There is a growing trend that businesses are expected to address economic, social, as well as environmental issues and operate in a manner that contributes both to the organisation as well as the society (Elkington, 1998), which commonly is referred to as Corporate Social Responsibility. Porter and Kramer (2006) highlight that the business’s primary concern is to run a profitable business, and therefore developed the framework Creating Shared Value.  This study examines how Swedish companies that changed from working with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to working with Creating Shared Value, experience differences in their sustainability work and what advantages and challenges the change emerged in.  The methods used are semi-structured interviews together with content analyses of four Swedish companies’ sustainability reports.  This thesis argues that companies’ sustainability work changed between 2010-2018 from focusing on philanthropy to a focus on sustainability through profitability. Also, the change to CSV for these companies resulted in an increased focus on the environmental aspects, and a decreased focus on the major social aspects. The companies spent more resources on innovation related to environmental issues, which generated profit, and on beneficial collaborations. An advantage of adopting CSV is that a focus on profitability may drive change regarding environmental issues, which in turn leads to long-term economic sustainability. However, shared value can be problematic in some ways, especially when it comes to gaining profit from social value, and thus social global issues might be overlooked for activities within their own business environment.

Launched as post-2015 development framework for the world, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), popularly known as Global Goals, are based on the premise of ‘leaving no one behind.’ The campaign aims to translate the high awareness levels of people to an increased pressure on governments for delivering on SDGs. Drawing on the theoretical framework of development communication; this study ascertains if the campaign is reaching the stated audience. By analyzing creative choices in designing messages and the media channels used to reach ‘everyone’, the research examines the media narrative of Global Goals. This thesis contributes to development studies and international communication, and highlights the biased logics of development planning. The supplemental files include ‘We the People’ film, an African crowd sourced song to ‘tell everybody’, the fundraiser video featuring Chiwetel Ejiofor, the remake of Spice Girl’s ‘Wannabe’ song and a video that shows the statistics of gender equality.

The purpose of the study was to investigate if, and how, the municipalities in country Skåne integrated work with sustainable development with focus on the Swedish environmental objective “Limited climate impact”. The study also aims to investigate which tools the municipality uses to achieve sustainable development at the local level. Furthermore, the purpose was to investigate which obstacles that municipalities may have, in relation to “Limited climate impact” and suggest different solutions to these obstacles. The method used were a questionnaire, which was sent to employees who work with sustainable development and are responsible for achieving the environmental objectives in each municipality. The result of the study indicates that the majority of municipalities in Skåne county work to some extent with the environmental objective "Limited climate impact", some work even at a greater extent. The municipalities use methods like objective setting and vision work which are implemented in overview plans and other strategic documents. Other tools are also used, for example exchange of fossil fueled vehicle to non-vehicle or fossil-free vehicle. Obstacles which some of the municipalities challenges is financial difficulties and lack of interest from local politicians. One solution to the challenge is participation in different networks and working with projects ranging over different sectors in the municipality.

Today, supply chain is often complex with low transparency and traceability. This is causing environmental and social harm in lower tier levels of supply chains, which the focal firm will be held accountable for. In the light of this, focal firms are aspiring to become more sustainable, which includes sustainable practices in both primary and supportive activities. In order for organizations to achieve this, there is a need for higher transparency and traceability. An issue that can be solved by the implementation of blockchain technology. A blockchain allows transaction to be made without a third party which results in secured and verified information and thus increased transparency and traceability. Moreover, sustainability has moved to become imperative in organizations strategic decisions in recent years where Trippel Bottom Line is a common approach but current literature states that his approach often lack all dimensions in sustainability research. Making it clear that a broader view on sustainability is needed, which the UNs Global Goals has as it takes up different aspects including a more extensive view of the socioeconomic and environmental view of sustainability. The current literature is missing a more practical view of how the implementation of blockchain technology can help focal firms achieve the Global Goals. Thus, our study aims to answer the following research question: How can the application of blockchain technology in supply chain management help focal firms to achieve UNs Global Goals 12 and 13, by enabling transparency and traceability in supply chain networks?The purpose of this is study to understand how blockchain technology enables transparency and traceability in focal firms supply chains and how this can be applied when companies want to reach UNs Global Goals connected to responsible productionand consumption, and taking action against climate change, i.e., Global Goals 12 and 13.To answer our research question and fulfill the purpose, a qualitative study including eightsemi-structured interviews were conducted covering different themes related to the research question. Our findings shows that blockchain has several features that leads to transparency and traceability, namely, decentralized information sharing, secure information, verified information and enables better structures for communication within the supply chain. Thus, enables focal firms to act against climate change and promote sustainable consumption and production in theory supply chain. However, the findings show that to achieve the optimal outcome, this is dependent on the supply chain and its actors meeting certain criteria. These criterions include, the characteristics of the industry, the complexity of the supply chain, the costumers demand, the degree of adoption of the technology in the supply chain, the relationship between actors and supporting activities.This thesis theoretically contributes with further understating and a new logic of the connection between blockchain technology and sustainable supply chain management by showing that the transparency and traceability enabled by blockchain can help focal firms achieve sustainable practices by enabling decentralized, secure, and verified information. This facilitates a better structure for tracing carbon footprint and unethical production and working practices are made transparent. Further, the practical implication of this study is that the focal firms will get a better understanding and knowledge of the supply chain network and their production and consumption and making it easier to act against climate change. Lastly, the social implication of this study is that it facilitates a broader view on sustainability which includes the social dimension to a larger extent.

The Shift är en rörelse med en nära koppling till FN, vars syfte är att hjälpa världens länder att uppnå sina åtaganden om den mänskliga rättigheten till bostad. Rörelsen baserar till stor del sitt arbete på rapporten ”Riktlinjer för Implementeringen av den Mänskliga Rättigheten till Adekvat Bostad” , som kan beskrivas som en sammanhängande lista på problembeskrivningar och åtgärder för att möjliggöra att rätten till bostad blir till verklighet. Denna rapport är formellt utgiven av FN, men har anammats av the Shift och används som ett slags övergripande policydokument. I detta dokument kommer den i fortsättningen att kallas för ”the Shifts riktlinjer”. En av riktlinjerna, nr 6, handlar om vräkningar och är en uppmaning att; ”förbjuda påtvingade vräkningar och förebygga vräkningar när det är möjligt” Denna studie har undersökt hur riktlinje nr 6, förhindrandet av vräkningar, förhåller sig till den generella situationen i Sverige och lite mer specifikt i Stockholm. Studiens syfte är att utröna hur väl aktörer, processer och lagstiftning/regelsystem i Sverige uppfyller the Shifts riktlinje nr 6 (med vissa avgränsningar), och vad som kan göras bättre uppfylla den. Studien baseras på intervjuer med representanter ifrån Sveriges allmännytta, kronofogden och stadsdelars vräkningsförebyggande avdelningar och information tillgänglig på internet bestående av statistik från olika myndigheter, dokumentation från the Shift, nyhetsartiklar och annan dokumentation. Studien kommer fram till att Sveriges redan existerande vräkningsförebyggande arbete innefattar motsvarigheter till så gott som alla de åtgärder som the Shift förespråkar. The Shifts åtgärder skulle kunna beskrivas som en delmängd av vad Sveriges kommuner och myndigheter på olika nivåer utför redan idag. I de svenska nationella programmen för att förebygga vräkningar finns det motsvarigheter till vad the Shift förespråkar, inom de avgränsningar som satts för denna studie. Det finns praktiska svårigheter med att helt undvika vräkningar; de allt vanligare andrahandsuthyrningarna som inte erbjuder den säkerhet för den boende som en adekvat bostad förväntas ha, de utmanande fallen då den hjälp som erbjuds nekas utav individen som den är riktad till, och förstås de fall då de vräkningsförebyggande åtgärderna bara misslyckas, för att nämna tre. De nationella programmen har generellt sett varit framgångsrika i Sverige, men det finns brister som företag utnyttjat på hyresgästers bekostnad. Det sker även en utveckling med krav marknadsorienterade reformer vilket har kritiserats av the Shifts grundare Leilani Farha. / The Shift is a movement with close connections to the UN, with the purpose to help the countries of the world achieve their commitments regarding the Human Right to Housing. The movement bases a large part of their work on the report “Guidelines for the Implementation of the Human Right to Housing”, which may be described as a coherent list of problem descriptions and measures to make possible the realization of the right to housing. This report is formally edited by the UN, but has been embraced by the Shift and is used as a document of their overall policy. The document will from now on be referred to as “the Shift’s guidelines”. One of the guidelines, no 6, focuses on evictions and is a call to: “Prohibit forced evictions and prevent evictions whenever possible” This study examines how guideline no 6, the prevention of evictions, compares to the general situation in Sweden and more specifically in Stockholm. The purpose is to study how well actors, processes and law/rule in Sweden fulfills to the Shift Guideline no. 6 (within some boundaries), and what can be done to better fulfill them. The study is based upon interviews with representatives of “Sveriges Allmännytta” (public housing), “Kronofogden” (bailiffs) and officials working on eviction prevention in different districts in Stockholm and information gathered from the internet such as statistics from government agencies, documentation from the Shift’s home page, news articles and other information. The study reaches the conclusion that Sweden’s already existing preventative work regarding evictions matches virtually every one of the measures that the Shift advocates. The Shift’s measures could be described as a subset of what Sweden’s municipalities and governing branches perform. Regarding the Swedish national programmes to prevent evictions there are also counterparts to the Shift’s suggestions, within the limitations of this study. There are practical hardships in entirely avoiding evictions; the ever increasing second-hand rentals which do not offer the security of housing that is expected out of adequate housing, the challenging cases when the help that is offered is turned down by the individual it is directed to, and of course the cases where the preventative measures simply fail. The national programmes in general have been successful in Sweden, but there exist flaws that corporations have taken advantage of on the tenants’ expense. There is also a development with demands for a more market-oriented reforms that have been criticized by the founder of the Shift, Leilani Farha.

Background: The market of sustainable investments is immature. As a result, there are problems with standardisation and information asymmetry. The United Nations has developed 17 global goals that must be achieved before year 2030. Therefore, it is of interest to examine if the global goals are used in asset management today and whether the global goals could contribute to reduce the recently mentioned problems. Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine how the 17 global goals created by the United Nations can be integrated with sustainable asset management as well as how they are used today. The study will also explore the problematics regarding standardisation of sustainability in the Swedish financial market and the information asymmetries that appears as a result of this. Completion: To fulfil the aim of the study, a qualitative method has been used. A document study of the 17 global goals of the United Nations has been conducted to constitute the base of the interview guide that was used during the six interviews held with sustainability experts. The interviews were held with representatives from three government-owned corporations and three from privately-owned corporations to acquire a broader perspective within the subject. Conclusion: The 17 global goals of the United Nations are vaguely integrated in the financial market. To increase the integration, industry standards, industry definitions as well as awareness-raising activities based on the global goals should be developed. Furthermore, the study has identified the lack of reporting of sustainability data from companies, which constrains the integration of the global goals in the financial market. There is also a prevalent information asymmetry where the 17 global goals could contribute with knowledge to ease the problematics. / Bakgrund: Marknaden för hållbara investeringar är relativt omogen. Till följd av detta finns det problematik med standardisering och informationsasymmetrier på den hållbara kapitalmarknaden. FN har tagit fram 17 globala mål som ska vara uppnådda år 2030. Därav är det av intresse att undersöka om FN:s 17 globala mål används i kapitalförvaltningen i dagsläget samt huruvida målen skulle kunna bidra till att minska den ovannämnda problematiken. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur FN:s 17 globala mål kan integreras med hållbar kapitalförvaltning samt huruvida målen används idag. Studien kommer även undersöka problematiken gällande standardisering av hållbarhet och de informationsasymmetrier som uppstår till följd av detta på den svenska hållbara kapitalmarknaden. Genomförande: För att besvara studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod använts, där sex intervjuer med hållbarhetsexperter har genomförts. En dokumentstudie av FN:s 17 globala mål utfördes tidigt för att ligga som grund för den intervjuguide som utvecklades inför intervjuerna. Intervjuerna hölls med representanter från tre statliga bolag och tre privata bolag för att erhålla ett bredare perspektiv inom ämnet. Slutsats: Studien har kommit fram till att FN:s 17 globala mål är svagt integrerade på den hållbara finansmarknaden. För att öka integrationen bör det utvecklas branschstandarder, branschdefinitioner och kunskapshöjande aktiviteter utifrån FN:s 17 globala mål. Slutligen har studien identifierat att bristen på rapportering av hållbarhetsdata från företag begränsar denna integration samt att det råder en informationsasymmetri där FN:s 17 globala mål kan bidra med kunskap för att minska problematiken.

Arbetsterapeuters uppfattning om Agenda 2030 i det praktiska yrkeslivet är outforskat inom arbetsterapi. Världen står inför en hållbarhetskris och de pågående klimatförändringarna är relaterade till människans aktiviteter i vardagen, såsom resande och konsumtion (Dieterle, 2020). För att nå en förändring har Förenta nationerna skapat Agenda 2030 med 17 globala mål. Det behöver ske en förändring av människans aktiviteter, för att målen ska uppfyllas. Arbetsterapeuter är experter inom aktivitetsförändringar och skulle kunna använda sina kunskaper för att vägleda samhället till en förändring. Det råder dock en osäkerhet i hur arbetsterapeuter utövar sitt arbete utifrån Agenda 2030 och hållbarhet. Studiens syfte ska beskriva yrkesverksamma arbetsterapeuters uppfattning om hållbar utveckling i sitt arbete relaterat till Agenda 2030. För att undersöka upplevelsen användes en kvalitativ studiedesign med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Ett strategiskt urval och snöbollsurval användes. Bearbetning av data genomfördes med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att kunskapen om Agenda 2030 i många fall är begränsad och den tillämpas i vissa fall, men inte alltid medvetet.  Informanterna upplevde att Agenda 2030 var viktigt, de var villiga att arbeta för en hållbar förändring, men det behövs mer stöttning från arbetsgivare. Politiker behöver få bättre förståelse för arbetsterapeutens insatser för att kunna fatta beslut som ger förutsättningarna till att kunna genomföra ett hållbart arbete. Slutsatsen visade att Agenda 2030 behöver synliggöras för ökad kunskap och förståelse, om en förändring ska kunna ske. / Occupational therapists' perception of Agenda 2030 in practical professional life is unexplored in occupational therapy. The world is facing a sustainability crisis and the ongoing climate change is related to human activities in everyday life, such as traveling and consumtion. To achieve change, the United Nations has created Agenda 2030 with 17 global goals. There needs to be a change in human activities in order for the goals to be met. Occupational therapists are experts in activity change and could use their knowledge to guide society to change. However, there is uncertainty in how occupational therapists carry out their work based on Agenda 2030 and sustainability. The purpose of the study described occupational therapists' perceptions of sustainable development in their work related to Agenda 2030. To investigate the experience, a qualitative study design with semi-structured interviews was used. A strategic selection and snowball selection was used. Processing of data was performed with a qualitative content analysis. Results showed that the knowledge of Agenda 2030 is limited. Occupational therapist worked towards the Agenda 2030 in some cases, but not always consciously. The informants felt that Agenda 2030 was important, they were willing to work for sustainable change, but more support is needed from employers. Politicians need to gain a better understanding of the occupational therapist's efforts in order to be able to make decisions that provide the conditions for being able to carry out sustainable work. The conclusion showed that Agenda 2030 needs to be made visible for increased knowledge and understanding, if a change is to take place.

Hållbar utveckling innebär att tillfredsställa dagens behov utan att äventyra kommande generationers möjlighet att tillfredsställa sina behov och omfattas av tre dimensioner som var för sig och tillsammans utgör viktiga komponenter för hälsa. De globala målen för hållbar utveckling anges i Agenda 2030 där distriktssköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete kan utgöra en viktig del i hållbar utveckling. För att nå måluppfyllelse krävs vetskap om hållbar utveckling och de globala målen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka distriktssköterskans vetskap om hållbar utveckling relaterat till det dagliga arbetet. För studiens genomförande har en kvalitativ intervjustudie genomförts med åtta distriktssköterskor från både hemsjukvård och vårdcentral. Datamaterialet har analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys som resulterade i följande fem generiska kategorier: Ekonomiskt fokus, Fokus på miljön, Hälsofrämjande vård, Hållbart utvecklingsarbete och Hälsosam arbetsmiljö. Huvudkategorin beskrivs som: En medveten omedvetenhet och en omedveten medvetenhet om hållbar utveckling i distriktssköterskans arbete. Resultatet visar på distriktssköterskornas vetskap om hållbar utveckling kopplat till det dagliga arbetet. Mycket av det som utförs i distriktssköterskans dagliga arbete är hållbart och distriktssköterskorna vittnar om ett hållbart tankesätt men att de inte kopplar detta till hållbar utveckling. Av resultatet framkommer behovet av utbildning inom ämnet. Det behövs även kunskap om de globala målen, då det i resultatet inte framkommit tydligt i distriktssköterskans vetskap. / Sustainable development means satisfying today's needs without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their needs and is comprised of three dimensions which, individually and together, are important components of health. The global sustainable development goals are set in Agenda 2030 where health promotion in district nursing can play an important role for sustainabile developement. Goal achievement requires knowledge of sustainable development and the global goals for sustainability. The purpose of this study was to examine the district nurse's knowledge of sustainable development related to the daily work. To do so, a qualitative interview study was conducted with eight district nurses from both home health care and primary care centers. The data has been analyzed through qualitative content analysis which resulted in the following five generic categories: Economic focus, Focus on the environment, Health promotion, Sustainable development work and Healthy work environment. The main category is descibed as: A concious unawareness and an unconscious awareness of sustainable development in the daily work of district nursing. The results show the district nurses' knowledge of sustainable development linked to daily work. Much of what is done in the district nurse's daily work is in fact sustainable and the district nurses testify to a sustainable way of thinking but that they do not link this to sustainable development as a concept. The results shows the need for education on the subject. Knowledge of the sustainable developement goals is also needed, as the result has not been clearly stated in the district nurse's knowledge.

Rapportens syfte är att utveckla en modell bestående av ersättningsalternativ till plast samt verktyg som verksamheter kan tillämpa för att bidra till en global reducering av plast. Således formulerades rapportens tre forskningsfrågor enligt: “Vilket av de utvärderade ersättningsalternativen är enligt modellens ramverk mest lämpad för att konkurrera medtraditionell plasttillverkning?”, “Hur kan modellens utformning hjälpa användaren att ställa om sin verksamhet sett till att ersätta engångsprodukter i plast?” samt “Hur kan ersättandet av engångsprodukter i plast bidra till uppfyllandet av de globala målen?”. För att besvara rapportens forskningsfrågor genomfördes en fallstudie i form av ett samarbete med företaget PulPac AB. Företaget har uppfunnit en tillverkningsteknik vid namn PulPactorrfomning, vilken tillsammans med våtformning och termoformning av bioplaster, utgörrapportens jämförelse över konkurrenskraftiga ersättningsalternativ till den traditionella plasttillverkningen. Litteraturstudien innefattade dels en teoretisk bakgrund om plasten och dess påföljder, en ingående beskrivning av de olika ersättningsalternativen samt definiering avhållbarhetsbegrepp och politiska styrmedel. Dels en bearbetning av data från ett urval avfallstudier med utgångspunkt i att sammanställa faktorer och kriterier till modellens utformning. Resultatet består huvudsakligen av rapportens modell ”Modellen för ersättning av engångsplast”, som innefattar de fyra stegen: jämförelse mellan ersättningsalternativ, värdering& val av alternativ, integrering av kärnfaktorer i verksamheten samt utvärderingsfrågor. Utifrån jämförelsen av modellens formulerade kriterier uppfyllde tekniken PulPac torrformning flest utav faktorerna och anses därmed vara mest lämpad att konkurrera med traditionell plasttillverkning. Vidare presenteras modellens utformning som ett bistående hjälpmedel för att underlätta omställning till ett ersättningsalternativ genom att praktiskt tillämpa tillhandahållna implementeringsverktyg. Ersättandet av engångsprodukter i plast bidrar till uppfyllandet av FN:s globala mål genom att successivt fasa ut plastprodukter och därmed bidra till en global reducering av plast. På så sätt kan konsekvenserna av ett ersättningsalternativ ha en positivpåverkan på samhällsutvecklingen då det resulterar i minskade hälsorisker och nedskräpningav plaster. Sett till vidareutveckling av modellen föreslås främst att införa kriterier för vilka produkttyper som är lämpade att börja ersätta, vilket lyfts fram som rapportens förslag till vidare forskning. Företaget rekommenderas att använda modellen för informationsspridning inom kundnätverk och i egensyfte vid jämförelse mot andra alternativ inom branschen. / The purpose of the report is to develop a model based on replacement alternatives to plastics as well as providing tools which can be applied to contribute to a global reduction of plastics. Thus, the three following research questions were formulated: ”Which of the evaluated replacement alternatives are the most suited to compete with traditional plastic manufacturing according to the framework of the model?”, “How can the design of the model assist the user in rearranging their organisation in order to replace single-use plastics?” and “How can the replacement of single-use plastics contribute to fulfilment of the global goals”?. In order to answer the research questions of the report, a case study was conducted, in terms of a collaboration with the company PulPac AB. The company has invented a manufacturing method called the dry moulded fibre process, which together with the traditional paper making process and thermoforming of bioplastics, accounts for the report’s comparison of potential alternatives to replace traditional manufacturing of plastics. On one hand, the literature study of the report consists of a theoretical background of plastics and its effects, an in-depth description of the replacement alternatives as well as definitions of sustainability terminology and tools for policy makers. On the other hand, it includes processing of a range of external case studies, in order to compile parameters to the design of the model. The key parts of the results include “The Model of Replacement of Single-use Plastics”, which consists of the four-steps: comparison of replacement alternatives, evaluation & selection of alternative, integration of core factors in the organizational structure and evaluation questions. Based on the comparison of the defined criteria, the dry moulded fibre process was the replacement alternative fulfilling most factors and thereby also the one most suited to compete with traditional manufacturing of plastics. Moreover, the design of the model can be applied as an assisting tool in order to facilitate implementation of the selected replacement alternative. The replacement of single-use plastics can contribute to fulfilling the global goals by phasing out plastic products and thereby further contribute to a global reduction of plastics. Thus, a replacement alternative can have a positive effect on social development since it results in decreased health risks as well as reduced plastic pollution. The suggestion to further research within the area, involves investigating the possibilities of developing and expanding the model with additional criteria regarding which range of products that are the most suitable to start replacing. Furthermore, the case company is recommended to use the model as a tool to increase the information flow within their network, by benchmarking their method against other techniques within the industry.

This research was a minor field study that took place during eight weeks in Kathmandu, Nepal, with a research focus on the country’s dyeing industry. Methods like qualitative interviews, observation, and analyses through the connections to the UN’s sustainable development goals was used to meet the research aim and objectives. The objectives of the research were to clarify what areas that are slowing down and what areas are creating opportunities for sustainable development within the industry. To identify these areas could be one part of knowing how and where change has to be made to achieve a more sustainable dyeing industry in Nepal. There are mainly three different ways to work with dyeing in Nepal; AZO dyeing, AZO free dyeing, and natural dyeing. Each technique comes with different issues and benefits connected to them, some on a more socio-economic level and some health-related. The established industry is more or less a lawless industry, with an absence of knowledge about the connected environmental and health effects. Due to a rough history of poverty and natural disasters, the industry is until today neglected and the issues connected has not been prioritised.  Today the industry is driven by the market and at the same time anchored by governmental corruption and outdated methods, which makes it hard for the industry to build its value and to develop sustainably. This sector is connected to the UN’s sustainable development goals 4,6,9 &amp; 12 and their targets. However, today the industry awareness about the goals are low, and the lack of defined action in the government's plan for implementing the sustainable development goals states that they will not be a driving force towards a more sustainable dyeing industry. Awareness and customer demand is what is expected to move the industry towards a more sustainable future, according to the interviews. Nepal's dying industry does not have the bad reputation that other countries nearby have, which opens up for opportunities. But for the industry to be able to handle this opportunity, more accurate and a more in-depth research has to be made, to more clearly appreciate what the industry looks like today, since it is missing data. It would also mean that the government has to acknowledge the situation and clean up its act to make it easier for businesses to grow in a sustainable way. / <p>2018-06-08</p>