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Detta är ett naturvetenskapligt arbete som omfattas både av en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ undersökning. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka mellanskarvens födoval i sjön Sommen, samt att närmare studera huruvida det unika beståndet av röding och öring ingår i mellanskarvens födoval. Sommens Fiskevårdsområde har fått tillstånd till skyddsjakt på mellanskarv av Länsstyrelsen och det främsta skälet skulle vara att fågeln prederar röding och öring. Genom att analysera mellanskarvens spyboll och jämföra innehållet med referensfiskar fångade från samma sjö ska vi se om beslutet från Länsstyrelsen är befogat. Insamling av spybollar och referensfiskar utfördes i fält medan analys av spybollar utfördes på laboratorium. I resultatet av undersökningen konstaterades att mellanskarven i Sommen nästan uteslutande äter abborre. I de analyserade spybollarna som omfattas av denna undersökning återfanns inte röding och öring. Detta skulle innebära att Länsstyrelsens beslut om skyddsjakt på mellanskarv i Sommen p.g.a. predation av röding och öring inte är befogad.

Se investigan los procesos de transformación de la caza en España desde el Antiguo Régimen al siglo XX, pasando de recurso complementario para las economías rurales a destacable actividad recreativa. Se analizan las características de la caza antes del siglo XIX: diferencia caza aristocrática y plebeya, doble consideración de los animales salvajes (útiles y dañinos). Se estudia la redefinición de la caza durante el siglo XIX: lucha por la propiedad del recurso, paso del cazador de oficio al "sportman", nacimiento del asociacionismo, inicio de la protección de los animales y permanencia del control rural de las "alimañas". Se demuestra la consolidación de la caza como deporte urbano en el siglo XX: transformaciones legales y administrativas, mutación del tipo de cazador, estatalización del asociacionismo, diferente consideración de los animales dañinos y repoblaciones cinegéticas. Todo para colmar aspiraciones y necesidades de una población urbana progresivamente masificada y alejada de la naturaleza. / The hunting change processes in Spain from the Ancient Regime to the XXth century had been analyzed from perspective of purpose transformation: first like a complementary resource for rural economies and after a important leisure activity.The hunting characteristics before XIXth century are analyzed in a double consideration; aristocratic and plebeian hunt, underlying the double thought that wild animals deserve (useful and harmful). This century includes the redefinition of the game, the conflict for the property of the resource, the steps from the professional huntsman to the "sportman", the beginning of the associationism, the start of wildlife protectionism and the persistence of the rural control of the vermin.This processes led to the consolidation of the game as XXth century urban sport gradually kept away from Nature. There was legal and administrative changes and so the type of hunter. The associationism was controlled by the Spanish State, the vermin is different considered and the hunting is restocking.

Note: / This dissertation examines the position of Inuit (Eskimo) kinship and· its associated behavioral concomitants as they effect the patterning of Inuit ecological relations. The study seeks to demonstrate the role such features, functioning as one component within the cultural ecological system, play in organizing and maintaining the observed pattern of man-land interactions. In so doing, it focuses on particular internal attributes, such as task group formation and decision-making networks, which contribute to the material substance of the local adaptation.Th~approach employed in the research may be termed that of systems-oriented cultural ecology. Within this approach, social-cultural features of the society are seen as forming a knowledge set which, along with data derived from the environment, contribute information necessary for the inplementation of specific strategies of resource exploitation. Social organization elements, therefore, provide a framework for the arrangement of environmental, as well as sociological, relations. Inuit subsistence activities, then, ar~ perceived not simply in terms of isolated actions;but as a process which encompasses a broad range of societal components. / La presente dissertation etudie la position de la parente des Inuit (Esquimaux) et des problemes accessoires de comportement qui affeetent 1a structuration des relations des Inuit. L'etude vise a demontrer Ie role que ces aspects, qui s'exercent eomme un element au sein du systeme eco1ogique culturel, jouent dans l'organisation et Ie maintien du schema des rapp0rts observe entre l'hom.ne et la terre. Ce faisan..:, elle se eoncentre sur les attributs internes particu1iers tels que la formation des groupes d'etudes et les reseaux de prise de decision qui contribuent aux relations d'ordre materiel de l'adaptation locale.L'approche utilisee pour 1a recherche peut etre qualifiee d'ec010gie culture11e axee sur les systemes. Selon cette approche, on considere que les aspects socio-culture1s de la societe forment un ensemble de connaissances qui, combinees aux donnees derivees de l'environnement, fournissent l' it-formation necessaire a 1.' implantatiotl de stratlgiE:.s propres a l'exploitation des ressources. Les elements de l'organisation sociale offrent done Ie cadre de la structuration des relations sur Ie plan de l'environnement ainsi que sur Ie plan sociologique. Les activites deployees par les Inuit pour assurer leur subsistance sont alors per~ues non pas simplement comme des actions isolees mais comme un processus qui enblobe une vaste gamme de composantes de 1a societe.

Magistro darbe tiriama lauko – krūmynų stirnų (Capreolus capreolus) populiacijos būklė ir tvarkymas Vilkaviškio rajono savivaldybės teritorijoje. Darbo objektas – lauko – krūmynų stirnų populiacijos bei jų naudojimas Vilkaviškio rajono savivaldybės teritorijoje. Darbo tikslas - išnagrinėti lauko-krūmynų stirnų populiacijų būklę Vilkaviškio rajono savivaldybės teritorijoje. Darbo metodai – literatūros loginės ir statistinių duomenų analizė. Darbo rezultatai – Vilkaviškio rajono savivaldybės teritorijos medžioklės ploto vienetai vieni iš palankiausių veistis lauko – krūmynų stirnoms. Šioje teritorijoje buvo sumedžiota 1,39 % stirnų Lietuvos mastu per tiriamus septynerius metus. Kai kuriuose medžioklės ploto vienetuose stirnų populiacija turi tendenciją mažėti. Yra medžioklės plotų, kuriuose dėl išmintingo ūkininkavimo yra palaikoma stabili stirnų populiacija. / This postgraduate thesis examined the field - shrub reo - deer (Capreolus capreolus) population status and management Vilkaviškio the district municipality. Object of the thesis - field - shrub reo - deer population and their use Vilkaviškio the district municipality. Purpose of the thesis – analyse field-shrub Stirnų populations of the state Vilkaviškio the district municipality. Methods of the thesis - logical literature and statistical data anglysis. Rezults of the thesis – Vilkaviškio district units of the territory of the hunting area one of the most favorable reproducing the field – shrub roe deer. In this territory has been hunted the field – shrub roe deer 1.39% level during the seven years in Lithuania. Some of the hunting area units the field – shrub roe deer population has a tendency to decrease. There are hunting areas, where farming is a prudent the field – shrub roe deer maintained a stable population.

In the North Scandinavian area of investigation, which is in focus in this dissertation, seal-hunting has been an important means of livelihood from prehistoric times up to the present. The Swedish-speaking seal-hunters' conceptual system for seal during the 20th century is analysed here. The analysis is mainly based on oral recorded interviews with hunters from the coastal areas around the Gulf of Bothnia – from Norrbotten and Västerbotten in Sweden, and Österbotten in Finland. A cognitive perspective is applied in the analysis, in which focus is on the hunters' knowledge of the seal with the purpose of investigating the construction of the hunters' conceptual system for seal. The dissertation's theoretical starting-point is taken in cognitive linguistics and cognitive anthropology. The investigated vocabulary contains 150 different words for seal. The analysis also includes the cultural and ecological context of the hunt. The hunters' conceptual system for seal is characterised by breadth and variation. There is regional variation in the construction of the conceptual system in the investigated area. In addition to that there is also variation with regard to different hunting seasons, something which is apparent both in the vocabulary and in the structure of the conceptual system. The summer and autumn hunt was not particularly complicated and there was consequently no need for categorising the seal. During this season a limited conceptual system with more general terms was used, which included all seals that were hunted at that time. The late winter and early summer hunt, on the other hand, required an immense amount of knowledge, for example with regard to ecology. In that connection the hunters used an extended conceptual system for seal. The analysis of the conceptual system of the late winter and early summer hunt is based on three different scenarios in which the categories for seal direct the actions of the hunters – in locating the seals in the ice environment, in the hunters' actions during the hunt and in the utilisation of the seal as a resource. A number of categories for seal which were used during the late winter and early spring hunt are the same in the whole area of investigation and can be said to constitute a cognitive and communicative basic level. / digitalisering@umu

This study focus on how two local news papers in the northen part of Sweden reported about the investigation of illegal hunting, called Kalixhärvan, in the years of 1983-1984. The study also adress how this newspapers presented the agents that is mentioned in the newsarticles, who played an importent part during the investigation. The study is based on the analysis of eight articles involving the investigation. The aricales is selected from march 1983 to march 1984. The analys is made using the method of critical linguistics and with the theoretical ground in theories of masculinity and stereotypes. Critical linguistics has five methodological tools which are used in the study. The results of this study showed that the news articles uses stereotypes, language and words to make the news more thrilling. The study also showed that the police goes against the given stereotype in the way that the are portrayed as criminales. The hunters are mostley portrayed as an northern-Swedish stereotype, which are a person who loves the nature, hunting, snowmobiles, weapons and lives in a macho-culture. But they are also portrayed as a criminal group of pepole, who are hunting illegaly with illegal weapones. The study also shows how the witness of the crime are threatened by both hunters and police officers.

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