Orientadores: Luciana Bolsoni Lourenço, Carmen Silvia Busin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T12:08:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gatto_KalebPretto_M.pdf: 33988822 bytes, checksum: 7e3f3565dac9a540ea7c353f51068d4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Biologia Celular / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Orientador: Vera Lúcia Gil da Silva Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T02:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sgardioli_IlariaCristina_M.pdf: 3234786 bytes, checksum: cb2f0f67f9d7df7814742dbf6ed4fb44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A Síndrome Velocardiofacial (SVCF), uma das formas do espectro da Síndrome de deleção 22q11.2, possui incidência de 1/4.000 a 1/6.000 nascimentos. Embora a microdeleção em 22q11.2 seja a principal causa da síndrome, cerca de 10 a 20% dos pacientes com características clínicas da SVCF não a apresentam. Em alguns indivíduos com características clinicas da SVCF e sem microdeleção em 22q11.2, foram encontradas outras aberrações cromossômicas e mutações no gene TBX1. Existem evidências em modelos animais que aventam a associação de alterações no gene FGF8 ao fenótipo da SVCF em humanos. No entanto, até o momento, o gene FGF8 ainda não havia sido estudado em pacientes com SVCF sem microdeleção. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1 - investigar as causas genéticas em pacientes com suspeita clínica da SVCF por meio de cariótipo e triagem de microdeleções, utilizando a técnica de MLPA e FISH; 2 - verificar a presença de alterações nas seqüências codificantes dos genes TBX1 e FGF8 em pacientes sem deleção 22q11.2. Foram incluídos 109 indivíduos com suspeita clínica de SVCF avaliados clinicamente por médico geneticista e os métodos utilizados foram: cariótipo com bandas G; MLPA, FISH; seqüenciamento direto das regiões codificantes dos genes TBX1 e FGF8 e SNP-array. Dos 101 casos em que o exame de cariótipo foi realizado, quatro apresentaram aberrações cromossômicas não relacionadas à SVCF, sendo que em duas foi possível a confirmação dos resultados por SNP-array. Realizou-se MLPA de 106 casos, sendo que 29 foram positivos para a deleção. Dos casos negativos, selecionou-se 31 indivíduos após reavaliação clínico-dismorfológica com a hipótese clínica mantida e foi realizado seqüenciamento das regiões codificantes dos genes TBX1 e FGF8. No gene TBX1 foram encontradas variações normais na seqüência e no gene FGF8 não foram detectadas alterações, com exceção dos exons 1 e 2, em que não foi possível análise por problemas técnicos. O exame de cariótipo contribuiu na investigação inicial e permitiu concluir a investigação por outras técnicas. O MLPA se mostrou eficiente para a investigação diagnóstica da deleção 22q11.2, identificando, também, outras alterações; FISH confirmou 82,1% dos resultados obtidos por MLPA. Não foram identificadas alterações patogênicas nas regiões codificantes dos genes TBX1 e em 90% das regiões codificantes do gene FGF8 / Abstract: Velocardiofacial Syndrome (SVCF), one of the forms of the 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome spectrum, has an incidence of 1/4.000 to 1/6.000 births. Although the 22q11.2 microdeletion is the main cause of the syndrome, approximately 10 to 20% of the patients with clinical features of SVCF don't present it. In a few individuals with SVCF clinical features and without 22q11.2 microdeletion other chromosomal aberrations and changes in TBX1 gene were found. There is evidence in animal models that suggests the associated changes in FGF8 gene in humans. However, the FGF8 gene had not been studied in patients with SVCF without microdeletion yet. The purpose of this work was: 1 - To investigate the genetic causes in patients with clinical suspicion of SVCF through the karyotype and microdeletion screening using MLPA and FISH techniques; 2 - To check the presence of changes in coding sequences of the TBX1 gene and FGF8 gene in patients without 22q11.2 deletion. 109 individuals with clinical suspicion of SVCF and clinically evaluated by a clinical geneticist were included, and the following methods were used: karyotype with GTG banding, MLPA, FISH, direct sequencing of coding regions of TBX1 and FGF8 gene and SNP-array. Four out of 102 cases in which the tests of karyotype were performed presented chromosomal aberrations not related to SVCF, two of them confirmed by SNP-array. The MLPA of 106 cases was performed, 29 of them positive to deletion. 31 individuals were selected among negative cases, after clinical reevaluation based on the same clinical hypothesis maintained, and direct sequencing of coding regions of TBX1 and FGF8 gene were performed. Normal variations in sequence were found in TBX1 gene and alterations were not detected in FGF8 gene except for 1 and 2 exons because of technical problems. The karyotype test contributed in the first investigation and permitted us to conclude the investigation by means of other techniques. The MLPA proved to be effective for the diagnostic investigation of 22q11.2 deletion, identifying other alterations as well; FISH confirmed 82,1% results obtained by MLPA. Pathogenic alterations in coding regions of TBX1 gene and in 90% of the coding regions of FGF8 gene were not identified / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Orientadores: Karina Lucas da Silva Brandão, André Victor Lucci Freitas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T17:32:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Seraphim_Noemy_M.pdf: 28481674 bytes, checksum: 287c682142f5d5cd09f6635fbb8a291f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O gênero Hermeuptychia Forster (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Euptychiina) está amplamente distribuído no continente Americano, desde a Argentina até o sul dos Estados Unidos. O gênero foi anteriormente considerado um complexo de espécies, e atualmente são reconhecidas oito espécies . Todas as espécies possuem um padrão alar muito parecido, o que compromete a identificação taxonômica correta. Em adição, a posição filogenética do gênero dentro da subtribo Euptychiina permanece incerta. Para o presente estudo foram obtidos espécimens de 45 localidades de cinco países, com maior ênfase em uma amostragem no Brasil. Três marcadores moleculares, dois do DNA mitocondrial (cox1 5' e nad6) e um do DNA nuclear (RpS5) foram utilizados para gerar hipóteses filogenéticas (Máxima Parcimônia e Inferência Bayesiana), para delimitar espécies, e para gerar estimativas de tempo de divergência e distribuição ancestral. Adicionalmente, o desempenho da região anterior da cox1 como 'barcode - código de barras' para delimitar as espécies de Hermeuptychia foi testado. Além disso, análise morfológica da genitália masculina foi empregada para a delimitação e identificação de espécies. Os indivíduos amostrados agruparam-se em dez clados nas análises moleculares, correspondendo a sete espécies reconhecidas mais H. gisella, que havia sido anteriormente sinonimizada com H. cucullina. A análise morfológica dos indivíduos possibilitou o estabelecimento de caracteres diagnósticos para todas as espécies de Hermeuptychia - incluindo H. cucullina, que não está presente nas análises moleculares - e concordou com os agrupamentos obtidos através das análises moleculares. As relações filogenéticas entre as espécies de Hermeuptychia permanecem incertas, possivelmente devido a um padrão de evolução rápida, descrito anteriormente para outros Satyrini. Entretanto, dois grupos de espécies-irmãs podem ser identificados, H. pimpla + H. harmonia, e H. gisella + H. fallax, ambos sustentados por ocorrência simpátrica. Em adição, H. gisella e H. fallax parecem apresentar um isolamento reprodutivo incompleto, com formação de híbridos. Algumas espécies de Hermeuptychia estão distribuídas amplamente, como H. atalanta, H. hermes e H. gisella, sendo que H. atalanta é a espécie mais comum encontrada no Brasil. H. fallax é uma espécie restrita a Mata Atlântica; H. pimpla e H. harmonia são espécies restritas à região andina, encontradas em altitudes moderadas; H. maimoune pode ser encontrada na região andina e no sul da Amazônia brasileira, correspondendo a duas espécies crípticas; H. cucullina foi encontrada no centro-oeste brasileiro e na região andina, e é a espécie mais rara de Hermeuptychia; e H. sosybius pode ser encontrada do sul dos Estados Unidos até a região norte da Colômbia. O gênero diversificou-se de seu grupo-irmão a cerca de 8,2 milhões de anos (mya), a diversificação das espécies ocorreu entre 3,5 e 1,4 mya, e a distribuição ancestral estimada é a cordilheira dos Andes. Apenas com a região 'barcode' e análise de distância usando Neighbor-Joining, foi possível separar as espécies de Hermeuptychia com uma taxa de 2% de erro. O limite entre as distâncias intra e interespecíficas estimado fica em torno de 2% de divergência genética / Abstract: The Hermeuptychia genus Forster (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) is widely distributed in the American continent, from Argentina to South United States. Previously considered a species complex, the genus presents eight valid species taxa at the moment. Wing pattern is very similar in all Hermeuptychia species resulting in difficult and prone to error taxonomic identification. Additionally its position within the subtribe Euptichiina remains uncertain. Samples from 45 locations in five countries, with major emphasis in Brazilian territory sampling, were obtained for the present study. Three molecular markers, two from mitochondrial DNA (cox1 5' and nad6) and one from nuclear DNA (RpS5), were used to generate phylogenetic hypothesis (Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference), to delimit species, and to estimate divergence time and ancestral distributions. The 'barcode' region performance (cox1 5') was tested for Hermeuptychia species. Male genitalia morphology was also used to identify and delimitate species. Sampled individuals are grouped in ten molecular clusters, corresponding to seven valid species and H. gisella, previously synonymized to H. cucullina. Morphological analysis of individuals revealed morphological diagnose traits to identify all Hermeuptychia species, including H. cucullina, which is not present in the molecular analysis, and was congruent with molecular analysis. Phylogenetic relationships among Hermeuptychia species remain unresolved due to a possible rapid evolutionary pattern common to Satyrini. However, two pairs of sister species could be identified: H. pimpla + H. harmonia and H. gisella + H. fallax, both sympatric. Additionally, H. gisella + H. fallax present incomplete reproductive isolation, with hybrids. Some Hermeuptychia are widely distributed as H. atalanta, H. hermes, and H. gisella, and H. atalanta is the most common species found in Brazil. H. fallax is restricted to Atlantic Forest; H. pimpla and H. harmonia are restricted to Andes region, at moderately high altitudes; H. maimoune is found in the Andine and in the Amazonian regions, corresponding to two cryptic species; H. cucullina is the rarest Hermeuptychia and was found in Central Brazil and in Andes; and H. sosybius is the only Hermeuptychia found in North America, been present from South United States to north Colombia. The genus diverged from its sister group around 8.2 my, species diversification occurred between 3.5 and 1.4 my and the ancestral estimate distribution is Andine region. Only the 'barcode' region was able to identify each Hermeuptychia species, with an 2% error rate and the molecular threshold for intra and interspecific distance was around 2% of genetic divergence / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ecologia

Orientador: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade EStadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T01:02:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trad_RafaelaJorge_M.pdf: 22525547 bytes, checksum: ab1b354e662d2efdfd89ddde29c10f86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O cerrado, uma formacao vegetal tipica do Brasil central, e um dos biomas com maior biodiversidade de especies, sendo classificado como um "hotspot". Atualmente, a acao antropogenica no cerrado tem causado muito desmatamento, ameacando a existencia de muitas especies. Kielmeyera Mart. & Zucc. (Clusiaceae s.l./Calophyllaceae) e um genero com aproximadamente 50 especies, das quais varias ocorrem no cerrado. Morfologicamente o genero e caracterizado por apresentar flores vistosas com corola contorta e numerosos estames, ovario trilocular e capsulas lenhosas com numerosas sementes aladas. Um dos elementos mais conspicuos do cerrado e Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc., uma especie altamente variavel morfologicamente. A especie apresenta a maior amplitude ecologica para o genero e sua distribuicao geografica coincide, em maior parte, com a distribuicao do cerrado. K. coriacea e facilmente reconhecida por apresentar suber espesso, folhas verdes caducas e aglomeradas nos apices dos ramos, padrao de venacao caracteristico e flores alvas e odoriferas. Na ultima revisao realizada para o genero Kielmeyera (Saddi 1982), a circunscricao de K. coriacea foi alterada, mas permaneceu problematica. Visando organizar a variacao, o autor propoe o reconhecimento de duas subespecies e sete variedades, formando o que e conhecido atualmente como "complexo K. coriacea". Faz parte desse complexo tambem a especie K. grandiflora (Wawra) Saddi, considerada antes uma variedade de K. coriacea. Para estudar o complexo o presente trabalho utilizou abordagens taxonomicas convencionais, a anatomica e a genetica. Foram realizadas observacoes de material de herbario e cortes das regioes marginais e medianas de folhas adultas de cinco populacoes, sendo: duas de K. coriacea subsp. coriacea, duas de K. coriacea subsp. tomentosa e uma de K. grandiflora, constituidas por dois individuos cada populacao. Para estudos de genetica populacional foram utilizados 12 pares de primers previamente desenvolvidos a partir de uma biblioteca enriquecida de microssatelites. Os marcadores foram amplificados em 27 populacoes com 20-30 individuos cada. A anatomia estrutural apresentou dois padroes claramente distintos e a genetica populacional indicou grande semelhanca entre os taxons pertencentes ao complexo. Os resultados nao corroboram a proposta de Saddi para taxonomia da espécie / Abstract: The Cerrado, a savanna-like vegetation typical of Central-Brazil, is one of the most species rich biomes of the world. It was classified as a "Biodiversity Hotspot". It is suffering strong anthropogenic pressures of different sources, and quite a number of species is seriously threatened. Kielmeyera Mart. & Zucc. (Clusiaceae s.l./ Calophyllaceae) is a genus of nearly 50 spp., several of which occur in the cerrado. Morphologically, the genus is characterized by large flowers with a contorted corolla and numerous stamens, a 3- locular ovary, and septicidal woody capsules with numerous winged seeds. One of the most common elements of the cerrado is Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc., a morphologically highly variable species. It shows the widest ecological amplitude within the genus and its geographical distribution largely coincides with the cerrado biome. This species can be easily recognized by the thick corky bark, green coriaceous caducous leaves crown-like condensed at the end the branches, a characteristic venation and odoriferous, white flowers. In the last revision of the genus Kielmeyera (Nagib Saddi, 1982), the circumscription of K. coriacea remained problematic. To cope with a high variability, Saddi proposed two subspecies and seven varieties. The species is taxonomically so problematic that it is usually referred to as the "K. coriacea complex", to which also belongs K. grandiflora (Wawra) Saddi, formerly included as a variety in K. coriacea. To help with the taxonomic study of this complex, the study was done with taxonomy work, population genetics and structural anatomy of the leaves. For anatomy, two populations from each subspecies of K. coriacea and one population of K. grandiflora, consisting of 2 plants, were sampled. For genetics studies twelve primers pairs were selected between the ones previously developed from an enriched library of K. coriacea . Two patterns were found according to the structural anatomy and taxonomy observations suggest that there are two or more species in the complex. According to genetics, the banding pattern varies from one to eight bands per individual. K. grandiflora showed a similar banding pattern. For our study we treated each subspecies of K. coriacea as one group and Kielmeyera grandiflora as a third. We sampled at least 5 populations for each group and 20-30 plants to represent each population. The results show how genetically similar individuals of K. coriacea are. They do not corroborate most of Saddi's ideas for a subdivision of the K. coriacea complex, but suggest that K. grandiflora and K. coriacea are distinct species (as proposed by Saddi) and that possibly the two subspecies of K. coriacea actually represent two distinct species / Mestrado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal

SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) is a multidomain scaffold protein that is highly augmented in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory glutamatergic synapses within the central and peripheral nervous systems. SHANK3 links neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and other critical membrane proteins to intracellular cytoskeleton and signal transduction pathways. Mutations in SHANK3 are linked with a number neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Intellectual disability, impaired memory and learning, and epilepsy are some of the deficits commonly associated with ASDs that result from mutations in SHANK3. Interestingly, these symptoms show some clinical overlap with presentations of human neurological disorders involving hyperpolarization-activated cyclin nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. In fact, it has recently been demonstrated in human neurons that SHANK3 haploinsufficiency causes Ih-channel dysfunction, and that SHANK3 has a physical interaction with HCN channels via its ANKYRIN repeat domain. These insights suggest that SHANK3 may play important roles in HCN channel expression and function, and put forward the idea that HCN channelopathies may actually encourage some of the symptoms observed in patients with SHANK-deficiency related ASDs. In this study, we provide preliminary data that suggests the ANK domain of SHANK3 interacts with COOH portion of HCN1. We also exploited the differences between two mouse models of autism to show that a subset of SHANK3 isoforms may be involved in the proper expression and function of HCN channels. We found that HCN2 expression is significantly decreased in a mouse model lacking all major isoforms of SHANK3 (exons 13-16 deleted; Δ13-16), while HCN2 expression is unaltered in a mouse model only lacking SHANK3a and SHANK3b (exons 4-9 deleted; Δ4-9). Surprisingly, we also found that HCN4 expression is altered in SHANK3Δ13-16, but not SHANK3Δ4-9. Taken together, our results show HCN channelopathy as a major downstream carrier of SHANK3 deficiency.

According to numerous studies, mergers and acquisitions (M&As) tend to fail more often than being profitable. While strategic fit seems to be a pre-requisit for M&A sucess, organizational culture differeces between merging organizations seem to set boundaries for achieving the synergies identified prior to the deal. This doctoral thesis deals with hybridization, i.e. the blending of organizational cultures, in the context of M&As and provides detailed insights into how this phenomenon shapes the outcome of such strategic activities. Based on a qualitative research design (3 case studies, grounded theory, 55 narrative interviews) five different forms of hybridization were identified: (1) Vintage concept of hybridization, (2) deck of cards concept of hybridization, (3) uncontrolled local adaptation of management knowledge, (4) boundary spannind, and (5) people's twist. Major findings of this doctoral thesis suggest, that most forms of hybridization have rather a negative impact on the M&A performance. Moreover, the outcome of such deals is strongly depending on contextual factors and the acculturation strategy chosen to harmonize existing cultural values, strategies, organizational structures and operations. Finally, financial key ratios to assess the success of M&As could only partly illustrate what had been found through narrative interviews,. Thus, measuring M&A success should not only be based on quantitative measures. This doctoral thesis suggest a more holistic approach to M&A research, when considering cultural effects on the organizational level of analysis. (author's abstract)

Le domaine du transport aérien est en plein effort de réduction de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Les PEMFC sont sérieusement envisagées afin d'introduire d'avantage d'énergie électrique à bord des avions. On se propose d'étudier la faisabilité de la propulsion d'avions légers alimentés par des systèmes pile à combustible hybridés. On étudie plus spécifiquement un système hybride PEMFC / Batteries Li-Ion produisant un total de 40 kW (20 kW PàC + 20 kW Li-Ion) permettant de propulser un avion léger biplace. Le premier aspect de cette étude est la navigabilité des PEMFC, c'est à dire leur aptitude à fonctionner en milieu aérien. Le second aspect est l'architecture électrique du système hybride, son dimensionnement et son comportement lors de différents profils de vol. Des essais expérimentaux en altitude sont menés et permettent de quantifier la diminution des performances de PàC aérobies liée à la diminution de pression ambiante. Grâce à ces essais et à un modèle numérique de PàC, on compare les technologies aérobies et anaérobies pour différents profils de vol. Un bilan des masses et des volumes associé à chacune de ces deux technologies est dressé. Par ailleurs, des essais en inclinaisons de systèmes PEMFC sont réalisés. L'hybridation directe de PEMFC avec des batteries Lithium est étudiée numériquement et expérimentalement. Un modèle Matlab Simulink de PàC et de batteries Lithium est développé afin de prédire le comportement du système hybride direct et de le dimensionner. Enfin, un banc expérimental d'hybridation directe est réalisé et des essais sont menés, révélant l'intérêt de cette architecture innovante. / The domain of air transport is working at reducing its emissions of greenhouse gases. PEMFC are seriously considered as electrical source for future aircraft. The present study focusses on the feasibility of propulsion of a light aircraft powered by hybridized PEMFC systems. The hybrid PEMFC / Li-Ion batteries system studied here produces 40 kW (20 kW PEMFC + 20 kW Li-Ion) and should be able to power a two-seat light aircraft. The first part of the study is dedicated to PEMFC airworthiness, meaning their capacity to work properly in aeronautical conditions. The second part is dedicated to the hybrid system electrical architecture, its dimensioning and its response to various flight profiles. Aerobic PEMFC performance loss due to drop in ambient pressure is quantified thanks to experiments at various altitude. Thanks to these measurements and to a numerical model, aerobic and anaerobic PEMFC are compared according to various flight profiles. A mass and volume balance of each technology is drawn up. In addition, inclination tests of PEMFC systems are performed. Direct hybridization of PEMFC and Li-Ion batteries is studied numerically and experimentally. A Matlab Simulink model of PEMFC and battery is developed in order to forecast the hybrid system's response and to size it. Finally, an experimental bench is settled up and tests are led, proving the interest of such an innovative architecture.

Dans l’étude de la spéciation, l'existence de zones dans lesquelles deux espèces en sympatrie montrent différents niveaux de différenciation génétique constitue une bonne opportunité pour comprendre la nature et l'évolution des barrières à la reproduction entre espèces. Jaera (albifrons) albifrons et Jaera (albifrons) praehirsuta sont deux espèces d’isopodes marins qui coexistent en sympatrie le long des côtes nord-européennes. Des barrières écologiques, comportementales, et génétiques cloisonnent efficacement ces deux espèces, à l'exception d'une région unique (Normandie, France) dans laquelle des morphotypes intermédiaires avaient été décrits dans les années 60.Au cours de cette thèse, l'utilisation de microsatellites et de SNPs obtenus par séquençage RAD ont permis de démontrer que le niveau d'isolement interspécifique varie fortement entre sites, de l'hybridation introgressive à l'isolement quasi-complet. Une analyse comparative de ces sites combinant échantillonnage en populations naturelles, croisements expérimentaux et analyses génomiques a ensuite permis de : i) mettre en avant le rôle prépondérant de l'isolement sexuel (qui reste fort dans les populations introgressées) accompagné d'une barrière post-zygotique relativement faible, ii) découvrir la présence de bactéries Wolbachia au sein des deux espèces, iii) démontrer que la coexistence des deux espèces résulte d'une spéciation allopatrique suivie de contacts secondaires avec reprise de flux de gènes d'intensité variable, et iv) montrer que ces flux de gènes varient également fortement au sein du génome, les chromosomes sexuels et des chromosomes réarrangés semblant limiter fortement l'introgression. / Within the field of speciation, sympatric areas with different levels of interspecific genetic differentiation offer a good opportunity to understand the nature and evolution of reproductive barriers between species. Jaera (albifrons) albifrons and Jaera (albifrons) praehirsuta are two species of marine isopods that coexist in sympatry along the northern European coasts. Ecological, behavioral and genetic barriers efficiently isolate these two species, except in a unique region (Normandy, France) where morphological phenotypes were described in the 60's.In this thesis, microsatellites and SNPs obtained from RAD-sequencing allowed me to demonstrate that the level of interspecific isolation varies widely between sites, from introgressive hybridization to quasi-complete isolation. A comparative analysis of these sites combining sampling from natural populations, experimental crosses, and genomic analyses then allowed me to: i) demonstrate the predominant role of sexual isolation (which remains strong in introgressed populations), together with a relatively weaker post-zygotic barrier, ii) discover the presence of Wolbachia bacteria within the two species, iii) demonstrate that the coexistence of these species originate from an allopatric speciation followed by secondary contacts with varying levels of heterospecific gene flow renewal, and iv) show that gene flow varies also strongly along the genome, with an effect of sex chromosomes and rearranged chromosomes apparently limiting introgression.

Cette thèse aborde l’ensemble de l’oeuvre théâtrale de l’auteur et metteur en scène français Didier-Georges Gabily (1955-1996) ; elle s’appuie sur les textes publiés et quelques inédits ainsi que sur des archives de la scène et desentretiens réalisés avec certains de ses acteurs et collaborateurs. L’étude est menée dans la perspective d’une poétique de la mémoire, une vision désenchantée de la société contemporaine surgissant de la confrontation permanente du passé avec le présent. Sont étudiées les modalités de déconstruction des mythes dans l’espace théâtral contemporain, qu’il s’agisse de mythes hérités du théâtre ou de mythes à dimension politique, tel le communisme ; ces deux angles permettant alors d’interroger la notion de communauté en son devenir. Cette recherche repose sur une observation des effets de la mémoire sur la structure du drame comme sur les régimes de la parole. On y observe en effet la récurrence d’une structure dramaturgique reposant sur une antériorité de la catastrophe que les personnages tentent vainement de recomposer. L’action y est alors remplacée par le récit, ce qui tend à produire de nombreux monologues comme une romanisation du drame. L’analyse s’appuie sur une approche esthétique mise en lien avec l’évolution des régimes d’historicité, ce qui aboutit à une lecture de l’oeuvre révélant la complexité avec laquelle l’auteur interroge le rapport au temps et à la représentation. Le dernier temps de cette recherche explore les relations de l’écriture au plateau et révèle ainsi un principe constant d’hybridation discursive manifestant l’importance du corps des acteurs et de la matérialité de la scène au sein de l’écriture. Cette étude tend à dénouer les écheveaux des héritages dans l’oeuvre théâtrale de Didier-Georges Gabily, thématique conduisant à la formulation d’une esthétique de la résistance allant contre la violence généralisée de la société libérale / This thesis covers the work of French writer and stage director Didier-Georges Gabily (1955-1996), his published and unpublished texts as well as production archives and interviews with his actors and collaborators. The perspective is that of a poetics of memory, a disenchanted vision of contemporary society that transpires out of the confrontation of the past with the present, resulting in the deconstruction of myths in contemporary dramatic space, be they myths bequeathed by former directors/actors or political myths such as communism; in either case, these two angles open a perspective onto a community in the making. The analysis is based on an observation of the impact of memory upon both dramatic structure and speech/dialogue patterns, as a recurrent dramaturgical structure resting on a former catastrophe is what the characters are constantly – and helplessly – trying to piece back together. As a result, action is replaced by narrative, which results in aseries of monologues, a “romanization” of drama (Sarrazac). The approach is based on aesthetic criteria together with the analysis of the dynamics of history in the work (both as a series of topoï and as a structuring pattern) to offer a reading of the work that reveals the complex interplay of time and performance in the author’s quest. The influence of the concreteness of the stage on Gabily’s writing is analysed in the last section of this research and reveals a process of perpetual hybridization, manifesting the importance of the actors’ bodies and the materiality of the stage in his writing. The analysis of the different threads in the fabric of literary and artistic heritage in Gabily’s work for the stage reveals the emergence of an aesthetics ofresistance going against the overall violence prevailing in liberal society

The present research project will explore a case study of the experiment of Pandrogeny as conducted by artists Genesis and Lady Jaye Breyer P-Orridge, arguing that it is best understood as art that performs religion. Utilizing behavior and body modification, this collaborative experiment was intended to create a third, androgynous being, coming into existence through a merging of their identities and referred to as “Breyer P-Orridge.” The experiment was conducted between 1993 and 2007, when Lady Jaye passed away; however, Genesis, in various ways, continues Pandrogynic explorations into the present. The case of this project being religious for Genesis will be made by examining a recent solo exhibition displaying Genesis’s work as well as the performative dimensions of Pandrogeny from its inception to the shift that occurred with Lady Jaye’s death.