Depuis quelques années, nous assistons à de profondes mutations économiques qui impliquent un changement de frontières organisationnelles. On constate que le mode de fonctionnement inter-organisationnel est de plus en plus pertinent, il est ainsi présenté comme le périmètre adéquat de mise en œuvre des nouvelles formes de gouvernance au service de l'innovation. Les travaux de recherche effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat s'inscrivent dans ce contexte et concernent les pôles de compétitivité, ainsi que les projets collaboratifs s'y rattachant. Travailler en mode collaboratif implique la multiplicité et la découverte de nouveaux modes de fonctionnement des uns et des autres. La collaboration inter-organisationnelle engage une multitude d'acteurs différents, ayant des rythmes de travail aussi divers que variés, des cultures d'entreprises différentes, des compétences différentes et complémentaires, etc. Les pôles de compétitivité supposent que les adhérents soient dans une posture de collaboration. La mise en réseau des entreprises et organisations adhérentes aux pôles nécessite de travailler ensemble et collaborer sur des missions et projets communs. Or, la gestion des ressources humaines au sein d'un pôle de compétitivité n'est pas simple : nous l'avons énoncé plus haut, les populations en présence ont des statuts et des cultures très différents (chercheurs, entrepreneurs, salariés, etc.), la plupart des personnes associées aux pôles ne sont ni dirigées, ni rémunérées par celui-ci, l'organisation du travail sur des projets de Recherche & Développement collaboratif est spécifique. Chaque structure adhérente a des spécificités et enjeux différents. Qu'en est-il alors de la collaboration au sein d'un pôle de compétitivité ? Quelle GRH y observe-t-on ? Celle-ci favorise-t-elle la collaboration entre adhérents ? / During those recent years, we have witnessed profound economic changes that involved a change in organizational boundaries. It is found that the mode of inter-organizational functioning is increasingly relevant, it is presented as the appropriate scope of implementation of new forms of governance for innovation. The research conducted as part of this thesis are part of that context and relate to clusters, as well as collaborative projects related thereto. Working in collaborative mode involves the multiplicity and the discovery of new modes of operation of each other. The inter-organizational collaboration engages a multitude of different actors, working with rhythms as diverse and varied, different corporate cultures, of different and complementary skills, etc.. The clusters assume that members are in a posture of cooperation. The networking of companies and organizations adhering to the poles requires to work together and collaborate on assignments and projects. However, the human resource management within a cluster is not simple: we stated above, the populations in the presence of status and have very different cultures (researchers, entrepreneurs, employees, etc.. ), most people on the poles are neither technically nor paid by the latter, the organization of work on projects of collaborative R & D is specific. Each structure has specific adherent and different challenges. What then of collaboration in a cluster? HRM can observe how does one? It promotes Does collaboration between members?

HRM innefattas av bemanningsarbete och hur man tillämpar detta genom strategiska arbetssätt (SHRM). Syftet med studien var att se hur åtta olika enheter arbetar med bemanningsfrågor och frågeställning var hur enheterna lyckas implementera bemanningsarbetet i linje med deras visioner, strategiska och praktiska arbetssätt. Resultatet visade två centrala delar, kvalité och internt samarbete som enheterna har som vision. Strategiskt och praktiskt sett finns där likheter och skillnader i bemanningsarbetet. Däremot om man lyckas implementera enhetliga definitioner av vad bemanningsarbete är samt att enheterna samarbetar mellan varandra och nyttjar varandras erfarenhet och kompetens, kan detta skapa godare förutsättningar för att nå upp till kommunens vision om ett bemanningsarbete som är garanterad, kostnadseffektiv och som lever upp till kundens behov.

Cette recherche porte sur le concept de la capacité d’absorption, et les mécanismes de gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) susceptibles de favoriser l’acquisition des connaissances en provenance d’un partenaire étranger au sein d’une alliance stratégique au Maroc. Nous avons tenté de repérer quelques pratiques de GRH sur lesquelles les responsables peuvent s’appuyer afin de développer une capacité d’assimilation et d’exploitation des connaissances et savoir-faire de leurs partenaires étrangers. Durant la première partie de cette recherche, nous avons réalisé un état de l’art sur les concepts des alliances stratégiques, de la capacité d’absorption et la gestion stratégique des ressources. Cette revue de littérature nous a permis d’établir trois hypothèses concernant la compétence et la motivation des employés ; ces deux axes sont présentés comme vecteurs majeurs en vue de l’acquisition d’une capacité d’absorption. Pour tester ces hypothèses, nous avons choisi une méthodologie qualitative, et des entretiens de face à face avec des dirigeants des sociétés de l’industrie aéronautique au Maroc. Ce secteur connaît actuellement un essor sans précédent et dans lequel nous pouvons observer les enjeux du transfert des connaissances. L’examen empirique des hypothèses a permis d’appuyer le rôle de la compétence des employés. Cette dernière peut être favorisée en premier lieu par la formation et en second lieu par l’évaluation. Le second axe étant la motivation du personnel à acquérir de nouvelles connaissances, elle peut être favorisée en premier lieu par la communication interne et en second lieu par une rémunération basée sur la performance. Ces résultats peuvent faire l’objet de recommandations pratiques aux dirigeants des sociétés industrielles au Maroc, afin de s’approprier les savoir-faire des sociétés étrangères en vue de confirmer la croissance économique queconnaît actuellement plusieurs secteurs économiques dans ce pays. / This research focuses on the concept of absorptive capacity, and the HRM mechanisms that can support knowledge acquisition from a foreign partner in strategic alliances in Morocco. We tried to identify some HRM practices on which managers can rely in order to obtain a capacity of assimilation and exploitation of knowledge and know-how of their foreign partners. During the first part of that research, we realized a state of the art on the concepts of strategic alliances, of the absorptive capacity and strategic HRM. This literature review has identified three assumptions about the competences andmotivation of employees. These two dimensions are presented as major vectors for the acquisition of absorptive capacity. To test these hypotheses, we chose a qualitative methodology and face to face interviews with company executives in the aviation industry in Morocco, this sector is experiencing unprecedented growth and in which we can observe the issues of transfer knowledge. The empirical examination of the assumptions has supported the role of employee competences. The latter can be promoted primarily through training and secondly by the evaluation. The second dimension is the motivation to acquire new knowledge, it can be promoted primarily by internal communication and secondly by a performance-based compensation. These results can be objects of practical recommendations to the leaders of industrial companies in Morocco, to acquire the expertise of foreign companies in order to confirm the economic growth currently being experienced several economic sectors in that country.

Att människan är företagets viktigaste resurs vidhåller många organisationer i det moderna arbetslivet. Ett företags HR-avdelning ansvarar för att hantera alla frågor som rör de anställda i en organisation, såsom kompetensförsörjning, ledarskapsutveckling, arbetsmiljö- och lönefrågor. HR-arbetet har under de senaste decennierna genomgått en transformation från administrativ stödfunktion till strategisk affärspartner, och ska existensberättigas genom ett ständigt värdeskapande mot företagets affärsmål. I Sverige ansvarar HR-funktionen också för att säkerställa en strategi för de organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljöproblem som under 2010- talet legat till grund för landets kraftigt ökade sjukskrivningar orsakade av detta. Forskning visar att ledarskapet är en faktor som har stor betydelse för medarbetarnas hälsa. I vår studie har vi undersökt HR-chefers upplevelser av sin roll, och analyserat vilka resurser HR-cheferna är beroende av för att skapa inflytande i sitt arbete. Studiens analytiska verktyg har utgjorts av teorier om styrningsfilosofi, Bourdieus kapitalteori, Ostroms teori om kollektivt handlande samt Dave Ulrichs transformationskoncept Värdeskapande HR. Vi har utfört åtta tematiska intervjuer med kvinnor verksamma som HR-chefer. Resultatet visar att samtliga HR-chefer i vår studie har inslag av både mjuk och hård HRM i sitt arbete, men att tyngdpunkten mellan perspektiven varierar mellan cheferna. Samspelet mellan HR-chefens och organisationfältets aktörer påverkar möjligheterna för HR-cheferna att skapa inflytande och att nå ett värdeskapande HR-arbetssätt där kollektivt handlande och organisationens affärsmål står i fokus. Detta står i direkt beroende av HR-chefens sociala och kulturella kapital, samt hur det används och efterfrågas av organisationsfältets aktörer. / Many organizations in modern working life holds their employees as their most important resource. The human resources (HR) department is responsible for managing all questions relating to the employees in an organization, such as talent management, supply of competence, leadership development, work environment and payroll issues. Over the past decades, the HR work organization has undergone a transformation; from being an administrative support function, to the present and modern role as a strategic business partner, where the existence of the HR function must be legitimized through constant value creation by working strategically towards the company's business goals. In Sweden, the HR department is also responsible for ensuring a strategy to manage the organizational and social workplace health problems. Since 2010, sickness absence due to these problems has increased dramatically in the country. Extensive research and science studies from the past decade, shows that the leadership has considerable impact on the state of health of the employees. We have studied HR managers’ experiences of their role, and analyzed which varieties of resources that they depend on to create influence in their work. The fundament in our analyze, is a set of scientific theories, which consists of contrasting organization theories, Bourdieu's capital theory, Ostrom's theory of collective action and Dave Ulrich's transformation concept; The HR Value Proposition. We have carried out eight thematic interviews with women in the position of HR manager. The result shows that all HR managers in our study practices elements of both soft and hard HRM in their work, but that the main emphasis between perspectives varies amongst the managers. The interaction between HR managers and organizational stakeholders effects the HR manager’s prospects to generate influence and to achieve a value-creating HR approach that focuses on collective action and the business goals of the organization. This circumstance also stands in direct reliance to the HR manager's amount of social and cultural capital, as well as how they are used and demanded by the organizational stakeholders.

There have been suggestions in recent times that the traditional criteria for defining professions is outmoded and inappropriate particularly in relation to the new professions, such as Human Resource Management (HRM). Evans (2008b) has suggested that a more appropriate evaluation is in terms of a commitment to professional development and has identified that this commitment be referred to as ‘developmentalism’. There are a number of ways in which professional development can occur and while traditionally this involved almost exclusively, formal experiences, such as courses, current thinking is now moving towards utilising more accessible, practice based, non-formal mechanisms. The research presented in this thesis investigates how non-formal learning is used to contribute to a climate of developmentalism by Human Resource (HR) practitioners. For this purpose, 17 in-depth semi-structured-interviews with a purposively selected sample of HR practitioners were conducted. The transcripts were analysed based on the four step process of phenomenographic analysis suggested by Marton (1994) cited by Schroder et al (2005) and Soon and Barnard (2002), to discover the qualitatively different ways in which HR practitioners describe, experience, understand and analyse their professional development and the use of non-formal learning in that development. What emerged from the analysis were two sets of categories of description; one for each of the phenomena namely professional development and non-formal learning. In addition, an outcome space for each of the phenomena emerged, illustrating the hierarchical relationship within each set of categories of description as well as the dimensions of variation relating to the phenomena. Also emerging from the analysis was a conceptualised model for professional development comprising non-formal learning using a heutagogical approach in conjunction with the empirically developed HR professionality continuum as a record of achievement. This model is offered as a means of encouraging HR practitioners to participate in professional development. Several recommendations arose from this research, and it is anticipated that these recommendations will be of interest to HR practitioners, their employers, HR educators, and the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD).

This thesis deals with entry analysis of frame of personnel work in the T-SOFT company which is followed by the evaluation of job satisfaction of its employees concerning separate aspects of work-life e.g. motivation instruments, social relationships on site, system of education or possibility of participating in the system of company's management. Lastly, this thesis provides some recommendations for development of HR processes and their integration into the system of company's management.

The topic of this thesis is reward management and its application in a small-sized IT enterprise. Its goals are to properly document and describe current reward system in the company, evaluate the system and recommend improvements for the system. The first two goals are reached via thorough research of the company through semi-structured interviews, employee satisfaction survey, participant observation and document examination and the last one by applying principles from the current literature and education to the results of the two previous goals. The findings are that the reward system, despite growing organically instead of designed, is relatively effective in some areas, but needs improvement in other areas. The main improvement areas are motivation by contingent pay, communication management and performance management. Relatively well working rewards are especially non-financial reward connected to the work environment and work itself.

The topic of what HRM (Human Resource Management) responsibilities are devolved from the HRM department to line managers has attracted much interest in recent years. We report findings from a study on the devolution of HRM practices in four POCs (Project-Oriented Companies) and argue that although HRM practices are carried out beyond the HRM department, they are also carried out beyond the line. While the literature on devolving HRM responsibilities to line management is burgeoning, the HRM responsibilities of managers beyond the line organization are neglected. We make two contributions to the literature. Firstly, our study reveals that some HRM practices are the domain of the project manager rather than either the line manager or the HRM department. The complex interplay of the roles of the HRM department, line management and project management creates challenges and pitfalls where people are managed across the boundaries of the permanent and temporary organization. We identify a potentially powerful role for the HRM department in both monitoring and guiding the different players from the line and project organizations, and in protecting the well-being of employees whose work traverses these organizational boundaries. Our second contribution is that we map the diversity of practices in different POCs for managing the interplay between the three main parties delivering HRM practices and offer project-orientation as a contextual indicator that contributes to diversity in HRM practices.

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / People analytics refer to people-related, data-driven, processes (e.g. trend analyses and data management) aimed at describing and evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of people management practices and processes in support of business outcomes in order to inform and improve people management initiatives and performance as well as business decision making.

Spridning av Covid-19 viruset har lett till en pandemi i världen där olika organisationer behöver göra anpassningar för att hantera krisen. Syftet med den här studien är att ta reda på hur en HR-enhet arbetar under en kris inom en kommun. Studien utgår från följande frågeställningar "Vilka arbetsuppgifter har HR-enheten under pågående kris?", "Vad ser HR-enheten för möjligheter för att motverka krisen och vilka svårigheter föreligger?", "Vilka utvecklingsmöjligheter finns det med HR-enhetens roll inom krishantering?". Studiens urval är sex HR-partners och en HR-chef ur en HR-enhet inom en kommun. Datainsamlingen skedde genom intervjuer. Datamaterialet bearbetades och analyserades genom färgkodning och kategorisering. Resultatet visar att HR-enheten prioriterar operativt arbete under krisen och det strategiska arbetet stannade upp. De svårigheter som föreligger är att det inte finns effektiva informationskanaler för att ha en bra dialog med chefer och att det saknas tillräckliga förkunskaper kring kris- och krishantering inom HR-enheten. Utöver detta visar resultaten på avsaknad av tydlig struktur och systematik inom krishanteringsenheterna. De möjligheter som har öppnats är att HR-enheten har testat nya sätt att kommunicera för att hålla HR-enheten igång, främst har det skett genom en digital plattform via Microsoft Teams. De utvecklingsområden som respondenterna föreslagit är att utveckla informationen både inom den egna enheten och till chefer och anställda inom olika förvaltningar, bland annat FAQ. Respondenterna lyfter även vikten av tydlig struktur och systematik för att underlätta informationsdelning och APT. Utöver detta lyfter respondenterna förslag kring erfarenhetsutbyte för att öka kunskapen kring kris och krishantering. HR-enheten har endast arbetat operativt under krisen vilket inte stämmer överens med tidigare forskning. Med krisen finns ingen garanti för att HR-enhetens arbete effektiviseras men att det finns utvecklingspotential inom olika områden. Enligt forskningen kommer det att krävas en liknande kris för att se över ifall det har skett en utveckling inom HR-enhetens arbete.