associated with surgically-established cryptorchidism induced disruption of spermatogenesis and increased the expression of OCT¾ in germ cells. Immunoreactivity of LHR was qualitatively decreased in the cryptorchid group also exposed to DBP. Exposures to DBP or AA did not alter the anogenital distance. All experimental groups showed decreased in the epididymis weights. Relative ventral prostate weights was decreased in cryptorchid animals and relative liver weights was decreased in DBP-exposed animals. The orchidopexy performed 3 weeks after cryptorchidism was effective to reestablish fairly the testes structure and reproductive organs weights. Our results indicate that the model used, which associated chemical exposures to surgical interventions, may be useful to understand TDS ... / FAPESP: 2012/098734

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_as_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 11010569 bytes, checksum: f799834df6f5beed1bbe0ee377c40fe0 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Foram analisados 132 casos de tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) de ocorrência natural, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Botucatu, considerando aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Os pacientes eram, em sua maioria, sem raça definida e com idade variando entre um e 18 anos, com maior freqüência na idade de quatro anos. A localização mais freqüente foi a genital, seguida pela nasal; 25% dos pacientes apresentavam metástases. Estas ocorreram mais freqüentemente na pele (31% das metástases), seguida pela localização mamária, em fêmeas, e em linfonodos, nos machos. Foram colhidas amostras de 188 tumores para avaliação citológica por microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, imunofenotipagem e estimação de danos no DNA pelo teste do cometa. As massas foram avaliadas de acordo com a localização, em genitais ou extragenitais, com o comportamento biológico, em primárias e não primárias (metastáticas ou recorrentes) e, ainda, de acordo com o tamanho e tempo de evolução clínica. A avaliação citológica incluiu a classificação de acordo com o padrão morfológico predominante, em linfocitóide (18,4%), plasmocitóide (52,5%) ou misto (29,1%). As amostras extragenitais e não primárias foram predominantemente do padrão plasmocitóide. Foram observadas as características de malignidade gerais, citoplasmáticas, nucleares e nucleolares apresentadas. Anisocitose, anisocariose e macrocariose foram observadas em todos os padrões citomorfológicos, assim como a presença de vacúolos citoplasmáticos, basofilia e eosinofilia citoplasmáticas e corpúsculos linfoglandulares. As características citoplasmáticas de malignidade observadas com maior freqüência foram projeções citoplasmáticas e espessamento... / A hundred and thirty-two dogs with naturally transplanted transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) from ambulatory service of the Veterinary Hospital UNESP, Botucatu, were analyzed for epidemiological and clinical aspects. The animals were predominantly mongrel dogs, with age range between one and eighteen years, and mean of four years. The most usual location was genital, followed by nasal; 25% presents metastasis, the cutaneous location being the most frequent, followed by lymph nodes, in males, and mammary, in females. A sample of 188 tumors were collected for cytologic evaluation in optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, immunophenotyping and measure of DNA damage by the Comet test. The masses were classified by location as genital or extragenital, by biological behavior as primary or non-primary (metastastatic or recurrent), and by size and time of clinical evolution. The cytologic evaluation included cytomorphological classification in lymphocyte-like (18.4%), plasma-cell-like (52.5%) and mixed pattern (29.1%). Extragenital and non-primary tumors were essentially plasma cell-like. Malignancy features were noted as general, cytoplasmatic, nuclear and nucleolar. Anisocytosis, anisocariosis and macrocariosis were present in all cytomorphological patterns, as well as cytoplasmatic vacuoles, basophilic and eosinophilic tintorial properties, and lymphoglandular bodies. Cytoplasmatic malignancy criteria most frequently observed were cytoplasmatic projections and cellular membrane thickness. Cells resembling a racket were related to lymphocyte-like pattern. Nuclear buds, perinuclear halos, hyperchromatic nuclei, pseudoinclusions, nuclear membrane thickness and mitosis (normal and abnormal), binucleation, and nuclear lobulations (pleomorphic nuclei) were the most frequents nuclear malignancy criteria. The lymphocyte-like pattern was less related... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)