This thesis examines the relevance of animal symbolism for group cohesion within Vendel- and Viking Age warrior groups. Late Iron Age Scandinavia (c. 550-1050) saw increased political centralization where leading figures would legitimize and maintain their authority by forming and maintaining warrior groups. Animal symbolism is examined with regards to its role in stimulating processes of 'ingroup identification and identity fusion, which are likely to have been of vital importance in facilitating cohesion within ancient Scandinavian warrior groups. Literary, historical and archaeological sources are examined and compared in order to identify independently reoccuring phenomena, which collectively provide indications about the martial ideologies and practices of the Vendel- and Viking periods. Animals were used as identifying symbols for specific individuals, groups and organizations which could hade served to identify group members and hightlight the distinctiveness of ingroups in order to stimulate cooperation. Particular animals such as ravens were used by Scandinavian leaders in order to indicate martial competency and connections to the god Odin. Both of these functions would have increades the warrior bands' confidence in, and presumably loyalty towards their commanders. Animal symbolism was likely used by some warrior groups in the assumption of therianthropic identities. Conceptions of therianthropy could have stimulated identity fusion by cultivating specific personality traits, providing ideological motivations for violent actions, enhancing actual or perceived combat performance and by distinguishing therianthropic warriors from the rest of society. The relevant forms of animal symbolism would have coexisted to various degrees withing the same or similar ideological frameworks with Odin as a reoccuring and significant - but not necessarily essential - central figure.

Distansarbete har blivit allt vanligare och många väljer att nyttja ett coworkingspace som arbetsplatslösning i stället för att arbeta från hemmet. Coworking-spacesskiljer sig markant från traditionella arbetsplatser eftersom de delas av flera olikaorganisationer och individerna som nyttjar arbetsplatsen arbetar tillsammans medmänniskor som inte är organisatoriska kollegor. Syftet med studien var att undersökahur tillhörighet upplevs vid arbete på ett coworking-space. En induktiv tematisk analysav kvalitativa data visade att begreppet tillhörighet kan beskrivas som ett brett spektrumav ingående ämnen. Fyra huvudteman av begreppet tillhörighet utkristalliserade sig idatamaterialet; social tillhörighet, tillhörighet till omgivning, professionell tillhörighetoch delade oskrivna sociala koder. Behovet av tillhörighet visade sig vara olika förinformanterna, några söker en mer social tillhörighet medan andra är mer intresseradeav tillhörighet kopplat till profession. Ett coworking-space fungerar således som ettkomplement till de tillhörighetsbehov som respektive individ har svårt att uppfyllaunder distansarbete.

“Social integration” is a construct referred to in workgroup and organisational research, in particular in research focused on understanding workplace diversity. The present research examined how the social integration construct could be more clearly conceptualised and measured in the South African context. Guided by Hinkin’s (1998) scale development framework, the research seeks to contribute to the early stages of the development of a scale of social integration, suited for use in South African workplaces. Items were generated theoretically, leading to a final pool of 72 items. 620 usable responses were received from individuals employed in organisations in South Africa and this sample was randomly split into two samples of 310 participants each: a “calibration” and “validation” sample. On the calibration sample, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted in order to examine emerging first- and higher-order latent variable structures. EFA led to the development of a first-order, seven-factor model. Exploratory extension analysis generated three possible higher-order latent variable structures. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), both the first- and higher-order models were fitted to the “validation” sample to test if the models generalised to a second sample drawn from the same population. Results indicated that the first-order model demonstrated an adequate fit, as well as two of the three higher-order models. The fit of these two higher-order models did not differ significantly. Post-hoc analyses determined that, while social integration can be considered a meaningful higherorder construct, the construct has theoretical rather than practical relevance for researchers. Responses to the proposed scale of social integration should be interpreted at the level of the identified first-order constructs rather than as a single scale representing the higher order, abstract social integration construct. The generalisability and contextual nature of the research findings, suggestions for future research, and the theoretical and practical limitations of the present research are discussed.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa intervjustudie är att studera gruppterapeutiska upplevelser från biblioterapi. Med en socialpsykologisk ansats studeras detta genom teorier om gruppkohesion, feedback och självutlämnande. 5 semistrukturerade intervjuer med deltagare som någon gång under de senaste tio åren har deltagit i biblioterapi genomfördes. Resultat visar bland annat att slutsatser om att biblioterapi som ett gruppterapeutiskt tillvägagångsätt med ovan nämnda teorier, visar sig vara en positiv terapimetod bland de deltagande som bland annat sökt sig till terapin för psykisk ohälsa. Resultat i denna studie visar även biblioterapi som en terapeutisk metod, verkar inunder en miljö, som redan i början av terapin får deltagarna att känna en god samhörighet med andra deltagare. / The purpose of this qualitative interview study is to study group therapy experiences from bibliotherapy. With a social psychological approach, this is studied through theories of group cohesion, feedback and self-disclosure. 5 semi-structured interviews with participants who have participated in bibliotherapy at some point in the last ten years were conducted. The results show amongst many conclusions that bibliotherapy, as a group therapeutic approach with the above-mentioned theories, proves to be a positive method of therapy among the participants who, among other things, applied to the therapy for mental illness. Results in this study also show bibliotherapy as a therapeutic method, acting in an environment that already at the beginning of the therapy makes the participants feel a good connection with other participants.

The main aim of this dissertation was to examine the relationship between team success and team cohesiveness with a sample of elite youth sport teams. The secondary aim of this international thesis was to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of responses to the Czech and Slovak versions of the Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire (YSEQ; Eys, Loughead, Bray, & Carron, 2009b) in a sample of elite youth handball and soccer players. The accomplishment of the second purpose involved three phases of research. First, the questionnaire was translated into the Czech and Slovak languages by method of parallel back-translation. In Phase 2, feedback was sought on the translated versions of each questionnaire from both researchers (N = 2) and athletes (N = 52) to ensure the clarity of the instructions and the readability of the items. Subsequent confirmatory analyses in the final phase provided an adequate fitting model for both Czech and Slovak versions with an independent sample (N = 352) from youth sport teams. These results offer further support to Eys et al.'s (2009b) proposed two dimensional model underlying their measure of cohesion for youth sport groups. In terms of the general purpose, we employed structural equation modeling to examine the direction of that relationship via a...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Roberto Moretti.pdf: 2395916 bytes, checksum: 5697624fde0966c56c6365b853a2524d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The subject this research are the social relations and more specifically the relationship between athletes practicing a team adventure race, with reference to group cohesion. Permeating social relations and social practices (adventure racing) have, contemporaneously, the risks and other consequences of late modernity, which in turn causes each person deal differently. Some people will be prevented, some avoidable and others will check the risk, either in their productive time, they are working or in their spare time, in hours of leisure and sports activities. Currently, the racing is the leading exponent of the practices that actively seek risk, the risk-adventure. Adventure racing originated in the contemporary context, and nowadays can be considered one of the riskiest practices and extreme - has a long way with about 500 km, crossing places unexplored and inhospitable, subjected to various omens of nature, in a contest to realize the course in less time, and often without sleep (no stop). Due to its characteristics, its regulation and, as a safety measure, the racing is done in teams, forcing athletes to relate to overcome various obstacles and achieve their goals. Thus, keep the team united and cohesive it becomes necessary. Understand how the players relate to overcome obstacles, to maintain the unity and cohesion, it was possible through interviews and follow-up as a team member in support of a team that participated in a race that was the scene of world championship racing adventure 2008, resulting in notes in a diary, which was used to obtain context data. The interviews were conducted individually with each athlete before the race and after the race, an interview with the four players together. The results showed that athletes attribute the sense of group cohesion to the three main dimensions: communication, help/support each other and keep the pace. And when there is a provision for group cohesion in the face of danger/risk, the team tends to unite and become more cohesive. The three dimensions are not independent and the link is the interaction. The interaction between team members must provide the means to negotiate, exchange and give directions, both individual and group on the task and the emotions generated by the tasks / O tema desta pesquisa são as relações sociais, mais especificamente as relações entre atletas de uma equipe praticante de corrida de aventura, tendo como referência a coesão grupal. Permeando as relações sociais e as práticas sociais (corridas de aventura) temos, contemporaneamente, os riscos e as demais conseqüências da modernidade tardia, que por sua vez, faz com que cada pessoa lide de forma diferente. Algumas pessoas irão se prevenir, outras evitar, e outras irão buscar o risco, seja em seu tempo produtivo, em que estão trabalhando, ou em seu tempo livre, nas horas de lazer e prática esportiva. Atualmente, a corrida de aventura é o principal expoente das práticas que buscam ativamente o risco, o risco-aventura. As corridas de aventura se originaram neste contexto contemporâneo e, atualmente, podem ser considerada uma das práticas mais arriscadas e extremas - possui um longo percurso com aproximadamente 500 km, atravessando locais pouco explorados e inóspitos, submetidos aos diversos agouros da natureza, em uma competição que visa realizar o percurso em menor tempo, e, muitas vezes, sem dormir (no stop). Devido às suas características, ao seu regulamento e, por medida de segurança, a corrida de aventura é realizada em equipe, o que obriga os atletas a se relacionarem para superarem os obstáculos diversos e atingirem seus objetivos. Desta forma, manter a equipe unida e coesa torna-se necessário. Entender a maneira como os atletas se relacionam para superar obstáculos, manter a união e a coesão, foi possível por meio de entrevistas e acompanhamento como membro da equipe de apoio de uma equipe que participou de uma corrida que foi palco do campeonato mundial das corridas de aventura de 2008, resultando em anotações em um diário de campo, que serviu para obter dados de contexto. As entrevistas foram realizadas com cada atleta individualmente antes da corrida e, após a corrida, uma entrevista com os quatro atletas juntos. Os resultados mostraram que os atletas atribuem o sentido de coesão grupal às três principais dimensões: comunicação, ajudar/cuidar uns dos outros e manter o ritmo. E, quando há uma disposição para a coesão grupal, diante do perigo/risco, a equipe tende a se unir e ficar mais coesa. As três dimensões não são independentes e o elo é a interação. A interação entre os integrantes da equipe deve proporcionar meios para negociar, trocar e atribuir sentidos, tanto individual quanto grupalmente, sobre a tarefa e as emoções geradas pela execução das tarefas

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This study examined the relationship of group cohesion among heterogeneous and homogeneous groups on individual treatment outcome of child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT). CPRT is a filial therapy model that targets the parent-child relationship as a means for preventing or improving child and/or family problems. This study included 30 parents or caregivers from 9 groups which met for 10 sessions. Participants qualified for this study if their groups ended with at least 3 group members and 2 leaders, all pretest and posttest data on their child between the ages of 2-11 was completed, and if they attended at least 6 of the 10 sessions. Correlation coefficients, t-tests, and effect sizes were calculated. Results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between pretests and posttests on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for all 30 participants; however, differences in measured effect (η2) between children identified with borderline and clinical behavior problems and children with normal behavior problems suggest that CPRT is more effective among children who demonstrate significant behavior problems. Perceived and observed group cohesion measurements demonstrated no significant difference at the individual outcome level. This finding suggests that group cohesion may not be related to individual outcome. Although there was no significant relationship between group cohesion and individual outcome for this study, results of the group measurements regarding engagement and group cohesiveness, coupled with previous studies on CPRT effectiveness, suggest that CPRT should be utilized in homogeneous groups.

The work deals with the comparison of classes that have taken part in an adaptation course to those that have not. The theoretical part describes a class as a small social group and refers to its structure. It also deals with group dynamics and explains developmental stages of a small social group. Further, the theoretical part of the thesis focuses on class climate, environment and atmosphere. It describes the adaptation course and defines its aims as well. The practical part of the thesis contains a description and an analysis of questionnaires that were assigned to the first year classes of the four-year grammar schools in the early days of the school year 2011/2012 and in the beginning of November the same year. Based on the analysis of questionnaires, this part also deals with identifying differences among these classes. It points out that the differences among these classes are small but, nevertheless, the adaptation courses are of benefit to the whole class.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anexos.pdf: 571210 bytes, checksum: 89fc74405fbc8d978a686dd83a686774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The physical activities provide to innumerable benefits, with emphasis in the psychological and the social, principally for the people with visual disability conditions. The general objective was to evaluate the emotional and social competencies of people with visual disability conditions, with ages between 20 and 50 years, participants of a formal physical activity group. And as specifics objectives were: to translate an instrument for evaluation of group cohesion; to analyze the level of emotional competencies of people with visual disability conditions participants of a physical activity group; to analyze the level of social competencies of people with visual disability conditions participants of a physical activity group; and to check the existence of association between the emotional and social competencies in people with visual disability conditions who practice a physical activity. The research is characterized as descriptive-exploratory. It had participated of the research eleven people with visual disability conditions, integrant of a team that practices five-a-side football, in the SEST/SENAT, in Florianópolis-SC, Brazil. They were selected in intentional way, according to inclusion s criteria: to have total visual disability; to belong to the age between 20 and 50 years; besides to integrate the team that practices five-a-side football at least 6 months. As measure s instruments were used How to Mapping your Emotional Intelligence (COOPER; SAWAF, 1997) and the translated version of the The Group Environment Questionnaire (CARRON; BRAWLEY; WIDMEYER, 2002). And for this translation it was used the Back-Translation method (BRISLIN, 1970). The people with visual disability conditions who practice five-a-side football had presented potentialities in the majority of the emotional competencies: Intentionality, Creativity and Resilience, in the majority of the situations and same under pressure. However, they had presented difficulties and vulnerabilities in the aspects Interpersonal Connections and Constructive Discontent. About the group cohesion, the participants located in the first quartile in the aspects Individual Attractions to the Group-Social and Individual Attractions to the Group-Task, in the second quartile in the aspect Group Integration-Social and, between the second and third quartile in the aspect Group Integration-Task. In this last aspect the team presented the higher cohesion index. It was found association between Interpersonal Connections and Group Integration-Social, Constructive Discontent and Group Integration-Social, Work Pressures and Group Integration-Task, Emotional Expression and Individual Attractions to the Group-Task, and, Emotional Awareness of Others and Individual Attractions to the Group-Task. These associations reinforce the interdependency relations between the group cohesion s dimensions and the emotional competencies aspects. / As atividades físicas proporcionam inúmeros benefícios, destacando-se os psicológicos e sociais, principalmente para as pessoas com condições de deficiência visual. O objetivo geral foi avaliar as competências emocional e social de pessoas com condições de deficiência visual, com idades entre 20 e 50 anos, participantes de um grupo de atividade física formal. E como objetivos específicos: traduzir e validar um instrumento para avaliação da coesão de grupo; analisar o nível da competência emocional das pessoas com condições de deficiência visual que participam de um grupo de atividade física; analisar o nível da competência social das pessoas com condições de deficiência visual participantes de um grupo de atividade física; e, verificar a existência de associação entre as competências emocional e social em pessoas com condições de deficiência visual que praticam uma atividade física. A pesquisa é caracterizada como descritivo-exploratória. Os participantes do estudo foram compostos por onze pessoas com condições de deficiência visual, integrantes de um grupo que pratica futsal, no SEST/SENAT, em Florianópolis-SC. Estes foram selecionados de maneira intencional, conforme os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos: possuir deficiência visual total; pertencer à faixa etária entre 20 e 50 anos; além de integrar o grupo que pratica esta atividade física formal há no mínimo 6 meses. Como instrumentos de medida foram utilizados o Como Mapear sua Inteligência Emocional (COOPER; SAWAF, 1997) e Questionário de Ambiente de Grupo, traduzido do The Group Environment Questionnaire (CARRON; BRAWLEY; WIDMEYER, 2002). E para a tradução do mesmo, utilizou-se o Método Back-Translation (BRISLIN, 1970). As pessoas com condições de deficiência visual praticantes de futsal apresentaram potencialidades na maioria das competências emocionais: Intencionalidade, Criatividade e Elasticidade (Resiliência), na maioria das situações e mesmo sob pressão. Entretanto, apresentaram dificuldades e vulnerabilidades nos aspectos Conexões Interpessoais e Insatisfação Construtiva. Quanto à coesão de grupo, os participantes localizaram-se no primeiro quartil nos aspectos Atração Individual para o Grupo-Social e Atração Individual para o Grupo-Tarefa, no segundo quartil no aspecto Integração de Grupo-Social e, entre o segundo e terceiro quartis no aspecto Integração de Grupo-Tarefa. Sendo que neste último o grupo apresentou os índices mais elevados de coesão. Encontrou-se associação das Conexões Interpessoais e a Insatisfação Construtiva com a Integração de Grupo-Social; Pressões no Trabalho e Integração de Grupo-Tarefa; Expressão Emocional e Atração Individual para o Grupo-Tarefa; e, Consciência Emocional dos Outros e Atração Individual para o Grupo-Tarefa. Estas associações reforçam as relações de interdependência entre as dimensões da Coesão de Grupo e as variáveis da Competência Emocional.