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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 81 to 90 of 90 (0.097 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"distory off fhilosophy off bcience"" "subject:"distory off fhilosophy off escience""
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Gestures of Value: A moral recounting of psychosomatic responseRyan R van Nood (11153931) 19 July 2021 (has links)
<div>This dissertation redefines the placebo effect in light of new empirical observations and certain strands of philosophical ethics. </div>Chapter 1 critically reviews available definitions of placebo responsiveness against their abilities to hang together the diversity of empirical observations and emerging research interests. Projecting Wittgenstein's example of a child learning pain language, Chapter 2 redefines the phenomenon as a particular kind of experience of meaning and reconsiders clinical empathy in terms of the loss and recovery of language that belongs to illness experience and diagnosis. Chapter 3 broadens the account of psychosomatic responsiveness from the experience of meaning to the experience of values, utilising Canguilhem's definition of health and Nietzsche's genealogical account of the health of values. Chapter 4 explores the foregoing by recounting how Wittgenstein's moral philosophy might hold together the traditional ethical and bioethical question of what makes life worth living with psychosomatic responsiveness.
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"Our Primate Materials" Robert M. Yerkes and the Introduction of the Primate to Problems of Human Betterment in the American Eugenics MovementCaitlin Marie Garcia-Feehan (15348619) 27 April 2023 (has links)
<p>My thesis examines how eugenicist and psychologist Robert M. Yerkes’ experimental intelligence research helped to situate the non-human primate as the ideal research subject for human betterment research in the twentieth century U.S. Yerkes believed that the primate was the ideal research subject to address questions of human betterment and social welfare, specifically best to create methods of evaluating the imagined threat of intellectual disability. While Yerkes has been studied extensively in the history of psychology, primatology, and eugenics, rarely have his separate contributions to these fields been placed in conversation with one another. Placing the primate at the center of Yerkes’ work allows for all three fields to engage with one another in a new perspective. By analyzing Yerkes’ publications about the Multiple-Choice Experiment within the context of the American eugenics’ movement, we can see how the primate came to hold a central position in U.S. scientific research, the advancement of human welfare and betterment, and as a means of defining what it means to be human. This story offers a glimpse into this longer process of how the primate came to occupy this position, but even a glimpse offers historians of the American eugenics’ movement new questions. What was the role of the non-human animal in the formulation of American eugenic theories? How have we historically used the natural world in our attempts to separate ourselves from it? And can we truly reconcile a history with eugenics if we continue to ignore the role of animals within it, they who today exist unquestionably within the status of the sub-human?</p>
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Pain, Pleasure, Punishment: The Affective Experience of Conversion Therapy in Twentieth-Century North AmericaAndrea Jaclyn Ens (18340887) 11 April 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">This dissertation argues that shifting secular conversion therapy practices and theories in North America between 1910 and 1980 consistently relied on both queer affective experience and anti-queer and anti-trans animus to justify often brutalizing medical interventions. Canadian and American conversion therapists’ pathologizing views of queer sexual behavior and gender identity were shaped by complex interplays between cultural, legal, social, and medical perspectives, but predominately worked to uphold heteronormative social structures leading to discrimination, hate, and harm towards queer people in both countries. Focusing on affect thereby encourages scholars to recognize how conversion therapies in all their variable historical permutations are both medical <i>and </i>cultural practices that have attempted to use queer patients’ affective needs for acceptance, love, safety, and validation in ways advancing anti-gay and anti-trans social narratives in purportedly therapeutic settings since the early twentieth century.</p><p dir="ltr">This research uses a transnational approach that is at once sensitive to national differences between the American and Canadian queer experience while looking to draw connections between conversion therapy’s development and individual experiences of this practice in two national contexts over time. It additionally pays careful attention to the ways social power hierarchies based on race and class informed individuals’ affective experiences of conversion therapy between 1910 and 1980.</p>
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Compliance at work: protecting identity and science practice under corporatisationHunt, Lesley M. January 2003 (has links)
When the New Zealand Government restructured the system of the public funding of research (1990-1992) it created Crown Research Institutes (CRIs) as companies operating in a global, market-led economy. One CRI, AgResearch, responded to this environment by corporatisation and instituted a normative system of control of workers which, through strategic plans, vision and mission statements, and performance appraisal processes, encouraged workers to adhere to company goals. This thesis, reporting on an ethnographic study of this CRI, shows how most scientific workers (technical workers and scientists alike) experienced insecurity through estrangement because the contributions they wished to make were less valued both in society and in their work organisation. They were excluded from participation in both organisational and Government policy-making, and felt they did not ‘belong’ anymore. Scientists in particular were also experiencing alienation (in the Marxist sense), as they were losing autonomy over the production of their work and its end use. Scientific workers developed tactics of compliance in order to resist these experiences and ostensibly comply with organisational goals while maintaining and protecting their self-identities, and making their work meaningful. Meanwhile, to outward appearances, the work of the CRI continued. This thesis adds to the sociology of work literature by extending the understanding of the concepts of compliance and resistance in white-collar work, particularly under normative control, by developing two models of resistance. It adds to the stories of the impact on public sector workers of the restructuring of this sector in New Zealand’s recent history, and develops implications for science policy and practice.
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Playing Second Fiddle: A history of technology and organisation in the Australian music economy (1901-1990)Rooney, David Unknown Date (has links)
This thesis is a socio-economic history of the relationship between music technology and organisational practices in twentieth-century Australia. It argues that the history of technology in the Australian music economy is dependent not only upon the changing technical characteristics of musical instruments and electronic consumer goods but also upon government policy-making, management practices in music technology manufacturing firms and patterns of music technology consumption. The thesis examines economic statistics regarding the import, export and local production of music technology in Australia. The economic statistics have not previously been examined in relation to the history of music technology in Australia. The historical analysis is structured according to a four-part periodisation which includes the Electric Age (1901-1930), the Electronic Age (1930-1950), the Transistor Age (1950-1970) and the Information Age (1970-1990). This periodisation enables the analysis to continually be refocussed as the key technological and socio-economic dynamics change. With this perspective, the history of the relationship between technology and organisation in the Australian music economy has been demonstrated to be dependent on a number of key technological changes. The thesis examines changes including the shift from acoustic to electric recording; the development of transistor-based consumer electronics goods; and the advent of digital information technology. However, a number of key social determinants, particularly organisational modes, are examined including changes from protectionist to more deregulated trade policy; lack of business skills in areas such as marketing, manufacturing technique and industrial research and development; and the development of a sense of popular modernity which is expressed in the consumption of new, technically advanced and glamorous music technology. In addition to the new perspectives on the history of music technology provided by the analysis of empirical economic data, this thesis contributes to the historiography of technology. The analytical framework it proposes locates music technology within what is described as an assemblage of technologies: technologies of production, technologies of sign systems, technologies of power and technologies of the self. This approach makes clear the interdependence of technological and social factors, and the inadequacy of narrow technological determinist and social constructivist accounts. The notion of an assemblage of technologies is further embellished by drawing upon key elements of recent theories of systems analysis: the seamless web, evolution and chaos theory. Through this analytical framework and the socio-economic analysis of the relationship between music technology and organisational practices, the thesis demonstrates that the history of technology cannot be understood unless it is seen as part of a complex and interacting technical, social, economic and institutional system.
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Playing Second Fiddle: A history of technology and organisation in the Australian music economy (1901-1990)Rooney, David Unknown Date (has links)
This thesis is a socio-economic history of the relationship between music technology and organisational practices in twentieth-century Australia. It argues that the history of technology in the Australian music economy is dependent not only upon the changing technical characteristics of musical instruments and electronic consumer goods but also upon government policy-making, management practices in music technology manufacturing firms and patterns of music technology consumption. The thesis examines economic statistics regarding the import, export and local production of music technology in Australia. The economic statistics have not previously been examined in relation to the history of music technology in Australia. The historical analysis is structured according to a four-part periodisation which includes the Electric Age (1901-1930), the Electronic Age (1930-1950), the Transistor Age (1950-1970) and the Information Age (1970-1990). This periodisation enables the analysis to continually be refocussed as the key technological and socio-economic dynamics change. With this perspective, the history of the relationship between technology and organisation in the Australian music economy has been demonstrated to be dependent on a number of key technological changes. The thesis examines changes including the shift from acoustic to electric recording; the development of transistor-based consumer electronics goods; and the advent of digital information technology. However, a number of key social determinants, particularly organisational modes, are examined including changes from protectionist to more deregulated trade policy; lack of business skills in areas such as marketing, manufacturing technique and industrial research and development; and the development of a sense of popular modernity which is expressed in the consumption of new, technically advanced and glamorous music technology. In addition to the new perspectives on the history of music technology provided by the analysis of empirical economic data, this thesis contributes to the historiography of technology. The analytical framework it proposes locates music technology within what is described as an assemblage of technologies: technologies of production, technologies of sign systems, technologies of power and technologies of the self. This approach makes clear the interdependence of technological and social factors, and the inadequacy of narrow technological determinist and social constructivist accounts. The notion of an assemblage of technologies is further embellished by drawing upon key elements of recent theories of systems analysis: the seamless web, evolution and chaos theory. Through this analytical framework and the socio-economic analysis of the relationship between music technology and organisational practices, the thesis demonstrates that the history of technology cannot be understood unless it is seen as part of a complex and interacting technical, social, economic and institutional system.
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Playing Second Fiddle: A history of technology and organisation in the Australian music economy (1901-1990)Rooney, David Unknown Date (has links)
This thesis is a socio-economic history of the relationship between music technology and organisational practices in twentieth-century Australia. It argues that the history of technology in the Australian music economy is dependent not only upon the changing technical characteristics of musical instruments and electronic consumer goods but also upon government policy-making, management practices in music technology manufacturing firms and patterns of music technology consumption. The thesis examines economic statistics regarding the import, export and local production of music technology in Australia. The economic statistics have not previously been examined in relation to the history of music technology in Australia. The historical analysis is structured according to a four-part periodisation which includes the Electric Age (1901-1930), the Electronic Age (1930-1950), the Transistor Age (1950-1970) and the Information Age (1970-1990). This periodisation enables the analysis to continually be refocussed as the key technological and socio-economic dynamics change. With this perspective, the history of the relationship between technology and organisation in the Australian music economy has been demonstrated to be dependent on a number of key technological changes. The thesis examines changes including the shift from acoustic to electric recording; the development of transistor-based consumer electronics goods; and the advent of digital information technology. However, a number of key social determinants, particularly organisational modes, are examined including changes from protectionist to more deregulated trade policy; lack of business skills in areas such as marketing, manufacturing technique and industrial research and development; and the development of a sense of popular modernity which is expressed in the consumption of new, technically advanced and glamorous music technology. In addition to the new perspectives on the history of music technology provided by the analysis of empirical economic data, this thesis contributes to the historiography of technology. The analytical framework it proposes locates music technology within what is described as an assemblage of technologies: technologies of production, technologies of sign systems, technologies of power and technologies of the self. This approach makes clear the interdependence of technological and social factors, and the inadequacy of narrow technological determinist and social constructivist accounts. The notion of an assemblage of technologies is further embellished by drawing upon key elements of recent theories of systems analysis: the seamless web, evolution and chaos theory. Through this analytical framework and the socio-economic analysis of the relationship between music technology and organisational practices, the thesis demonstrates that the history of technology cannot be understood unless it is seen as part of a complex and interacting technical, social, economic and institutional system.
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Fontes prim?rias da hist?ria do v?cuo e da press?o atmosf?rica na sala de aula: cartas e jornais hist?ricos em articula??o com o livro-texto do ensino m?dioBatista, Giovanninni Leite de Freitas 26 May 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-26 / The use of the History and the Philosophy of Science (HPS) for the teaching of science
and scientific subjects has been advocated in recent decades. It has been pointed out that
the History of Science could make for a deeper learning of scientific concepts, since it
would promote a contact with the problems which that knowledge has set out to solve.
Furthermore, historical episodes would serve to put the discussions about the nature of
scientific knowledge into context. With a view to explore those potentialities, the
literature in the field has sought to identify the challenges and obstacles for the didactic
transposition of subjects from the History of Science. Amongst many aspects, the
deficiencies in the training of teachers, so that they can work with the insertion of HPS
in the classroom have been highlighted. Another aspect that has been mentioned to be a
challenge has to do with the didactic transposition of the Primary Sources, that is, of the
original texts on the History of Science. The Primary Sources have significant
potentialities: making a connection possible between scientists and concepts, showing
the difficulties faced during scientific endeavors, perceiving the role of mistakes as
obstacles to be surpassed, not as defeat, etc. On the other hand, there has been little
exploration of these concepts in an educational context, due to their own peculiarities.
The original texts are often hard to understand and their interpretation demands
knowledge of the historical and scientific context in which they were written, as well as
skills pertaining to the conduction of research in the field of the History of Science.
With this scenario in mind, the research towards this Professional MSc degree starts
from the challenge of elaborating and discussing proposals which could enable the
didactical transposition of the Primary Sources. We have worked specifically with
Primary Sources on the History of the Vacuum and of the Atmospheric Pressure,
because of the insertion of these subjects in the Brazilian High School curriculum, in
connection with the didactical textbooks. "Historic Journals" were made up from
clippings of the original historical texts, as was a Didactical Unit, which takes the usual
textbooks as a basis and contemplates using the Journals and the entire Primary Sources
in High School. At last, we have elaborated and implemented a course designed for the
preparation of teachers and for being an opportunity for the discussion of the feasibility
of putting these kinds of proposal into practice / Tem-se advogado nas ?ltimas d?cadas a respeito da utiliza??o da Hist?ria e Filosofia da
Ci?ncia para o ensino de conte?dos cient?ficos e sobre a ci?ncia. Aponta-se que a
Hist?ria da Ci?ncia poderia possibilitar um aprendizado mais aprofundado dos
conceitos cient?ficos, uma vez que permitiria o contato com os problemas a que esses
conhecimentos buscaram resolver. Os epis?dios hist?ricos serviriam, ainda, como
contextualiza??o para discuss?es a respeito da natureza do conhecimento cient?fico.
Tendo em vista o interesse em explorar essas potencialidades, a literatura da ?rea tem
buscado identificar os desafios e obst?culos da transposi??o did?tica da Hist?ria da
Ci?ncia. Dentre muitos aspectos, as lacunas na forma??o dos professores para atuar na
inser??o da HFC no Ensino t?m sido apontadas. Outro aspecto citado como desafio diz
respeito ? dificuldade da transposi??o did?tica das Fontes Prim?rias, isto ?, dos textos
originais da Hist?ria da Ci?ncia. As Fontes Prim?rias teriam potencialidades
significativas: viabiliza??o da conex?o dos conceitos com os cientistas, visualiza??o do
caminho ?rduo do empreendimento cient?fico, percep??o do o papel do erro como
obst?culo a ser superado e n?o como derrota, etc. Por outro lado, esses recursos seriam
ainda pouco explorados no contexto educacional devido ?s suas pr?prias peculiaridades.
Os textos originais costumam ser de dif?cil leitura e sua interpreta??o requer
conhecimentos a respeito do contexto hist?rico e cient?fico em que foram elaborados,
bem como habilidades inerentes ? pesquisa em Hist?ria da Ci?ncia. Frente a esse
cen?rio, o presente Trabalho de Conclus?o deste Mestrado Profissional parte do desafio
de atuar na elabora??o e discuss?o de propostas visando a transposi??o did?tica de
Fontes Prim?rias. Especificamente, trabalhou-se com Fontes Prim?rias da Hist?ria do
V?cuo e da Press?o Atmosf?rica tendo em vista a sua inser??o no Ensino M?dio de
forma articulada aos livros did?ticos. Foram elaborados Jornais Hist?ricos a partir de
recortes dos textos hist?ricos originais, bem como uma Unidade Did?tica, que parte do
material did?tico usual e contempla a utiliza??o dos Jornais e Fontes Prim?rias
completas no Ensino M?dio. Elaborou-se e implementou-se, por fim, um curso voltado
? instrumenta??o de professores como espa?o de discuss?o sobre a utiliza??o desse tipo
de proposta
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professional ethics for professional nursingKalaitzidis, Evdokia January 2006 (has links)
The thesis proposes and defends a maxim which can serve as a foundation and guideline for professional ethics in nursing, the maxim that nurses should act so far as possible to promote patient's self-determination. The thesis is informed by philosophical ethics and by knowledge of professional nursing practice.
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The Social Construction of Economic Man: The Genesis, Spread, Impact and Institutionalisation of Economic IdeasMackinnon, Lauchlan A. K. Unknown Date (has links)
The present thesis is concerned with the genesis, diffusion, impact and institutionalisation of economic ideas. Despite Keynes's oft-cited comments to the effect that 'the ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood'(Keynes 1936: 383), and the highly visible impact of economic ideas (for example Keynesian economics, Monetarism, or economic ideas regarding deregulation and antitrust issues) on the economic system, economists have done little to systematically explore the spread and impact of economic ideas. In fact, with only a few notable exceptions, the majority of scholarly work concerning the spread and impact of economic ideas has been developed outside of the economics literature, for example in the political institutionalist literature in the social sciences. The present thesis addresses the current lack of attention to the spread and impact of economic ideas by economists by drawing on the political institutionalist, sociological, and psychology of creativity literatures to develop a framework in which the genesis, spread, impact and institutionalisation of economic ideas may be understood. To articulate the dissemination and impact of economic ideas within economics, I consider as a case study the evolution of economists' conception of the economic agent - "homo oeconomicus." I argue that the intellectual milieu or paradigm of economics is 'socially constructed' in a specific sense, namely: (i) economic ideas are created or modified by particular individuals; (ii) economic ideas are disseminated (iii) certain economic ideas are accepted by economists and (iv) economic ideas become institutionalised into the paradigm or milieu of economics. Economic ideas are, of course, disseminated not only within economics to fellow economists, but are also disseminated externally to economic policy makers and business leaders who can - and often do - take economic ideas into account when formulating policy and building economic institutions. Important economic institutions are thereby socially constructed, in the general sense proposed by Berger and Luckmann (1966). But how exactly do economic ideas enter into this process of social construction of economic institutions? Drawing from and building on structure/agency theory (e.g. Berger and Luckmann 1966; Bourdieu 1977; Bhaskar 1979/1998, 1989; Bourdieu 1990; Lawson 1997, 2003) in the wider social sciences, I provide a framework for understanding how economic ideas enter into the process of social construction of economic institutions. Finally, I take up a methodological question: if economic ideas are disseminated, and if economic ideas have a real and constitutive impact on the economic system being modelled, does 'economic science' then accurately and objectively model an independently existing economic reality, unchanged by economic theory, or does economic theory have an interdependent and 'reflexive' relationship with economic reality, as economic reality co-exists with, is shaped by, and also shapes economic theory? I argue the latter, and consider the implications for evaluating in what sense economic science is, in fact, a science in the classical sense. The thesis makes original contributions to understanding the genesis of economic ideas in the psychological creative work processes of economists; understanding the ontological location of economic ideas in the economic system; articulating the social construction of economic ideas; and highlighting the importance of the spread of economic ideas to economic practice and economic methodology.
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