El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca de la producción de tres obras pop de mediados de los años 60 creadas por las artistas peruanas Gloria Gómez Sánchez y Teresa Burga. Las piezas que analizaremos en este texto fueron elaboradas durante su participación como miembros del grupo Arte Nuevo, vanguardia artística que fue posible gracias al proceso de industrialización y a la emergente cultura de masas que se estaba desplegando en el Perú de los 60. La propuesta de estas artistas fue de renovación, pues con sus innovaciones técnicas el campo artístico se amplió y abrió el camino a nuevas posibilidades en el mundo del arte. La implementación de nuevos recursos, como materiales industriales y elementos reciclados catalizaron el propósito de sacar a la luz la condición de la mujer peruana en el espacio urbano. Muñecones, Corbata y Objetos fueron las primeras obras que abordaron contenido de género, ya que hicieron énfasis en las representaciones de la corporalidad femenina. En este texto, plantearemos una ruta de análisis que considere todas las determinaciones de estas obras de arte, desde su contenido material hasta su sentido representacional. Para ello, nos serviremos de los criterios de la Teoría Social del Arte, en específico, de aquello que proponen Néstor García Canclini y Mirko Lauer para señalar las determinaciones que permitieron que estas tres obras existan socialmente. / The objective of this work is to reflect on the production of three pop works from the mid-60s created by Peruvian artists Gloria Gómez Sánchez and Teresa Burga. The pieces that we analyze in this text were made during their participation as members of the Arte Nuevo group, an artistic avant-garde that was possible thanks to the industrialization process and the emerging mass culture that was unfolding in Peru in the 1960s. The proposal of these artists was one of renewal, because with their technical innovations the artistic field expanded and opened the way to new possibilities in the world of art. The implementation of new resources, such as industrial materials and recycled elements, catalyzed the purpose of bringing to light the condition of Peruvian women in urban space. Muñecones, Corbata y Objetos were the first works that addressed gender content, since they emphasized the representations of female corporality. In this text, we will propose an analysis route that considers all the determinations of these works of art, from their material content to their representational meaning. To do this, we will use the criteria of the Social Theory of Art, specifically, what Néstor García Canclini and Mirko Lauer propose to point out the determinations that allowed these three works to exist socially.

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La elección de los autores y obras aquí estudiados se debe a que son parte de una experiencia, epistemología y concepto de arte "orillas", de los "márgenes", entendido como una perenne oscilación, travesía y recorrido entre los dos lados de las orillas/márgenes. Los autores elegidos son habitantes de varios mundos, al menos de dos, y este "entremedios", esta producción en las intersecciones, es lo que marca su escritura, discurso y performances, en definitiva, su forma de producción.

En el mundo globalizado actual constatamos que "hibridez" es la conditio de nuestro ser, pensar y actuar que se concretiza en diversos campos del conocimiento y en diversas disciplinas con diversas aplicaciones, siendo asimismo el resultado de diversas "estrategias de hibridación" discursiva, artística, política, sociológica, filosófica, medial..., que hacen posible una negociación o el cotidiano lidiar de la diferancia y altaridad.:Pasajes heterotópicos – Transculturalidad – Figuras de la hibridez. - Resumen

La elección de los autores y obras aquí estudiados se debe a que son parte de una experiencia, epistemología y concepto de arte "orillas", de los "márgenes", entendido como una perenne oscilación, travesía y recorrido entre los dos lados de las orillas/márgenes. Los autores elegidos son habitantes de varios mundos, al menos de dos, y este "entremedios", esta producción en las intersecciones, es lo que marca su escritura, discurso y performances, en definitiva, su forma de producción.:El naranjo como figura de los pasajes transculturales. - Cartografías de la Otredad: "Cross-Cultural-Border-Land" : Guillermo Gómez Peña, Gloria Anzaldúa y Alberto Kurapel. - Resumen

Color (sub)Conscious explores the African American female's experience with colorism. Divided into three distinct sections. The first section is a literary analysis of such works as Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, Gloria Naylor's The Women of Brewster Place, Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and Alice Walker's "If the Present Looks Like the Past, What Does the Future Look Like?" an essay from her collection In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens. The second section is a research project based on data gathered from 12 African American females willing to share their own experiences and insights on colorism. The final section is a creative non-fiction piece of the author's own personal pain growing up and living with the lasting effects of colorism.

A organização da sociedade atual acontece em decorrência dos encontros entre culturas, sejam por meio de tragédias naturais, guerras mundiais, diásporas, reconfiguração de fronteiras ou da hibridização cultural. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a construção da multiplicidade do Ser de fronteira a partir da perspectiva da escritora chicana Gloria Anzaldúa e do amazonense Milton Hatoum nas narrativas Borderlands/La frontera: The New Mestiza (1987), e Dois Irmãos (2000), respectivamente. Partindo das questões identitárias, o caminho para a análise das narrativas transita pelo espaço ficcional na intenção de evidenciar os deslocamentos e os fluxos migratórios das personagens como articuladores para compreender as feridas abertas nos espaços de fronteira. No decorrer da investigação foi possível ressignificar a fronteira como locus da diferença cultural e fragmentação para contrapor a ideia de que os lugares fronteiriços são fixos ou funcionam com divisores de sistemas culturais. Para desenvolver o trabalho, utilizo os métodos comparatistas e de aporte teórico da corrente culturalista. Uso os conceitos-chave de Walter Mignolo sobre a colonialidade do saber e de Stuart Hall e Homi Bhabha sobre as identidades heterogêneas. Na corrente filosófica, Jacques Derrida, com a teoria desconstrucionista, e Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, com o rizoma e a teoria dos agenciamentos. Esse aporte é o fio condutor do debate sobre a modernidade tardia e da diferença cultural, tendo em vista espaços elaboradores de sujeitos marginalizados, periféricos, excluídos e silenciados. Sendo assim, a negação da postura essencialista, a partir da leitura das obras, serve de estratégia analítica e de compreensão da ferida aberta como espaço da multiplicidade dos sujeitos em regiões de fronteira. / Nowadays society’s structure is built upon/on encounters between cultures, natural tragedies, world wars, diasporas, reconfiguration of borders and cultural hybridization. Thus, the aim of this research is to investigate the construction of the multiplicity of the Frontier Self as it is through the approach of the Chicano writer Gloria Anzaldúa and in the approach of the Amazonian writer Milton Hatoum in Borderlands/La frontera: The New Mestiza (1987) and Dois Irmãos (2000), respectively. Considering the identity issues, the analysis of the narratives transits/moves/focuses on through the fictional space to highlight the displacements and the migratory flows of the characters as articulators in order to understand the open wounds in border spaces. Therefore, during the research, it was possible to re-signify the frontier as a locus of cultural difference and fragmentation to counteract the idea that frontier places are fixed or function as divisors of cultural systems. To develop this work, I apply comparative and theoretical methods within the culturalist approach as well as the key concepts of Walter Mignolo on the coloniality of knowledge, and Stuart Hall and Homi Bhabha on heterogeneous identities. The denial of the essentialist position, based on the reading of the works, serves as an analytical strategy and understanding of the open wound as the space of the multiplicity in border regions.

This study employs African American literary criticism and critical discourse analysis to evaluate Julia Peterkin's Scarlet Sister Mary (1928) and Gloria Naylor's Mama Day (1988). These women write stories of African American life on the Sea Islands through different prisms that evoke cultural memory within and outside the texts. Peterkin, a white Southerner, writes as an "onlooker" and “pioneer” of fictional Gullah culture; Naylor, a black Northerner by birth, writes as an "outsider" to Gullah culture, although a veteran of African American Southern heritage. The authors' hybridity produce different literary voices. A close examination of their discourse conveys a coded language pertinent to understanding the historical, social, and political conditions portrayed through their texts. This study will examine their discourse to prove that Julia Peterkin’s, Scarlet Sister Mary, takes ownership over the Gullah experience rendering stereotypical characterizations promoting hegemony; while Gloria Naylor's, Mama Day, resurrects Peterkin’s view rendering multi-dimensional characterizations that legitimize the authenticity of Gullah culture and aid in its preservation.

Analyzing novels by Sheri Reynolds, Lee Smith, Barbara Kingsolver, Alice Walker, Gloria Naylor, and Sue Monk Kidd, I argue that these authors challenge religious structures by dramatizing the struggle between love and resentment that brings many women to the point of crisis but also inspires imaginative and generative processes of appropriation and revision, emphasizing not destination but process. Employing first-person narration in coming-of-age stories, Smith, Reynolds, and Kingsolver highlight the various narratives that govern the experiences of children born into religious cultures, including narratives of sexual development, gender identity, and religious conversion, to portray the difficulty of articulating female experience within the limited lexicon of Christian fundamentalism. As they mature into adulthood, the girl characters in these novels break from tradition to develop new consciousness by altering and adapting religious language, understood as open and malleable rather than authoritative and fixed. Smith, Kidd, and Naylor incorporate the Virgin Mary and divine maternal figures from non-Christian traditions to restore the mother-daughter relationship that is eclipsed by the Father and Son in Christian tradition. Identifying the female body as a site of spiritual knowledge, these authors present a metaphorical return to the womb that empowers their characters to embrace divine maternal love that transgresses the masculine symbolic order, displacing (but not necessarily destroying) the authority of God the Father and His human representatives. Reynolds and Walker portray physical pain, central to the Christian image of crucifixion, as destroying the ability of women to speak, denying them subjectivity. Through transgressive sexual relationships infused with religious significance, these authors disrupt the Christian moral paradigm by presenting bodily pleasure as an alternative to the Christian valorization of sacrifice. The replacement of pain with pleasure inspires imaginative work that makes private spirituality shareable through artistic creation. The novels I study present themes that also concern Christian and non-Christian feminist theologians: the development of feminine images of the divine, emphasis on immanence over transcendence, the apprehension of the divine in nature, and the necessity of challenging the reification of religious images and dualisms that undermine female subjectivity. I show the reciprocal relationship between fiction and theology, as theologians treat women's literature as sacred texts and fiction writers give life to abstract religious concepts through narrative.