<p>The Hard Lesson of Life: A Study of /Re/construction of Life in School from a Religious Educational Perspective</p><p>The overriding aim of this dissertation is to examine the understanding of life that young people /re/construct, and in this sense learn, in the discursive practices of school, and to describe how such a /re/construction takes place.</p><p>The theoretical frame of the study is a critical theory perspective. Potentially problematic aspects and findings are therefore given priority over good examples. The three main concepts used were generated through the interaction of theory and empirical material. These conceptual tools are: ‘understanding of life’, ‘discursive practice’, and ‘language’. The first concept refers to the young learners’ collectively /re/constructed perceptions of how life works and of what gives life value and meaning. Discursive practice is the concept used for the context and the way in which learning takes shape. Language is an important resource in the shaping of the collective interpretation, negotiation and /re/construction of an understanding of life.</p><p>Two empirical studies are presented, a main study and a complementary one. The main study, which is regionally limited, is a group interview with 51 youths from five schools divided into ten groups. The second is a study of the most frequently used high school Religion textbook, Religion and Life, and the analysis draws on the results from the group interview study.</p><p>The institutional frames, the large-sized schools, and the tasks of school to educate pupils and to differentiate between them, are risk factors that may lead to stereotypical, instrumental, and competitive relationships in education. The group interview study indicates that there are grounds for concern since it shows that victimization works as a teaching tool in the /re/construction of a hegemonic discourse of understanding life. The empirically identified hegemonic discourse of understanding life is termed “Life as adjustment for the benefit of individual competition”. Victimization is shown to be both the cause and effect of this discourse. The hegemonic life discourse also lends contextual legitimacy to victimization. The study of the school textbook suggests that the subject Religion may reinforce such a hegemonic understanding of life if it fails to balance the book’s objective and descriptive accounts of abuse of power.</p>

The Hard Lesson of Life: A Study of /Re/construction of Life in School from a Religious Educational Perspective The overriding aim of this dissertation is to examine the understanding of life that young people /re/construct, and in this sense learn, in the discursive practices of school, and to describe how such a /re/construction takes place. The theoretical frame of the study is a critical theory perspective. Potentially problematic aspects and findings are therefore given priority over good examples. The three main concepts used were generated through the interaction of theory and empirical material. These conceptual tools are: ‘understanding of life’, ‘discursive practice’, and ‘language’. The first concept refers to the young learners’ collectively /re/constructed perceptions of how life works and of what gives life value and meaning. Discursive practice is the concept used for the context and the way in which learning takes shape. Language is an important resource in the shaping of the collective interpretation, negotiation and /re/construction of an understanding of life. Two empirical studies are presented, a main study and a complementary one. The main study, which is regionally limited, is a group interview with 51 youths from five schools divided into ten groups. The second is a study of the most frequently used high school Religion textbook, Religion and Life, and the analysis draws on the results from the group interview study. The institutional frames, the large-sized schools, and the tasks of school to educate pupils and to differentiate between them, are risk factors that may lead to stereotypical, instrumental, and competitive relationships in education. The group interview study indicates that there are grounds for concern since it shows that victimization works as a teaching tool in the /re/construction of a hegemonic discourse of understanding life. The empirically identified hegemonic discourse of understanding life is termed “Life as adjustment for the benefit of individual competition”. Victimization is shown to be both the cause and effect of this discourse. The hegemonic life discourse also lends contextual legitimacy to victimization. The study of the school textbook suggests that the subject Religion may reinforce such a hegemonic understanding of life if it fails to balance the book’s objective and descriptive accounts of abuse of power.

Ce mémoire est une analyse socio-juridique de la discrimination en milieu de travail et de son impact sur le devoir juridique de représentation syndicale, ou plus précisément, sur la responsabilité syndicale en contexte de diversité. Partant d’une première approche sociométrique du phénomène, suivie d’une deuxième davantage socio-juridique, le constat est à l’effet que la discrimination en milieu de travail a des répercussions jusque dans les milieux syndiqués,où les flux d’immigration semblent, à plusieurs égards, bousculer l’ordre établi. La revue de littérature permet de dégager deux grands axes de recherche : un premier concernant les forums : dans l’état actuel du droit, ce sont les Tribunaux des droits de la personne qui élaborent les normes applicables au devoir juridique de représentation syndicale dans les cas allégués de discrimination au travail, les Commissions des relations de travail s’adaptant mais lentement, sinon avec réticence, à la nouvelle donne ; le deuxième concernant spécifiquement la partie syndicale : cette dernière pondère l’effet des normes applicables en matière de discrimination au travail tant en fonction de ses propres intérêts stratégiques, que de l’attente des membres, que des préjugés et stéréotypes présents dans le milieu de travail. L’analyse globale porte sur 689 décisions en provenance de quatre Commissions des relations de travail — Québec, Fédéral, Ontario et Colombie-Britannique — et ainsi que des quatre Tribunaux des droits de la personne correspondants, sur une période de dix ans, allant du 1er janvier 2000 au 31 décembre 2009. Quant aux forums, la conclusion est à l’effet qu’au cours de la période étudiée, aucune institution n’a de préséance sur l’autre en ce qui a trait aux motifs illicites de discrimination. Les deux se complétent sans presque se chevaucher, et chacune à leur manière, contribuent fortement à faire progresser les droits de la personne. Par contre, les Commissions des relations de travail ont préséance quant au harcèlement, tandis que les Tribunaux des droits de la personne sont prépondérants face aux mesures d’accommodement. Quant à la partie syndicale, si elle a toujours agi, pour des raisons historiques, en fonction de ses intérêts stratégiques, de l’attente des membres, et des préjugés et stéréotypes présents sur les lieux de travail. Mais, ce qui change au fil du temps, c’est tout ce qui entoure le devoir juridique de représentation syndicale, c’est-à-dire tout le climat général d’application, ainsi que tout le contexte d’analyse et d’évaluation des situations. Quel est donc l’impact de la discrimination en milieu de travail sur le devoir juridique de représentation syndicale ? Dans la mesure où le contexte d’analyse et d’évaluation des situations est la lecture que font les agents, du climat général d’application, et des changements qu’ils y apportent en fonction de leurs propres intérêts stratégiques, du point de vue syndical, cet impact est triple : d’abord, devant chaque cas d’espèce, (1) l’acteur syndical doit désormais jongler avec beaucoup plus de facteurs qu’auparavant ; deuxièmement, (2) envers les salariés de l’unité de négociation, la marge de manoeuvre est beaucoup plus restreinte en contexte de lutte contre la discrimination ; enfin, et c’est le point le plus important, (3) l’économie générale des droits de la personne a pour effet d’introduire une hiérarchie dans les normes applicables, ce qui oblige l’acteur syndical à s’adapter, de façon constante, à un climat général d’application sans cesse changeant, auquel tous les agents contribuent, y compris lui-même. / This project is a socio-juridical study of the discrimination in the workplace, and its impact on the juridical duty of fair union representation, or more precisely, about the union responsability in a context of diversity. Beginning with a sociometric approach, completed with another one more socio-juridical, discrimination in the workplace is deemed to have a lot of repercussions even in unionized environments where immigration seems to shake up the established order. The literature survey exposes two main axis of interrogations : the first is related to the forums : in the actual state of the law, it is the Human Rights Tribunals that show the way in terms of the standards applicable to the juridical duty of fair union representation in alleged cases of discrimination, the Labour Relations Commissions abiding, but slowly, or else with reluctance, to the new deal ; the second is related specifically to the Union : it balances out the effect of the new standards in accordance with their own strategical interests, as well as to the member expectations, and in view of the prejudices and stereotypes presents in the workplace. The global analysis is based on 689 decisions from four Labour Relations Commissions — Quebec, Federal, Ontario and British-Columbia — along with their corresponding Human Rights Tribunals, within a period of ten years, extending from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2009. With respect to the forums, the findings are that, for the above-mentionned period, none of the institution prevails over the other, in connection with the prohibited grounds of discrimination, the two contributing, as they see fit, to the extensive developpement of the human rights in the workplace, without clashes, nor overlaping. With respect to harassment, the Commissions prevail, and on the accommodation side, the Tribunals do. As to the union party specifically, the findings are that it has always acted, for historical reasons, in accordance with their own strategical interests, the member expectations, and the prejudices and stereotypes present in the workplace, but what has changed — from yesterday to this day — is the general application climate surrounding the juridical duty of fair union representation, as well as the analytical context in the evaluation of situations. Therefore, what is the impact of the discrimination in the workplace on the juridical duty of fair union representation ? Taking into account that the analytical context in the evaluation of situations is how the different agents construe the general application climate, along with all the changes they contribute therein in conjonction with their own strategical interests, then, at the union party level, there is three major impacts : first, (1) the union party has to fiddle around with more factors than ever before ; second, (2) with respect to the employees of a barginning unit, the room for manoeuver is much more restricted in all cases involving discrimination; and finally, this is the mere point, (3) the general economy of the human rights legislations has the effect of introducing a hierarchy to the applicable standards, hence forcing the union party, on a continuous basis, to adapt itself accordingly to the ever changing general application climate to which every agent contributes, including itself.

This dissertation is focused on some problems of maltreated, abused or neglected children and it also tries to outline a contemporary view of this situation. Considerable changes occured in this field after breaking a taboo on this subject, which is presented as a topic for a wide discussion. In my work I tried to give a complex view of some aspects of maltreated, abused or neglected children problems. Furthemore I focused on the problems of a public awareness concerning maltreated, abused or neglected children, and possible public activities in this field. I also investigated a public awareness of civic associations (i. e. organisations, institutions or facilities) which take care of endangered children in Trhové Sviny and nearby sorroundings. This research was based on a standardised questionaire. According to an analysis of its results, it is possible to to state a negation of both hypotheses in which I originally considered a public awareness of maltreated, abused or neglected children low, or likewise, I pressumed that a public awareness of the above mentioned organisations (civic associations, institutions) would not be very high. In spite of these conclusions it is a safe assumption that the tasks given to find out a situation in a public awareness concerning the endangered children, were fulfilled.

In the Apartheid South Africa, repression and the heightening of the Blacks' struggle for political emancipation, prompted artists to challenge the system through their music, oral poetry and writing. Most produced works of protest in English to reach a wider audience. This led to the general misconception that literatures in the indigenous languages of South Africa were insensitive to the issues of those times. This study seeks firstly to put to rest such misconception by proving that there is Commitment in these literatures as exemplified in the poetry of S.F. Motlhake. Motlhake not only expresses protest against the political system of the time, but also questions some religious and socio-cultural practices and institutions among his people. The study also examines his selected works as genuine poetry, which does not sacrifice art on the altar of propaganda. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

This study focused on the schools of KwaDabeka Township in KwaZulu-Natal. This project explored the underlying reasons for and types of violence, as well as initiatives for violence prevention. This is a qualitative study; therefore it is located within the interpretive paradigm. A case study strategy was employed in which qualitative methods such as interviews, observations, document reviews, and journals were used to collect data. The findings suggest that besides ill-discipline and uncooperativeness by learners, criminals and thugs from outside schools pose a threat to the stability of schools. The findings also suggest that girls and young boys are victims of violence in schools. The research findings suggest that violence production in schools is shaped by socio-economic status of community where the school is in, as well as gender and masculinity. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

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Balansen mellan krav och resurser används i det organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljöarbetet (OSA) och är grunden för en trygg och säker arbetsmiljö. En påfrestande arbetsbelastning kan ta sig uttryck i konflikter såsom kränkningar, hot om våld och våld som i sin tur leder till ohälsa och arbetsskador. Kränkande särbehandling är vanligare till sjöss jämfört med landbaserade yrken. Svensk sjöfartsnäring är en mansdominerad arbetsplats där kvinnliga medarbetare utgör 30 % av ombordanställda och är en minoritetsgrupp. Kvinnor i en mansdominerad bransch löper en ökad risk för kränkningar, vilket metoo-rörelsen och den svenska sjöfartens motsvarighet #lättaankar vittnar om.  Syftet med masteruppsatsen var att identifiera åtgärder utifrån ett MTO-perspektiv för att utveckla en god organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö inom svensk sjöfart. En blandad metoddesign tillämpades för att samla in data från Arbetsmiljöverkets arbetsskadestatistik och data från två cafédialoger med 37 branschföreträdare från den svenska sjöfartsnäringen.  Resultatet visade 87 fall av arbetsskador relaterade till den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön mellan 2009-2019. Resultatet utifrån branschföreträdarnas upplevelser belyser behovet av att förbättra organisationsstrukturer och arbetssätt som minskar riskerna för ohälsa samt arbetsskador relaterade till den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön.  Masteruppsatsen var en delstudie i forskningsprojektet Praktiskt arbetsmiljöarbete för en jämställd sjöfart finansierat av AFA försäkring mellan 2019-2021. / Praktiskt arbetsmiljöarbete för en jämställd sjöfart