The aim of this study has been to get a better understanding of school counselors experience of their room for maneuver in a pedagogical environment. Consequently, examine the meaning of legitimacy and cooperation with other professions within the school. Our study emanates from six semi-structured qualitative interviews with school counselors that have been analyzed from a thematic analysis. The study consists mainly of three key concepts room for maneuver, cooperation and legitimacy. The result shows that there is a duality around their perception of these key concepts. School counselors find both strengths and difficulties in their profession and role at the school. Our conclusion is that school counselors need a clearer job description and support from mainly principals to enable the work more health-promoting and preventive in school. The school counselors described a desire for a central manager with an educational background more similar to theirs in order to make it easier for them to find their role at the school. ,

The aim of this study was to analyze how social workers in social assistance use communication and treatment in their work for clients with psychosis. The study is based on a qualitative method, where a vignette method and a semi-structured interview have been conducted with four social workers within the investigation unit for social assistance. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the empirical material where three themes were created; 1) Flexibility in contact, meetings and the work with clients, 2) The significance of the relationship, and 3) crooked path to self-sufficiency. The empirical material was analyzed through communication theory, discretion and empowerment. The results showed that relationship building is an important part between the social worker and client diagnosed with psychosis, to have a functional communication and to motivate the client to a plan which leads to self-sufficiency. Social workers can use empowerment to motivate clients to self-sufficiency, by raising the strengths of the client. Further it appeared that social workers need to use their discretion to plan the work with the target group. The result from this study also showed the social worker had good opportunities to use their discretional space to adapt the work individually with the target group. / Syftet med denna studie var att studera hur socialsekreterare inom ekonomiskt bistånd använder kommunikation och bemötande i sitt arbete för klienter med psykosproblematik. Studien utgick från en kvalitativ metod, där en vinjettstudie och semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes tillsammans med fyra socialsekreterare inom utredningsenheten på ekonomiskt bistånd. Tematisk analys tillämpades som dataanalys där tre teman identifierades; 1) Flexibilitet i kontakter, mötet och arbetet med klienter, 2) Relationens betydelse samt 3) Krokig väg till självförsörjning. Studiens empiriska material analyserades utifrån teorierna kommunikationsteori, handlingsutrymme och empowerment. Resultatet från denna studie visade att relationsskapande mellan socialsekreterarna och klienter diagnostiserade med psykossjukdomar var en viktig del för en fungerande kommunikation, samt motivera klienten till planering som leder till självförsörjning. Socialsekreterarna kan använda Empowerment för att motivera klienten till en självförsörjning, genom att lyfta upp styrkor hos klienten. Det framkom även att socialsekreterarna hade goda förutsättningar att använda sitt handlingsutrymme till att individanpassa arbetet med klienterna i målgruppen.

Being a social worker in a child and family-oriented unit means that through their position within an organization, a certain scope of action has been allocated. The scope of action creates a choice, but also entails a requirement to take responsibility and to take a stand. The purpose of the study is to investigate how social workers discuss their room for action in assessments regarding interaction between placed children and their guardians where the child is subjected to domestic violence, based on prevailing laws, guidelines, professional knowledge, client needs and research. We hope to achieve a in-depth understanding how these factors affect the scope for action of social workers in these cases. Through interviews with social workers working within the child and family unit as well as family home care, we intended to gain insight into their experiences and reasoning about the scope for action and how this is impacting on their assessments and decisions.The results of our study shows that the social workers do have a considerable scope of action in these kinds of cases, although some individuals choose to look at it as something more static, while others see it as something more dynamic. It appears that the general reunification principle (word for word translation) is very dominant in the daily life of social workers and affects their decisions. This despite the fact that the group we were investigating are divergent compared to the general group of placed children, which therefore should be exempt in certain cases, given the research that is available. Despite the complexity of the cases, there are no direct tendencies among social workers to fall into excessive bureaucracy in their behavior to manage their professional role. Based on the interviewer'sexperiences and reasoning, the best interest of the child, entails extremely complex assessments. From the reasonings of the interviewees’ we can see a clear parental perspective, that can partly depend on all the perspectives that a social worker has to take in consideration in their decisions, and partly on the strong parental right that is taught in Sweden. The result also shows that it is difficult for research to assimilate the assessments, which mainly depends on organizational reasons.

The lack of knowledge and an inexplicit definition of honor related violence complicates school counselors' work against the phenomen. Current discourse tends to focus on young girls' exposure to oppression and violence. This may cause a position for victimized young boys where they won't be noticed. This study therefore aims to examine school counselors' approach to honor related violence as a phenomen and what experience they have of working with victimized boys and girls. The study is based on a qualitative method where six school counselors have been interviewed. The main questions to be answered were how school counselors describe honor related violence as a phenomen, which experience they have of working against it and what they see as their responsibility in the work against the phenomen. To answer these questions the interviews were analysed through a theme analysis and the theory of discretion. The result of the study was that all school counselors have their point of the meaning of the phenomen. Despite this it was a difference between if they included different countries and religions in the description and if they include hbtq-persons as victims for the violence and oppression. All of the interviewed school counselors had experience of meeting victimized children. The main responsibility that was expressed was to create trustful relationships with the children, be there for them as a support during the process and decide when the situation requires to involve social services. Words like complicated, complexity and foreign were repidently involved in the school counselors statements. Which shows the importance of more knowledge and comprehension of the phenomen.

Sauer and Ahnlund (2021) believe that the care manager who works in social work is described as complex because the role involves having an approach to various individual needs that the individuals have. The difficulty is to assemble politics, profession and organizational choices as they, based on this, must take a stand in situations of ethical sensitivity. Previous research shows that guidelines, knowledge and interaction affect the care managers room for maneuver, where it is described that these can provide security and benefits. However, it appears that difficulties may arise in these parts of the decision-making process that the care managers as a profession has the task of implementing (Olaison, Torres & Forssell 2018; Janlöv, Hallberg & Petersson 2011). The purpose of the study is to investigate how the care managers in elderly care describe their role and how guidelines, knowledge and interaction affect the care managers in their decision-making. Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven care managers in elderly care. The study is alalyzed based on Lipsky´s (2010) theory of grassroots bureaucrats. The results show that the care managers are based on the individual´s needs at the center. However, the study shows that they describe guidelines, knowledge and interaction in different ways in relation to the decision-making process because they create different spaces for action. Our study shows that the role of care managers is contradictory which means that the elderly's need for help is treated in different ways, depending on which care manager they meet. / Sauer och Ahnlund (2021) menar att biståndshandläggare som arbetar inom det sociala arbetet beskrivs som en komplex roll då rollen innebär att ha ett förhållningssätt till olika individuella behov som individer har. Svårigheten är att knyta samman politik, profession samt organisatoriska val då de utifrån detta skall ta ställning kring situationer av etisk känslighet. Tidigare forskning visar att riktlinjer, kunskap och interaktion påverkar biståndshandläggares handlingsutrymme då det beskrivs att dessa kan ge trygghet och fördelar. Dock framkommer det att svårigheter kan uppstå inom dessa delar i beslutsprocessen som biståndshandläggare som profession har som uppgift att genomföra (Olaison, Torres & Forssell 2018; Janlöv, Hallberg & Petersson 2011). Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur biståndshandläggare inom äldreomsorgen beskriver sin roll samt hur riktlinjer, kunskap och interaktion med klienterna och klienternas anhöriga påverkar biståndshandläggare i deras beslutsfattande. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med sju biståndshandläggare inom äldreomsorgen. Studien analyseras utifrån Lipskys (2010) teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater. Resultatet visar att biståndshandläggarna utgår från den enskildes behov i centrum. Dock visar studien att de beskriver riktlinjer, kunskap och interaktion på olika sätt i förhållande till beslutsprocessen på grund av att de skapar olika handlingsutrymmen. Vår studie visar att rollen som biståndshandläggare är motstridig och innebär att äldres hjälpbehov behandlas på olika sätt, beroende på vilken biståndshandläggare de möter.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the social workers work with the best interests of the child has changed since the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child(CRC) in 2020. It was also to see how their work with the child's right to participation, and how the social workersroom for action has been affected by the incorporation of the CRC. To answer the questions of the study, we chose a qualitative method. The collected data came from interviews with social workers who work in different areas and in different parts of Sweden. As a theoretical frame of reference, we used the concept of room for action and Lipsky´s theory of grassroots bureaucrats. The results showed that the more the respondents worked with children, the smaller the difference and the less they worked with children, the bigger the difference.Something that has changed since the CRC became law is that there has been greater clarity around the best interests of the child. Something that the study shows is how lack of resources has affected the work with the best interests of the child. The reason why those who work with children did not experience any difference in their work before and after the CRC became law is to some extent due to the social workers working method, the childs need in center (BBIC). / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur socionomernas arbete med barnets bästa förändrats sedan inkorporeringen av barnkonventionen 2020. Syftet var också att undersöka hur socionomerna arbetade med barnets rätt till delaktighet, samt hur socionomernas handlingsutrymme påverkades av inkorporeringen av barnkonventionen. Som teoretisk referensram använde vi oss av begreppet handlingsutrymme samt Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar valde vi att använda oss av en kvalitativ metod. Empirin samlades in genom intervjuer med sju socionomer som arbetade inom olika områden inom socialtjänsten och i olika delar av Sverige. Resultatet visade att i de verksamheter respondenterna arbetade direkt med barn blev skillnaden i arbetet mindre medande som arbetade i verksamheter som inte vände sig direkt mot barn märkte större skillnad. En av skillnaderna respondenterna såg sedan inkorporeringen var att det blivit tydligare vad som är barnets bästa. Något som under studiens gång tydligt framkom var hur resursbrister påverkade arbetet med barnets bästa. Anledningen till att de som arbetar med barn inte upplevde någon markant skillnad i arbetet före och efter inkorporeringen av barnkonventionen som lag beror till viss del på arbetsmodellen Barns behov i centrum (BBIC).

Titel: ”Ingen ung ska bli kriminell” - Ett brottsförebyggande samverkansarbete mellan skola, socialtjänst, polis och fritid mot ungdomskriminalitet. Studiens syfte är att undersöka samverkan mellan socialtjänst, skola, polis och fritid (SSPF) vid ett förebyggande arbete mot ungdomskriminalitet i en stad i Hallands län. Samverkan utgör en central roll i denna typ av arbete i syfte att fånga upp samt förebygga att unga hamnar i kriminalitet. För att möjliggöra detta förutsätter det en fungerande samverkan mellan olika myndigheter. Genom en kvalitativ studie genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med verksamma aktörer i den utvalda staden för att undersöka vilka hinder och möjligheter aktörerna upplevde samt effekter av samverkansarbetet. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av tidigare forskning inom området och utvalda teorier för att förklara samverkansprocessen. Resultatet visade på en ökad förståelse av de olika aktörernas roll i samverkan. Det visade även att drivkraften var att sträva efter gemensamma mål, att ha en vilja samt engagemang. Dessutom visar resultatet att faktorer som relationsskapande och samsyn var av stor betydelse för en god samverkan. Hinder som framkom i studien var bristen på ekonomiska resurser samt tid. Positiva effekter som visades var hur samverkan möjliggjorde arbetet att fånga upp barn och ungdomar i ett tidigt skede för att förhindra utveckling av ett normbrytande beteende. / Title: ”No young person should become a criminal” - Crime prevention collaborative work between schools, social services, police and free time (activities), against youth crime. The purpose of this study is to examine the collaboration between social services, schools, police and free time activities (SSPF) in an effort to prevent youth criminality in Hallands county. Collaboration plays a central role in this type of effort in order to catch and prevent young people from falling into crime. To make this possible, it requires an effective cooperation between different authorities. Through a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews are conducted with people active within the city to investigate what obstacles and opportunities people experienced and the effects of the collaboration. The results were analysed using previous research in the field and selected theories to explain the collaboration process. The result showed an increased understanding of the role of the various people involved in the collaboration. It also showed driving forces such as motivation for common goals, having a will and commitment. Furthermore, the results show that factors such as relationship building and consensus were of great importance for good collaboration. Obstacles that emerged in the study were financial resources and lack of time. Positive effects that were shown were how the collaboration made it possible to embrace children and young people at an early stage to prevent the development of a norm-breaking behaviour.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka LSS-handläggarens upplevelser av effekter kring implementeringen av IBIC, sett till möjligheten att nå måluppfyllelse för individen. Tidigare forskning samt rapporter från Socialstyrelsen har visat på viss problematik kring implementeringen brister i hantering av riktlinjer kopplat till rådande rättspraxis och de lagar som berörs. För att uppnå mitt syfte genomfördes sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med LSS-handläggare verksamma i samma kommun. Analysen genomfördes i form av en tematisk analys utifrån ”framework” metoden kopplat till Michael Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater.Resultatet visar en komplex bild av IBIC som arbetsmetod inom socialtjänsten, då syftet bakom framtagandet av metoden skulle bidra till bland annat en ökad jämlikhet i besluten samt en ökad jämförbarhet kommuner emellan samt att IBIC skulle bidra till en mer kunskapsbaserad socialtjänst. Det studien visar är att det med IBIC följde ett större handlingsutrymme för LSS-handläggare att individanpassa utredningar och matcha behov. Som slutsats menar jag att det på ett sätt är gynnande för individen som får fler behov tillgodosedda men inte för målgruppen i sig då besluten beror på vilken handläggare som utreder. Det innebär att huvudmålet för införandet av IBIC i nuläget har fallerat då det inte finns jämförbarhet mellan kommunerna och att de i sin tur inte bidrar till en mer kunskapsbaserad socialtjänst. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the LSS case manager's experiences of effects around the implementation of IBIC, in terms of the possibility of achieving goal fulfillment for the individual. Previous research and reports from the National Board of Health and Welfare have shown certain problems with the implementation as there are often shortcomings in the management of guidelines linked to prevailing legal practice and the laws that are affected.In order to achieve my purpose, six semi-structured interviews were conducted with LSS officers active in the same municipality. The analysis was carried out in the form of a thematic analysis based on the "framework" method linked to Michael Lipsky's theory of Street-level bureaucrats. The result shows a complex picture of IBIC as a working method within social services, as the purpose behind the development of the method would contribute to, among other things, greater equality in decisions as well as increased comparability between municipalities and that IBIC would contribute to a more knowledge-based social service.What the study shows is that with IBIC there was greater room for discretion for LSS officers to individually adapt investigations and match needs. As a conclusion, I mean that in a way it is beneficial for the individual who gets more needs met, but not for the target group itself as the decisions depend on which case officer is investigating. This means that the main goal for the introduction of IBIC has currently failed as there is no comparability between the municipalities and that they in turn do not contribute to a more knowledge-based social service.

The purpose with this study is to examine how social workers collaborate with clients that have both financial aid and substance abuse problems. The study aimed to examine if the social workers experienced that there were limits in their work when collaboration takes place. The study is based on eight semi-structured interviews with social workers from four different municipalities in Sweden. Criteria for the social workers were whether they should work with financial aid or addiction treatment. The interviews were analyzed with former research and theoretical concept discretion. The results of the study show that collaboration in social service is different depending on errand. Often it happens with information exchange. The result of the study also shows that social workers' work is affected by collaboration. Sometimes it supports their own work and sometimes it can create obstacles in their own work. One part of the result is that the nearness is an important component for functioning collaboration and the geographical nearness and distance affects the social worker’s work. That creates questions if the digital world can be helpful for collaboration in social service.

Denna kvalitativa studie tar sikte på hur biståndshandläggare hanterar äldre människor som har demenssjukdom. Studien syftar till att uppmärksamma dessa upplevelser och hur biståndshandläggare arbetar med äldre människor som har demenssjukdom. Studien använde en hermeneutisk ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer för att ta reda på vad studien ville utforska. Biståndshandläggarna som intervjuats har erfarenhet av att fatta beslut om åtgärder för äldre personer med demens. Det teoretiska konceptet "handlingsutrymme" har använts för att tolka materialet. Dessutom har teorier och idéer om gräsrotsbyråkrati samt professionsetik och professionalitet använts.Med hjälp av tematisk analys som använts i vår studie har vi kunnat identifiera tre olika huvudteman som handlar om strategier för att erhålla samtycke, samarbete med andra aktörer samt dilemman och svårigheter. Studiens resultat tyder på biståndshandläggarna ställs inför flera utmaningar relaterat till naturen av målgruppen som karaktäriseras av nedsatt kognitivförmåga. Det framkommer att biståndshandläggarnas agerande är baserat utifrån både professionellt ansvar samt personligt engagemang. Det framgår även att brukarens självbestämmande och delaktighet inte alltid garanteras.Vi vill påpeka att studiens rubrik är inspirerad av ett citat från en intervjuperson. Rubriken tyder på en strategi, ett lirkande sätt, som många av våra intervjupersoner har använt sig av för brukarens bästa. När den äldre personen har gått långt i sin demens och löper en stor risk att skada sig eller andra. När denna äldre inte ger sitt samtycke för att flytta till ett demensboende så måste biståndshandläggaren engagera sig och hitta på en strategi som lirkar den äldre i syfte att få henom flytta till en tryggare miljö, i enlighet med citatet från en av biståndshandläggarna: ”ett Café med gratis kaffeservering”