Cette thèse de doctorat à été réalisée au sein du Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels (LEGI) et du Service des Basses Températures du CEA de Grenoble. Ce travail expérimental a porté sur l'étude comparative de la turbulence classique et quantique à très grand nombre de Reynolds d'un écoulement turbulent de jet d'hélium liquide normal (HeI) et superfluide (HeII) entre 2.3K et 1.78K. Le travail s’est en premier lieu concentré sur le développement des moyens d'essais (une soufflerie cryogénique à boucle fermée pressurisée et régulée en température) et sur l'adaptation de la technique de l'anémomètrie à fil chaud aux basses températures. L’étude s’est poursuivie par l'analyse statistique du champ de vitesse en He I et, plus particulièrement, des incréments spatiaux de vitesse en fluide normal montrant un bon accord avec la littérature et fournissant un véritable point de départ pour la mise en évidence de comportements différents en HeII. Les résultats obtenus en superfluide montrent d'une part un comportement classique à grande échelle et, d’autre part, des écarts aux petites échelles qui dépendent de la température du fluide (i.e. de la fraction variable de superfluide). L'effet le plus évident se manifeste par un changement du signe de la fonction de structure d'ordre 3 des incréments de vitesse. / This experimental work is focused on the the statistical study of the high Reynolds number turbulent velocity field in an inertially driven liquid helium axis-symmetric round jet at temperatures above and below the lambda transition (between 2.3 K and 1.78 K) in a cryogenic wind tunnel. The possibility to finely tune the fluid temperature allows us to perform a comparative study of the quantum HeII turbulence within the classical framework of the Kolmogorov turbulent cascade in order to have a better understanding of the energy cascade process in a superfluid. In particular we focused our attention on the intermittency phenomena, in both He I and He II phases, by measuring the high order statistics of the longitudinal velocity increments by means of the flatness and the skewness statistical estimators.A first phase consisted in developing the cryogenic facility, a closed loop pressurized and temperature regulated wind tunnel, and adapting the classic hot-wire anemometry technique in order to be able to work in such a challenging low temperature environment. A detailed calibration procedure of the fully developed turbulent flow was the carried out at 2.3 K at Reynolds numbers based on the Taylor length scale up to 2600 in order to qualify our testing set-up and to identify possible facility-related spurious phenomena. This procedure showed that the statistical properties of the longitudinal velocity increments are in good agreement with respect to previous results.By further reducing the temperature of the working fluid (at a constant pressure) below the lambda point down to 1.78K local velocity measurements were performed at different superfluid density fractions. The results show a classic behaviour of the He II energy cascade at large scales while, at smaller scales, a deviation has been observed. The occurence of this phenomenon, which requires further investigation and modelling, is highlighted by the observed changing sign of the third order structure function of the longitudinal velocity increments. The intermittency phenomena is also observed and a quantitative analysis is carried out by measuring the scaling behaviour of the velocity increments flatness which is consistent with results obtained in Navier-Stokes fluids. This Ph.D. thesis has been carried out at the LEGI (Laboratoire des Écoulement Géophysiques et Industriels) laboratory in Grenoble and at the CEA Low Temperature Department (SBT) in Grenoble.

La fusion thermonucléaire est envisagée comme nouvelle source énergétique pratiquement inépuisable. Le projet ITER « International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor » doit démontrer la faisabilité scientifique et la maitrise de la fusion thermonucléaire. Le tungstène (W) a été choisi pour recouvrir le « divertor », un composant essentiel du réacteur ITER. Il sera soumis à des conditions extrêmes de fonctionnement : au bombardement neutronique, à d’intenses flux de chaleur et de particules (hélium, hydrogène). Ces conditions induiront dans le W des défauts et introduiront de l’hélium et de l’hydrogène, qui pourront conduire à des modifications de sa microstructure et de ses propriétés physiques, chimiques et mécaniques. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier, à l’échelle atomique, l’évolution de la microstructure du tungstène sous irradiation. Afin de simuler les atomes de recul générés par les irradiations aux neutrons, des échantillons de W ont été irradiés avec des ions lourds et/ou implantés avec de l’hélium. La nature des défauts a été étudiée à l’aide de la Spectroscopie d’Annihilation de Positons (PAS). Les résultats montrent que les irradiations aux ions lourds conduisent à la formation de monolacunes et de clusters lacunaires dont la taille et la concentration augmente avec la fluence. Des irradiations ou des recuits effectués à une température supérieure à 450 K conduisent à l’agglomération des défauts lacunaires essentiellement par migration des monolacunes. Pour des recuits à très hautes températures (1773 K), les observations MET montrent la présence de cavités nanométriques (∼10 nm). Les implantations avec les ions 4He 60 keV induisent dans le W une distribution de défauts complexes de type nHe-mv, ainsi qu’une faible concentration de monolacunes v. Une majorité de complexes He-v est formée pour la faible fluence et la fraction des défauts complexes (nHe-mv) augmente quand la fluence augmente. La nature et la distribution des défauts évolue en fonction de la température de recuit et dépend du ratio [He]/[v]. Le premier stade de recuit des défauts lacunaires (∼ 450 K) est masqué par la présence de l’hélium dans les défauts lacunaires. Pour un ratio [He]/[v] supérieur à 1, un stade d’agglomération des défauts est clairement observé à partir de 1623 K. Pour des conditions d’introduction de défauts et d’hélium proches de celles attendus dans les réacteurs de fusion (He/dpa allant de 0.03 à 8 appm He/dpa), la signature positon après irradiation est similaire à celle mesurée dans des échantillons seulement endommagés dans des conditions équivalentes mais sans introduire de l’hélium. Pour des rapports He/dpa allant de 0.3 à 8 appm He/dpa, les recuits révèlent des différences de distribution en taille et en concentration des défauts lacunaires. La présence d’hélium dans les amas lacunaires modifie les caractéristiques d’annihilation des positons et favorise la stabilisation des amas lacunaires. / Thermonuclear fusion is envisaged as a new energy source practically inexhaustible. The project ITER "International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor" must demonstrate the scientific feasibility and the control of thermonuclear fusion. Tungsten (W) has been chosen to cover the "divertor", a critical component of the ITER reactor. It will be subjected to extreme operating conditions : to the neutron bombardment, to intense fluxes of heat and particles (helium, hydrogen). These conditions will induce defects in the W and will introduce helium and hydrogen which may lead to changes in microstructure and physical, chemical and mechanical properties. The aim of this work is to study, at the atomic scale, the evolution of tungsten microstructure under irradiation. In order to simulate the recoil atoms generated by the neutron irradiation, W samples were irradiated with heavy ions and/or implanted with helium ions. The nature of the defects has been studied by using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS). The results show that irradiations with heavy ions lead to the formation of monovacancies and vacancy clusters whose size and concentration increase with the fluence. Irradiations or annealing carried out at a temperature above 450 K lead to agglomeration of vacancy defects essentially by monovacancies migration. For annealing at high temperatures (1773 K), the TEM observations indicate the presence of nanometric cavities (~ 10 nm). The implantations with 60 keV 4He ions induce in the W a distribution of complex defects like nHe-mv, as well as a low concentration of monovacancies v. A majority of complex He-v is formed for the low fluence and the fraction of complex defects (nHe-mv) increases as the flunce increases. The nature and distribution of defects evolve with annealing temperature and depend on the ratio [H]/[v]. The first stage annealing of vacancy defects (~ 450 K) is masked by the presence of helium in the vacancy defects. For a ratio [He]/[v] greater than 1, an agglomeration stage of defects is clearly observed from 1623 K. For conditions of introduction of defects and helium close to those expected in fusion reactors (He/dpa from 0.03-8 appm He/dpa), positron signature after irradiation is similar to that measured in samples damaged in equivalent conditions without introducing helium. For ratio He/dpa from 0.3 to 8 appm He/dpa, the annealing reveal differences in size distribution and concentration of vacancy defects. The presence of helium in the vacancy clusters changes the annihilation characteristics of positron and favors to stabilize the vacancy clusters.

Soluções não-adiabáticas em coordenadas hiperesférica para sistemas coulombianos de três corpos são apresentadas. Energias altamente precisas para o estado fundamental do hélio são obtidas, pela primeira vez, no método adiabática hiperesferico (HAA). Com a inclusão de somente três curvas de potencial e os correspondentes acoplamentos, precisão de partes por milhão foram obtidas. Concluímos que o HAA, usado exaustivamente para descrever semi-quantitativamente sistemas atômicos e moleculares, não está mais obstruído pela falata de prescrição para se obter funções de onda de precisão arbritária para sitemas coulombianos. / Non-adiabatic solutions for the Coulombic three-body systems in hyperspherical coordinates are presented. Highly accurated energies for the helium ground state are obtained, by the first time, in the hyperspherical adiabatic approach (HAA). With the inclusion of only three potential curves and the corresponding couplings, precision of parts per million have been achieved. We conclude that the HAA, exhaustively used to describe semi-quantitatively both molecular and atomic systems, is no longer more hampered by the lack of prescription for the obtainment of arbitrary precision wave functions for Coulombic systems.

A energia não adiabática do estado fundamental para o átomo de hélio é obtida com o formalismo adiabático hiperesférico (HAA). Curvas de potencial, acoplamentos não adiabáticos e funções de canal são calculados por um procedimento numericamente exato baseado em uma expansão analítica das funções de canal. As equações radiais acopladas são resolvidas por técnicas usuais. A convergência do procedimento é investigada conforme os acoplamentos não adiabáticos são sistematicamente introduzidos. Com a inclusão, pela primeira vez, de onze curvas de potencial e funções de canal obtém-se uma energia para o estado fundamental que difere do melhor cálculo variacional por 0.1 partes por milhão. As forças de oscilador para as transições discretas do hélio na \"length-form\" e \"acceleration-form\" também são calculadas. Concluímos que o HAA não está mais obstruído pela falta de uma prescrição para se obter funções de onda de precisão arbitrária para sistemas coulombianos. / The nonadiabatic ground state for the helium atom is obtained with the hyperspherical adiabatic approach (HAA). Potential curves, nonadiabatic couplings, and channel functions are calculated by a numerically exact procedure based on the analytical expansion of the channel functions. The coupled radial equations are solved by standard techniques. The convergence of the procedure is investigated as nonadiabatic couplings are systematically introduced. The inclusion, for the first time, of eleven potential curves and channel functions gives a groundstate energy that differs from the best variational calculation by 0.1 parts per million. The oscillator strength for the discrete helium transitions in the length-form and acceleration-form are also presented. We conclude that the HAA is no longer hampered by the lack of prescription for the obtainment of arbitrary precision wave functions for Coulombic systems.

Orientador: Maurice de Koning / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T09:46:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LandinezBorda_EdgarJosue_D.pdf: 16266231 bytes, checksum: 7240bfb0050d5a5b6df4d1741c7e9f54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta Tese aborda o problema de determinar propriedades mecânicas fundamentais de 4 He solido na fase hcp usando simulação atomística. Tais propriedades têm sido associadas à possível existência de uma fase cristalina superfluida conhecida como super-solidez. Embora experimentos sofisticados investigando propriedades mecânicas do Hélio sólido têm sido realizados, os resultados dependem da dinâmica microscópica que nem sempre é acessível experimentalmente. Desta maneira as interpretações dos experimentos ficam sujeitos a debates. Neste contexto a modelagem atomística é uma ferramenta útil para fornecer informação qualitativa e quantitativa do comportamento atomístico das propriedades mecânicas. Através de Monte Carlo de integrais de trajetória (PIMC) calculamos a resistência ideal de cisalhamento e tensão de Peierls de uma discordância screw para este sólido quântico protótipo. A resistência ideal estabelece um limite teórico superior de comportamento elástico do material. É a máxima tensão que um cristal livre de defeitos pode suportar, sem produzir uma deformação plástica. Os reultados mostram que o limite de resistência ideal é acompanhado pela nucleação homogênea de uma falha de empilhamento. A resistência ideal é anisotrçopica no plano basal, mas esta anísotropia é bem descrita pela lei de Schmid, que é baseida em conceitos clássicos. Além disso, a comparação do valor da resistência ideal com os de um conjunto grande de cristais clássicos mostra que os resultados para 4 H e estão bem descritos pelo modelo Frenkel-Orowan modificado, que também se baiseia em conceitos puramente clássicos. Em relação às propierdades de discordância, investigamos a estrutura do caroço e a tensão de Peierls para a discordância screw no plano basal. Os resultados mostram uma forte tendência de dissociação e uma tensão de Peierls da ordem e 0.4 bar e estão totalmente consistentes com o comportamento em sólidos clássicos. Assim, os resultados da Tese mostram que, mesmo em regimes de temperatura onde a fase líquida é superfluida, o ordenamento cristalino parece suprimir os efeitos quânticos resposáveis pela super-fluidez no líquido. / Abstract: This Thesis addresses a number of issues related to the determination of the fundamental mechanical properties of hcp 4 He. These properties have been linked to the possible existence of a superfluid crystalline phase know as supersolid. While many sophisticated experiments have investigated these properties, their results often require assumptions regarding the underlying processes on the atomic scale which are not accessible experimentally. In this way, the experimental interpretations often remain subject of debate. In this context, atomistic modeling is a useful tool that allows one to obtain both qualitative as well quantitative information about these processes. Using Path-integral Monte Carlo simulations we compute the ideal shear strength (ISS), as well as the structure and mobility parameteres for the screw dislocation for this prototypical quantum solid. The ideal shear strength represents a theoretical upper limit of the elastic response of a crystal, being defined as the maximum stress a defect-free crystal can withstand before deforming plastically. Our resuls show that the ISS limit is accompanied by the homogeneous nucleation of a stacking fault. Furthermore, the ISS on the basal plane is found to be anisotropic, although the anisotropy is well described by Schmid¿s law of resolved shear stress. In addition, comparison of the intrinsic ISS value to values of a large set of classical crystals shows that the results for 4 He are well described by the modified Frenkel-Orowan model, which is also based on purely classical concepts. Considering dislocation properties, we investigate the core structure and Peierls stress for the screw dislocation in the basal plane. The results show a strong dissociation tendency of the core and a Peierls stress of the order of 0.4 bar, consistent with the behavior of classical solids. Accordingly the results of this Thesis show that, even in the temperature regime where the liquid phase is superfluid the crystalline order seems to suppress the quantum effects for the liquid superfluidity / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Incident ¹H⁺ and ⁴He⁺ ions at 0.3-2.6 MeV and ¹⁹F^q⁺ ions at 25, 27 and 35 MeV were used to study the M-shell x-ray production cross sections of Au, Pb, Bi and U. For the incident fluorine ions, projectile charge state dependence of the cross sections were extracted from measurements made with varying target thicknesses ( ~1 to ~300 μg/cm²). The efficiency of the Si(Li) detector was determined by measuring the K-shell x-ray production of various low Z elements and comparing these values to the prediction of the CPSS theory. The experimental results are compared to the prediction of first Born approximation for direct ionization to the continuum and to the OBK of Nikolaev for the electron capture to the K-, L-, M-...shells of the incident ion. Comparison is also made with the ECPSSR theory that accounts for the energy loss, Coulomb deflection, and relativistic effects in the perturbed stationary state theory.

En conditions de stockage définitif, la désintégration a des radionucléides (produits en réacteur) induit desdommages dans le combustible nucléaire usé. Cet endommagement, et les déformations associées, doivent êtreétudiés pour évaluer correctement la tenue et l'évolution à long terme des pastilles de combustible. La démarcheproposée dans cette thèse pour réaliser cette étude consiste :- à simuler la désintégration a par une implantation d'ions hélium dans une couche fine, en surface depolycristaux d'U02 j- à mesurer les déformations qui en résultent par des techniques de diffraction aux rayons X : la macrodiffractionpour une mesure moyenne dans la couche implantée, la microdiffraction, produite par un rayonnementsynchrotron, pour des mesures très localisées, à l'intérieur des grains d'un polycristal d'U02.L'étude des déformations en fonction de la dose implantée permet de d'évaluer les effets des dégâts d'irradiationsur des durées de stockage de plusieurs milliers d'années.De nouvelles méthodes d'analyse ont été mises au point pour interpréter automatiquement les milliers de clichésde microdiffraction et en déduire la mesure des déformations dans la couche implantée. Un modèle mécaniquea été construit pour rendre compte des mesures avec une grande précision, équivalente à la précision expérimentale.Ce modèle permet de mesurer le gonflement induit par les dommages d'irradiation pour des endommagementsallant jusqu'à 0,77 dpa. Les valeurs mesurées sont comparables à des résultats de la littérature, obtenus sur despastilles auto-irradiées. Il a également permis de quantifier l'augmentation avec l'endommagement de l'anisotropieélastique de l'U02.La microdif / During long term storage of spent nuclear fuel, the a-decays of radionuclides produced by the in-pile irradiationinduces damages in pellets. These damages, and the resulting strains, must be studied in order to assess correctlythe long term evolution of fuel pellets. The approach chosan here is :- to simulate the a-decays by He ion implantation j- to measure the resulting straÏns using X ray diffraction techniques : macrodiffraction for average measurements,and synchrotron radiation based micro diffraction for local measurements inside grains.The study of strains as a function of ion implantation Huency enables to evaluated irradiation damages overthousands of storage yearB.New analytical methods have been developed to automatically interpret thousands of microdiffraction patterns,and to deduce strain into the implanted layer. Mechanical modeling bas been used to accurately predictmeasurements. This model enables to measure the isotropie swelling induced by helium implantation in a lowdamage range (below 0.77 dpa). Measured values are close to results previously reported in literature on selfirradiated pellets. This model also allowed to quantify the increase with damage of U02 elastic aniBOtropy.X ray microdiffraction is a powerful technique to map the strRin fields within grains. This enables to study theinfluence of neighboring grains on the measured straÏns. This influence remains negligible (below the measurementaccuracy) for low depth helium implantation (60 keV). For deeper belium implaotations (500 aod 1500 keV), thisis not anymore the case : strains are very heterogeneous in the vicinity of gYRin boundaries.

Zeeman deceleration is an experimental technique which allows for the manipulation of open-shell atoms and molecules in a supersonic beam thus producing mK-cold, velocity-tunable beams of particles in selected quantum states. The method relies on the Zeeman interaction between paramagnetic particles and time-varying, inhomogeneous magnetic fields generated by pulsing high currents through an array of solenoid coils. This thesis describes the construction and implementation of a supersonic beam setup including a 12-stage Zeeman decelerator. The Zeeman decelerator follows an original design that makes it possible to replace individual deceleration coils. Using ground-state hydrogen atoms as a test system, it is shown that the transverse acceptance in a Zeeman decelerator can be significantly increased by generating a rather low, temporally varying quadrupole field in one of the solenoid coils. An electron-impact source was constructed and optimised enabling, for the first time, the Zeeman deceleration of metastable helium atoms in the 23S1 state, with an up to 40 % decrease in the kinetic energy of the beam. It is shown that the pulse duration for electron-impact excitation needs to be matched to the acceptance of the decelerator in order to attain a good contrast between the decelerated and undecelerated parts of the beam. Experimental results are rigorously analysed and interpreted using three-dimensional numerical particle trajectory simulations. A phase-space model provides, for the first time, a means to estimate the six-dimensional phase-space acceptance in a Zeeman decelerator and to find optimum parameter sets for improved Zeeman deceleration schemes. The approach also reveals a hitherto unconsidered velocity dependence of the phase stability which is ascribed mainly to the rise and fall times of the current pulses that generate the magnetic fields inside the deceleration coils. In the future, it is planned to combine the Zeeman decelerator with a source of cold atomic and molecular ions to study chemical collisions at low temperatures. A hybrid magnetic guide consisting of permanent magnet assemblies (Halbach arrays) in hexapole configuration and a set of current-carrying wires is proposed and simulated as an interface between these setups. The design promises very efficient velocity selection, a high degree of quantum-state selection and a nearly complete removal of residual carrier gas. Prospects for using magnetic hexapole focusing in front of the Zeeman decelerator are discussed. The work represents a major step towards the study and control of chemical reactivity of paramagnetic species in the low-temperature regime and it will help in the testing of fundamental chemical reaction theories.

Cette thèse a pour objectif l’étude comparée de la turbulence isotherme en hélium I (HeI, fluide classique) et en hélium II (HeII, dont une partie du fluide est inviscide) par une analyse lagrangienne. Les analogies et/ou différences du comportement dynamique en écoulement classique ou superfluide devraient ainsi nous renseigner sur les caractéristiques multi-échelles intrinsèques de la turbulence. Ce type de recherche, qui constituait une première mondiale en début de thèse, semble promis à un bel avenir (à titre d'exemple, des mesures similaires de suivi lagrangien en HeI/HeII, en aval d’un barreau oscillant, sont actuellement en cours à Charles Université, Prague).Nous avons opté pour l’écoulement canonique de grille oscillante car il est isotrope, sans vitesse moyenne (autorisant ainsi un temps d’observation long) et homogène par plan. Nous basons nos mesures sur la visualisation de microsphères creuses de verre, dont la densité est voisine de celle de l’hélium liquide. Cette expérience étant nouvelle, il a fallu procéder à sa conception et à son dimensionnement, à sa mise en place ainsi qu'à sa calibration. Le cryostat que l’on a conçu est entièrement en verre, permettant ainsi une observation multi-angles de l’écoulement. Le système de visualisation utilisé est basé sur l'imagerie haute cadence en éclairage "backlight" (diffusion avant). A partir de la reconstruction des trajectoires des particules, nous avons pu réaliser des analyses lagrangiennes à une particule (à un temps et à deux temps), mais aussi étudier la dispersion relative de paires de particules.La résolution spatiale et temporelle de nos mesures nous a permis de pleinement caractériser les échelles inertielles de la turbulence, tandis que les échelles sont plus marginalement résolues. Dans ces conditions, nous trouvons que les caractéristiques de la turbulence en HeI sont en accord avec les mesures de la littérature dans des écoulements similaires en fluide classique. Ce même comportement est également observé en HeII. / This thesis aims at comparing the isothermal turbulence in Helium I (HeI, classical fluid) and in Helium II (HeII, which has one inviscid component) through a Lagrangian analysis. Analogies and/or differences between the classical and superfluid behaviors are expected to shed new light on the intrinsic multi-scale properties of turbulence. This is a pioneering study, as no similar cryogenic experiment had been performed prior to this thesis, which opens a full range of possible future studies (as an example, similar measurements of Lagrangian tracking in the wake of an oscillating cylinder, are currently in progress at Charles University in Prague). We opted for an oscillating grid turbulence generation, which produces isotropic and homogeneous (per plane) turbulence, with no mean velocity (hence allowing longer observation times). As tracers we use hollow glass microspheres, which are almost neutrally buoyant in liquid Helium. This being a new facility, significant effort was dedicated to the design and the tailoring of the experiment, its implementation and the calibration of the flow. The cryostat hosting the experiment is fully transparent (made of glass), allowing visualization at multiple angles. Measurements were performed using high speed imaging in backlight illumination. Particle trajectories were reconstructed using Lagrangian tracking, from which we performed analysis of single particle statistics (single time and two times) as well as relative dispersion of pairs of particles. The spatial and temporal resolution of our measurements give us access to the dynamics of the flow at inertial scales, while dissipative scales are marginally resolved. In these conditions, we find that turbulence in HeI behaves in agreement with previous results obtained in similar flows using classical fluids. Interestingly, the same turbulence properties stands also for superfluid conditions.

Denna studies syfte är att undersöka hur elevers möjlighet till språklig utveckling och utveckling av litterär repertoar kan påverkas av läsning av långserieböcker och det innehåll som de tillhörande lärarhandledningarna lyfter fram. Vidare kommer en diskussion om lärarens kompensatoriska uppdrag att föras i förhållande till läsintresse, litterär repertoar och lärarhandledningarnas didaktiska val. Långserierna som undersöks är LasseMajas Detektivbyrå, PAX, Handbok för superhjältar och Musse & Helium. Frågeställningarna rör långserieböckernas litterära repertoarer utifrån berättarteknisk analys med en litteraturvetenskaplig begreppsapparat. Ytterligare frågeställning handlar om den kvantitativa språkutvecklingen i långserierna där ramverket LIX används, samt hur det tas tillvara på som undervisningsmöjligheter i böckernas lärarhandledningar. Tidigare forskning visar att skönlitteratur har en tydlig plats i skolans tidiga år och att både lärarens didaktiska val och elevernas intresse spelar roll för att skapa möjligheter till läsglädje och läsutveckling. Vidare belyser olika forskare att långserieböckernas karaktäristiska drag kan ses som både positiva och negativa för läsutveckling. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter grundar sig i Rosenblatt, Langer och McCormicks resonemang om mötet mellan läsaren och texten samt textens repertoar. I de teoretiska utgångspunkterna återfinns även en litteraturvetenskaplig begreppsapparat och ramverket LIX vilka fungerar som analysverktyg i studien.  Undersökningen av långserieböckerna gjordes först genom en berättarteknisk analys. Därefter jämfördes böckerna i de utvalda serierna med varandra och en analys av den litterära repertoarens utvecklingen gjordes utifrån en litteraturvetenskaplig begreppsapparat. Den språkliga komplexiteten undersöktes med hjälp av en LIX-räknare och värdena jämfördes mellan böckerna inom samma serie.  En slutsats som kan dras av studien är att långserieböckerna inte kan avfärdas som genre av böcker utan att böckerna behöver ses som individuella skönlitterära verk med olika litterära repertoarer där deras tillhörande lärarhandledningar uppvisar varierande brister i hur möjligheter till utveckling av den litterära och allmänna repertoaren tas tillvara. Elevernas möjlighet till språklig utveckling och utveckling av litterära repertoar beror således mycket på hur läraren väljer att kompensera för de brister som verken och lärarhandledningarna uppvisar.  Vidare forskning skulle kunna behandla serierna som helhet för att möjliggöra slutsatser om de förändringar som observerats är kontinuerliga eller slumpmässiga.