O presente trabalho de pesquisa foi conduzido no período de outubro de 2007 a março de 2008 na Estação de Avaliação de Suínos em Tanquinho, Piracicaba SP, no Frigorífico BRESSIANI®, localizado na cidade de Capivari SP, e as avaliações bioquímicas, químicas, quantidade e qualidade de carne foram realizadas no mês de março a abril de 2008, no Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Carnes do Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, localizado na cidade de Campinas SP. Neste experimento foram testados métodos de castração de suínos objetivando avaliar a incidência do odor de macho inteiro, causado pela androstenona e escatol, presentes no tecido adiposo dos suínos machos, composição corporal e da carcaça. Entre os métodos de castração de suínos machos existentes, foram avaliados o cirúrgico e imunológico. O primeiro consistiu na remoção cirúrgica das gônadas do leitão entre 3 a 5 dias de vida e o segundo na aplicação de duas doses da forma modificada do Fator de Liberação das Gonadotropinas (GnRF) em um sistema coadjuvante de baixa reatividade, sendo a primeira dose aplicada nos animais com 15 semanas e a segunda dose com 19 semanas de idade. Após duas semanas da segunda dose foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação de testosterona através de radioimunoensaio. No momento do abate foi realizada a coleta de parte do tecido adiposo para análise de androstenona e escatol. Nas meias carcaças esquerdas foram avaliadas a qualidade de carne (pH, temperatura, capacidade de retenção de água, perda por exsudação e cor) e a quantidade (medidas lineares das carcaças e rendimentos dos cortes anatômicos). A vacinação dos animais contra o GnRF demonstrou sua eficiência em controlar os compostos responsáveis pelo odor sexual (androstenona e escatol) e em manter os níveis de testosterona comparáveis aos animais castrados cirurgicamente. A imunocastração melhorou o desempenho zootécnico e contribuiu para aumentar a quantidade de carne por animal (4,84 kg), diminuir a de gordura (1, 54 kg) e acrescentar mais carne nos cortes de maior valor comercial, como pernil (1060 g, p < 0,05), carre(400 g, p > 0,05), a barriga (840 g, p < 0,05) e paleta (1460 g, p < 0,05), que representa uma vantagem econômica para a indústria da carne, pois atende os mercados de carne fresca e de produtos industrializados (cozidos e embutidos). Em relação à avaliação sensorial foram constatadas diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) para todos os atributos sensoriais avaliados em favor dos suínos imunocastrados quando comparados com os castrados cirurgicamente. Quanto à preferência, os bifes cozidos de lombo dos suínos imunocastrados obtiveram melhor preferência (66%) em comparação com os castrados cirurgicamente (34%). A intenção de compra também foi em favor dos suínos imunocastrados e refletiu os resultados dos testes de preferência e de aceitação. A maioria dos consumidores (74,8%) provavelmente (20,2%) ou certamente (54,6%) compraria a carne dos suínos imunocastrados e somente 58,4% dos consumidores provavelmente (25,2%) ou certamente (33,2%) compraria a carne dos suínos castrados cirurgicamente. A gordura total encontrada no lombo nesse experimento foi 14.67 e 12.67 g/100g para o grupo dos suínos castrados cirurgicamente e imunocastrados, respectivamente. O rendimento de cocção e os valores da força máxima de cisalhamento (Warner - Bratzler) dos suínos castrados cirurgicamente e imunocastrados não foram estatisticamente diferentes (p > 0,05) enquanto que a cor instrumental (L*, a* e b*) apresentou diferença estatística (p < 0,05) na sua composição para os tratamentos estudados. Os resultados desse trabalho permitem dizer que a imunocastração demonstrou ser eficiente em prevenir o odor sexual bem como em melhorar o desempenho zootécnico e qualidade de carcaça quando comparada com a castração cirúrgica. Quanto à qualidade de carne dos suínos imunocastrados ficou evidenciado que essa tecnologia pode melhorar os atributos sensoriais e outras características de qualidade realizadas nessa pesquisa. / The present study was carried out from October 2007 to March 2008 at the Pig Evaluation Station in Tanquinho, located in Piracicaba city, São Paulo state, in the BRESSIANI® abattoir, located in Capivai, city, São Paulo state, and the biochemical, chemical, meat quantity and meat quality assessments were carried in March 2008, at the Meat Center for Research and Development in the Institute of Food Technology, located in Campinas city, São Paulo state. In this experiment were tested castration methods applied in pigs to evaluate the incidence of the boar taint, caused by androstenone and skatole located in the fat of boars, carcass composition and meat quality. The castration methods tested were physical and immunological. In the first one pig gonads were removed physically at the age 3 to 5 days and the last one the pigs were immunocastrated (two doses, 15 and 19 weeks of age) against the modified factor gonadotropin-releasing (GnRF). After two weeks of the second dose blood samples were taken to evaluate testosterone using radioimmunoassay. At the slaughter level a portion of backfat was collected to assess androstenone and skatole. Meat quality (pH, temperature, water holding capacity, loss of weeping and color) and quantity (linear measurements of carcasses and anatomical cuts yield) were performed at left carcass side. Vaccination of animals against GnRF demonstrated its effectiveness in controlling the boar taint compounds (androstenone and skatole) and to maintain the levels of testosterone comparable to physically castrated animals. The immunocastration improved growth performance and contributed to increase the total meat quantity per animal (4.84 kg), reducing the fat (1, 54 kg) as well as added more meat in cuts of higher commercial value, such as ham (1060 g, p < 0.05), loin (400 g, p > 0.05), belly (840 g, p < 0.05) and shoulder (1460 g, p < 0.05), which represents an economic advantage for the meat industry since reaches booths markets fresh and processed meats products (sausage and cooked). Regarding the sensory evaluation were found significant differences (p < 0.05) for all sensory attributes evaluated in favor ofimmunocastrated pigs when compared with physically castrated. The preference test applied to cooked sirloin steak from immunocastrated pigs indicated better preference (66%) compared with physically castrated (34%). The panelists intent to purchase was also in favor of the immunocastrated treatment and confirmed the results from the preference and acceptance tests. The majority (74.8%) of the consumers probably (20.2%) or certainly (54.6%) would buy meat from the immunocastrated pigs compared to 58.4% of the consumers who would probably (25.2%) or certainly (33.2%) would buy meat from physically castrated pigs. Loin total fat content found in the experiment was 14.67 and 12.67 g/100g for the physical and immunocastrated groups respectively. The immunocastrated group contained 11.2% less fat than the surgical castrates. Cooking yields and peak Warner-Bratzler shear force values from physically castrated and immunocastrated pigs were not statistically different (P > 0.05) while statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the brightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) parameters were observed between the two treatments. From the above considerations it can be said that immunocastration shows very good potential for pre-venting boar taint. Pain and stress associated with physical castration can thus be avoided. It was also demonstrated that immunocastrated pigs improved some meat quality aspects evaluated. Sensory, total fat content and color were the main factors affected by immunocastration while cooking loss and instrumental tenderness had no remarkable changes. The consumers classified meat from immunocastrated pigs significantly better than physically castrated pigs as far as acceptability, preference and purchase intention are concerned. Thus, immunocastration results in production of animals with high meat quality in the carcass and still capitalizes on the growth, feed efficiency and carcass leanness of boars up to the point of immunocastration.

The high cost of feed materials and feed additives in developing nations has elicited interest in the search for sustainable alternatives. Moringa (Moringa oleifera), one of such sustainable alternatives is a tropical plant that has its usefulness investigated in this study. A 42-day study was designed to determine the response of Ross 308 broilers to dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. The Moringa oleifera leaves used for the study were analysed for proximate, mineral and composition as well as phytochemical contents before being incorporated in the diet. Day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 500) were allotted to five treatments in completely randomized design with each treatment replicated five times and each replicate having 20 chicks. The birds were subjected to diets supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg feed at both starter and finisher stage, respectively and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Moringa oleifera leaf meal level that supported optimum production and physiological variables was modelled using the quadratic function. At day 42, three birds per replicate were slaughtered to evaluate carcass and organ yields. Result of the proximate composition revealed that MOLM is rich in protein (32.37%) and neutral detergent fibre (52.16%). Mineral assay indicated that MOLM was high in calcium, sodium, potassium, sulphur and iron. Daily feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio were the same among the treatments with the exception of starter broilers on diet T1 that had higher ADG (p<0.05) than those on the other diets. Final live weight (FLW), mortality and gizzard weight were influenced (p<0.05) by Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no effect on parameters measured. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation at 39.98 and 35.80 g/kg feed supported optimum FLW and ADG at starter phase and 46.88 g/kg feed MOLM supported optimum FLW at finisher phase. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf meal is a good source of nutrients and suitable for production of enhanced cut parts in broiler chickens. Birds on 50 and 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed had higher (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and glucose than those on the other 3 treatment diets. The white blood cell (WBC) counts for birds on 50 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed were higher (p<0.05) than those on 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed but similar (p>0.05) to those on 0, 25 and 75 g MOLM/kg feed. Blood platelet count maintained the trend 75 g > 0 g > 50 g > 100 g > 25 g MOLM/kg feed with birds on 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed being statistically higher (p<0.05) than those on 25, 50 and 100 g MOLM/kg feed. Dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no significant effect (p>0.05) on haemoglobin (Hb), total serum protein (TSP), albumin, cholesterol and uric acid. Triglyceride (TG) level of birds on 25, 75 and 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed decreased significantly compared to those on 0 and 50 g MOLM/kg feed. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the differential WBC count. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation with 26.99 g/kg feed and 31.95 g/kg feed respectively supported optimum PCV (38.62%) and glucose (245.42 mg/dl) in Ross 308 broilers. It is, therefore summarized that optimizing MOLM supplementation level in the ration of Ross 308 broilers could assist in improving their productivity. / Agriculture and  Animal Health / Ph. D. (Agriculture)

The study objectives of this thesis were to evaluate the effects of delayed feeding and specific aspects of the Programmed Nutrition (PN) feeding strategy (Alltech, Inc.) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and skeletal characteristics of commercial broiler chicks through market age, as well as investigate the effects of breed and the PN feeding strategy on early growth and development. When commercial broiler chicks were fed reduced nutrient diets, delayed feeding decreased early growth performance and carcass yield (P<0.05), whereas post-hatch PN conditioning for 72 hours improved early growth performance and alleviated the negative effects of delayed feeding on carcass yield (P<0.05). Through market age, delayed feeding improved Gain: Feed (P<0.05), while PN had the opposite effect. Interactive effects and main effects of delayed feeding and PN were observed for tissue mineral concentration (P<0.05). PN lowered bone ash % (P<0.05) and increased meat oxidation of broiler chicks during storage (P<0.05). PN also had negative effects on early growth performance and bone breaking strength (P<0.05) of various meat-type breeds, but especially for non-commercial, moderate-growing or fast-growing breeds. In conclusion, PN may be suitable for commercial broiler chicks that experience delayed feeding and are fed reduced nutrient diets.

No description available.

Das Ziel des Fütterungsversuches war es, zu ermitteln, wie sich das Wachstum von Reitpferdehengsten in der Aufzucht im Alter von 11 bis 27 Monaten, abhängig von der Energie- und Proteinversorgung darstellt. Die Tiere wurden in zwei Gruppen mit je sechs Tieren in Laufställen mit täglichem Auslauf gehalten. Die Aufwertung der Proteinversorgung im Sinne des Idealproteinkonzeptes erfolgte in der Supplement-gruppe über ein pelletiertes Ergänzungsfuttermittel in welchem hochwertige Proteinträger sowie kristalline Aminosäuren eingesetzt wurden. Die Trocken-substanzaufnahmen waren in allen Rationen in beiden Gruppen identisch. Gemäß Versuchsziel war die Protein- und Aminosäurenversorgung der einzige unterschiedliche Versuchsfaktor, die Energieaufnahme beider Gruppen war ausgeglichen. Effekte der optimierten Versorgung wurden durch Wachstums-, Gewebe- und Stoffwechselparameter über einen Zeitraum von 72 Wochen im Vergleich der Gruppen erhoben und ausgewertet. Die Zunahmen an Lebendmasse und in der Widerristhöhe waren über den gesamten Versuchsverlauf in der Supplementgruppe höher. Bei Betrachtung von kürzeren Zeiträumen waren signifikante, rationsabhängige Effekte in diesen, aber auch mittels anderer Wachstumsparameter, nachweisbar. Der Zuwachs im Muskelumfang war im entsprechenden Betrachtungszeitraum signifikant erhöht, die weiteren Gewebeparameter BIA und Röntgen lieferten dem Alter der Tiere entsprechende Ergebnisse. Im Parameter des Harnstoff-Stickstoff im Serum wurde an einem Zeitpunkt des Versuches im Mittel der Tiere der Supplementgruppe ein signifikant niedrigerer Wert ermittelt. An weiteren Zeitpunkten und auch bei der Indikatorsubstanz 1-Methyl-Histidin waren keine Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen nachweisbar. Eine höhere Absorption der unentbehrlichen Aminosäuren aus dem Ergänzungsfutter in der Supplementgruppe wurde durch die Analyse der freien Aminosäuren im Blut in mehreren Versuchsabschnitten nachgewiesen. Die verbesserte Proteinqualität in der Ration der Supplementgruppe beeinflusste das Wachstum der Tiere positiv. Eine Verwendung von hochwertigen Proteinträgern und kristallinen Aminosäuren gemäß Idealproteinkonzept konnte in Ergänzungs-futtermitteln für die Aufzucht von Pferden und für Zeiträume erhöhter Leistungsabforderungen empfohlen werden. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf zum Idealprotein Pferd für zukünftige Untersuchungen wurde im Bereich der knappen relativen Versorgungslage an Methionin, Histidin und den verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren nachgewiesen.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and ingestive behavior of beef heifers grazing natural grassland managed under rotational grazing according to two rest periods in spring and summer. The treatments were two intervals between grazing 375 and 750 DD (degree days), based on thermal cumulative average for leaf expansion of native grasses belonging to two functional groups. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with two treatments and three replications. The experiment was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012. The test animals were Angus beef heifers, with an initial mean age of 12 months and initial weight 185.2 ± 17.4 kg. The ingestive behavior variables evaluated were grazing time, rumination and rest, and daily number and duration of meals, bite rate, number of stations visited per minute, number of steps between feeding stations, length of stay at the station. All variables of ingestive behavior were similar between treatments. However, grazing time and biting rate ranged between assessments. The different intervals between grazing on natural pasture did not influence the patterns of ingestive behavior of heifers. The variables of pasture mass of green leaf and stalk weight in different time periods evaluated the influence of grazing, ruminating and bite rate. Forage mass was higher in the 750 DD treatment, however, the mass of leaf blades were similar among treatments. The highest average daily gains and gains per area were observed in 375 DD treatment. In one evaluation period there was weight loss in animals of both treatments, that was attributed to a drought occurred and the lowest mass of leaf blades of the period. The average stocking density was similar between treatments. The treatment of lower defoliation interval presented greater individual gain. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o comportamento ingestivo de novilhas de corte em pastagem natural manejada sob pastoreio rotativo em função de dois intervalos de descanso na primavera-verão. Os tratamentos avaliados foram dois intervalos entre pastoreios 375 e 750 GD (graus-dia), baseados na soma térmica média acumulada para a expansão foliar de gramíneas nativas pertencentes a dois grupos funcionais. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos completamente casualizados com dois tratamentos e três repetições de área. O experimento foi conduzido de novembro de 2011 a abril de 2012. Os animais testes foram novilhas de corte, da raça Angus, com idade média inicial de 12 meses e peso inicial 185,2 ± 17,4 kg. As variáveis do comportamento ingestivo avaliadas foram o tempo de pastejo, ruminação e ócio, além de número diário e duração das refeições, taxa de bocados, número de estações visitadas por minuto, número de passos entre estações alimentares, tempo de permanência na estação. Todas as variáveis do comportamento ingestivo foram semelhantes entre os tratamentos avaliados. No entanto, o tempo de pastejo e a taxa de bocados variaram entre as avaliações. Os diferentes intervalos entre pastoreios em pastagem natural não influenciou os padrões de comportamento ingestivo das novilhas. As variáveis do pasto MLFV e massa de colmos nos diferentes períodos avaliados influenciaram nos tempos de pastejo, ruminação e taxa de bocados. A massa de forragem foi superior no tratamento 750 GD, no entanto, a massa de lâminas foliares foi semelhante entre os tratamentos. Os maiores ganhos médios diários e ganhos por área foram observados no tratamento 375 GD. Em um dos períodos de avaliação houve perda de peso nos animais de ambos os tratamentos, que foi atribuído ao déficit hídrico ocorrido e a menor massa de lâminas foliares do período. As cargas médias foram semelhantes entre os tratamentos. O tratamento de menor intervalo entre desfolhas proporcionou aos animais maior ganho individual.

Twenty four Jersey calves were randomly blocked according to sex and birth date, to determine the effects of supplementing Carica papaya seed (Linn) meal (CPSM) on health and growth performance of calves. In the first study, calves were fed CPSM for only 2 days to determine faecal pathogen population. In the second study; calves were randomly assigned at birth to three treatments and fed until weaning at 42 days. Each treatment had six calves. Treatments were; 1) a control group, which did not receive additive; 2) a group that was supplemented 5 g/d of Carica papaya seed meal (CPSM) and 3) the last group that was supplemented 5 g/d of a commercial product containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lact). After receiving milk with colostrum from their dams for 3 consecutive days after birth, calves had commercial starter pellet and fresh water ad lib. Treatments were added to whole milk from day 4 and fed to calves before being allowed to suckle from the dams for 30 min three times a day (08:00; 12:00 and 17:00). Calf starter dry matter intake (DMI) was evaluated daily while body weight (BW) and body structural growth were measured weekly. Faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum on day 7 and 10, before and after receiving CPSM respectively. The DMI; DMI/BW; BW and BWG of calves did not differ among treatments, and averaged 305.4 g/d; 7.7 g/d per BW; 39.4 kg and 32.1 kg, respectively. The initial BW, 22.2 ± 1.49 kg did not differ among groups, but the weaning BW was higher (p<0.05) for CPSM fed calves compared to control diet fed calves. It did not differ between control and Lact calves. Calves in Lact and CPSM treatments had similar average daily gain (ADG) and heart girth (HG), which were higher (p<0.05) than calves fed the control treatment. Calves fed CPSM had higher (p<0.05) hip width (HW) and shoulder height (SH) than control calves. There were effects of time (p<0.001) for starter DMI/BW, ADG and all structural body parameters, and effects (p<0.05) of interaction between time and treatments for only starter DMI/BW, ADG and HG. The CPSM treatment reduced faecal coliforms and E. coli (p<0.05) by 93.6% and 96.1%, respectively; and tended to reduce Enterobacteriaceae (p=0.056) by 96.4%. The present study revealed that feeding CPSM to calves during the pre-weaning period increased growth performance by improving average daily gain, feed efficiency and enhancing health status due to low faecal pathogen count / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimum addition level of arginine and the relationship of antagonism between amino acids arginine and lysine in diets for juvenile south brazilin catfish (Rhamdia quelen) for variables that were studied live performance, composition and nutrient retention, biochemical parameters , liver and digestive. The first trial lasted 45 days, was conducted in the fish farming Laboratory of Federal University of Santa Maria, in water recirculation system, using 24 280 l tanks, each equipped with two experimental units (cages with useful volume of 15 l), each unit was populated with 12 fish (initial weight of 2.00 ± 0.04 g). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of two for six, and to 4.5% and 5.1% lysine were used following arginine levels: 2.5, 3.0, 3.6, 4, 3, 5.0 and 5.6%, totaling 12 treatments with 4 replicates. The second experiment lasted 49 days, following the same methodology as the first varying levels of inclusions arginine, lysine content keeping fixed at 6.65% of the protein fraction, testing six increasing levels of arginine: 4.20, 4.65, 5.0, 5.35, 5.65 and 6.00% each with four replications. Each unit was populated with 15 fish (mean weight 0.3 ± 3.00 g). In the first study based on the results obtained by polynomial regression equations, we conclude that the combination of 5.1% to 4.6% lysine with arginine provided better performance associated with greater carcass yield and lower body fat deposition. The second study that remained fixed in 6.65% lysine (protein), found better response to the inclusion of 5.8% arginine in the protein fraction of the diet. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível ótimo de inclusão de arginina e a relação de antagonismo entre os aminoácidos lisina e arginina em dietas para juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), e para isso foram estudadas variáveis de desempenho zootécnico, composição e retenção de nutrientes, parâmetros bioquímicos, hepáticos e digestivos. O primeiro experimento teve duração de 45 dias, foi conduzido no Laboratório de Piscicultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, em sistema de recirculação de água, utilizando-se 24 tanques de 280 L, cada qual equipado com duas unidades experimentais (tanques-rede com volume útil de 15 L), cada unidade foi povoada com 12 peixes (peso inicial de 2,00 ± 0,04 g). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial dois por seis, sendo que para 4,5% e 5,1% de lisina foram utilizados os seguintes níveis de arginina: 2,5, 3,0, 3,6, 4,3, 5,0 e 5,6% (da fração proteica), totalizando 12 tratamentos com 4 repetições. O segundo experimento teve duração de 49 dias, seguindo a mesma metodologia do primeiro variando os níveis de inclusões de arginina e mantendo o teor de lisina fixo em 6,65% da fração proteica, testando seis níveis crescentes de arginina: 4,20, 4,65, 5,0, 5,35, 5,65 e 6,00% cada um com 4 repetições. Cada unidade foi povoada com 15 peixes (peso médio 3,00±0,3 g). No primeiro estudo com base nos resultados obtidos pelas equações de regressão polinomial, concluímos que a combinação de 5,1% de lisina com 4,6% de arginina proporcionou melhor desempenho associado a maior rendimento de carcaça e menor deposição de gordura corporal. Já o segundo estudo que manteve lisina fixa em 6,65% (proteína), encontrou-se melhor resposta à inclusão de arginina em 5,8% da fração proteica das dietas.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-18T12:30:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sharleny Braz Lobato Bezerra.pdf: 1277903 bytes, checksum: f2342c66baa50e5babac2016f3faa55c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T12:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sharleny Braz Lobato Bezerra.pdf: 1277903 bytes, checksum: f2342c66baa50e5babac2016f3faa55c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-20 / Evaluate the effect of inclusion of cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera) on intake and digestibility of nutrients, growth performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, tissue composition of leg and quality of meat of sheep in growth. Was experiment conducted on sector goat and sheep Department of Animal Science of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, thirty-two sheep male non castrated they were confined for 56 days. The cactus pear it was included in the experimental diets at levels of 0; 25; 50; 75% based on dry matter. There was quadratic effect for intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients. The intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates increased and voluntary intake of water decreased with increased levels of cactus pear in the diet. The digestibility of DM presented a quadratic behavior. Regarding the feeding behavior of the animals time expended eating, ruminating and chewing were reduced and the time in idleness presented increasing linear behavior. For the variables average daily gain and feed conversion behavior was quadratic. Body weight slaughter, empty body weight, weight of the hot and cold carcass were influenced in a quadratic way by the inclusion of girl cactus in the diet. The hot and cold carcass yield increased linearly and the biological yield was not influenced by the inclusion of cactus in diets. The absolute weights of commercial cuts presented quadratic behavior. The inclusion of forage cactus in diets of lambs affected the weight and yield of "buchada" showing a quadratic effect. yield of tissue components of the leg, bones, fat and other tissues showed quadratic behavior and the yield muscles was not affected. The relations muscle:bone, muscle:fat quadratic behavior. The parameters evaluated in the meat luminosity (L*), intensity red color (a*), pH, shear force; water holding capacity and concentrations moisture, ash and protein were not affected by the inclusion of forage cactus in diets. The concentration ether extract increased linearly with the presence of forage cactus in the diet. / Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão de palma miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera) sobre consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes, desempenho produtivo, comportamento ingestivo, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de ovinos em crescimento. O experimento foi realizado no setor de caprinos e ovinos no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Foram utilizados trinta e dois ovinos machos inteiros confinados durante 56 dias. A palma forrageira foi incluída nas dietas experimentais nos níveis de 0; 25; 50 e 75% com base na matéria seca. Verificou-se efeito quadrático para os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, carboidratos totais e nutrientes digestíveis totais. O consumo de carboidratos não fibrosos aumentou e o consumo voluntário de água diminuiu linearmente com a inclusão da palma. Em relação ao comportamento ingestivo dos animais, os tempos despendidos com alimentação, ruminação e mastigação foram reduzidos e o tempo em ócio apresentou comportamento linear crescente. Para as variáveis ganho de peso diário e conversão alimentar o comportamento foi quadrático. Os pesos ao abate, do corpo vazio, da carcaça quente e fria foram influenciados de maneira quadrática pela inclusão de palma miúda na dieta. Os rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria aumentaram linearmente e o rendimento biológico não foi influenciado pela inclusão de palma nas dietas. Os pesos absolutos dos cortes comerciais apresentaram comportamento quadrático; para os rendimentos apenas o corte lombo foi influenciado de forma quadrática. A inclusão de palma forrageira nas dietas de cordeiros influenciou o peso e rendimento da “buchada” que apresentaram efeito quadrático. O peso total em gramas dos músculos, ossos e gordura das pernas apresentaram comportamento quadrático. Os rendimentos dos componentes tissulares da perna, ossos, gordura e outros tecidos estes apresentaram comportamento quadrático e o rendimento de músculos não foi influenciado. Para as relações músculo:osso e músculo:gordura foi observado comportamento quadrático. Os parâmetros avaliados na carne: luminosidade (L*), intensidade da cor vermelha (a*), força de cisalhamento, capacidade de retenção de água e os teores de umidade, cinzas e proteina não foram influenciados pela inclusão de palma forrageira nas dietas; já o teor de extrato etéreo aumentou linearmente com a presença da palma forrageira nas dietas.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio_Cesar_Godoy.pdf: 1296602 bytes, checksum: 2f9c21c86a5c20aae28ee9b79778df23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of soybean oil on the animal performance, hematological condition and evaluation of chemical composition of Nile tilapia fillets fed with increasing levels of soybean oil diets. 270 tilapia with average initial weight of 425.33 ± 32,37g and initial length of 25.53 ± 2.00 cm were used, at completely randomized design in 15 tanks. Diets were formulated to present isonitrogenous (30%) using different addition levels of soybean oil, a total of five treatments (0.00; 1.50; 3.00; 4.50 and 6.00%) and three replications. The parameters of zootechnical performance evaluated were: survival (S), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion rate (FCR). The body parameters evaluated were: carcass yield (CY), fillet yield (FY), dressed out yield (DOY), visceral fat index (VFI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). For hematological and biochemical parameters the concentrations of total protein mg/dL (TP), total cholesterol mg/dL (TC); glucose (GL), triglycerides (TG), hemoglobin, erythrocytes and hematocrit were analyzed. For the proximate studies nine fillets from each of the experimental units were used, in which it was determined the moisture (M), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and ash (A). In animal performance, there were no statistical difference (p <0.05) for the daily weight gain (DWG), with higher value 4,13g.dia-1 and feed conversion (FC) with the lowest value (1.87) observed when included 4.50% soybean oil in the diet. Polynomial effect for carcass yield was observed and the highest value (90.07%) occurred in 3.95% soybean oil. The lowest value of the visceral fat index (VFI) obtained was 3.85% and the estimated polynomial effect LRP with 4.86% soybean oil addition. For the hepatosomatic index variable polynomial effect was observed with lower value (2.14%) to 3.22% soybean oil addition. The variable total cholesterol showed quadratic effect with the lowest value (117 mg.dL-1) at 0.80% soybean oil inclusion. The variable triglycerides showed LRP effect with the highest value (269.35 mg.dL-1) observed at 5.04% inclusion. Distinctions (p <0.05) were observed in crude protein and ether extract values with reduction to crude protein and increase of the ether extract with LRP effect for these variables in the near concentration of 4.50% soybean inclusion. In conclusion, data showed that diets with levels between 2.00 and 4.50% soybean oil inclusion allows better carcass yield (CY), daily weight gain (DWG), lower levels of visceral fat Index (VFI) and hepatossomatic index (HSI), also a deposition of intramuscular fat with consequent reduction in protein content / O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os diferentes níveis de inclusão de óleo de soja no desempenho zootécnico, condição hematológica e a avaliação da composição centesimal de files de tilápia-do-Nilo alimentadas com as dietas contendo níveis crescentes de óleo de soja. Foram utilizadas 270 tilápias com peso inicial médio de 425,33 ± 32,37g e comprimento inicial médio de 25,53 ± 2,00 cm, distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso em 15 tanques. As dietas foram formuladas de forma a apresentarem-se isoproteícas (30%) utilizando diferentes níveis de inclusão de óleo de soja, totalizando cinco tratamentos (0,00; 1,50; 3,00; 4,50 e 6,00%) e três repetições. Os parâmetros de desempenho zootécnicos avaliados foram: sobrevivência (SO), ganho em peso diário (GPD), conversão alimentar aparente (CAA). Os parâmetros corporais avaliados foram: rendimento de carcaça (RC), rendimento de file (RF), rendimento de tronco limpo (RTL), índice de gordura visceral (IGV) e índice hepatosomático (IHS). Para os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos avaliou-se as concentrações de proteínas totais mg/dL (PT), colesterol total mg/dL (CT); glicose (GL), triglicerídeos (TG), hemoglobina, eritrócitos e hematócrito. Para as análises centesimais foram utilizados nove files de cada unidade experimental, onde foram determinados a umidade (UM), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e matéria mineral (MM). Nos parâmetros zootécnicos, houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) para ganho em peso diário (GPD), com maior valor de 4,13g.dia-1 e a conversão alimentar aparente (CAA) com o menor valor (1,87) observado quando incluído 4,50% de óleo de soja na dieta. Foi observado efeito polinomial para o rendimento de carcaça e o maior valor (90,07%) ocorreu com 3.95% de óleo de soja. O menor valor do índice de gordura visceral (IGV) obtido foi de 3,85% e estimado efeito polinomial LRP com 4,86% de inclusão de óleo de soja. Para a variável índice hepatosomático foi observado efeito polinomial com menor valor (2,14%) para 3,22% de inclusão de óleo de soja. A variável colesterol plasmático total apresentou efeito quadrático, com o menor valor (117 mg.dL-1) em 0,80% de inclusão de óleo de soja. A variável triglicerídeos, apresentou efeito LRP com o maior valor (269,35 mg.dL-1) observado em 5,04% de inclusão de óleo de soja. Pode-se observar distinções (p<0,05) nos teores de proteína bruta e extrato etéreo, com diminuição para proteína bruta e aumento para extrato etéreo com efeito LRP para estas variáveis na concentração próxima de 4,50% de inclusão. Conclui-se que dietas com teores entre 2,00 e 4,50% de inclusão óleo de soja, possibilitam melhores rendimento de carcaça (RC), ganho em peso diário (GPD), menor nível de Índice de Gordura visceral (IGV) e índice hepatosomático (IHS), também uma deposição de gordura intramuscular com consequente diminuição do teor de proteína