The purpose of this MSc thesis is to create design and implementation of program for translation of x86 binary code to a high-level programming language. There is described PE file format for executables used in MS Windows operating systems in the first part of work. This document contains general information about instruction set IA-32, especially a way of decoding binary code to assembly language. There are described typical program constructions, which are being used in compilers. Design of creation high-level programming language was inspired by existing programming languages. Conclusion is made about advantages and disadvantages of approach used in this thesis.

<p>Type Ia supernovae can be used as distance indicators for probing the expansion history of the Universe. The method has proved to be an efficient tool in cosmology and played a decisive role in the discovery of a yet unknown energy form, dark energy, that drives the accelerated expansion of the Universe. The work in this thesis addresses the nature of dark energy, both by presenting existing data, and by predicting opportunities and difficulties related to possible future data.</p><p>Optical and infrared measurements of type Ia supernovae for different epochs in the cosmic expansion history are presented along with a discussion of the systematic errors. The data have been obtained with several instruments, and an optimal method for measuring the lightcurve of a background contaminated source has been used. The procedure was also tested by applying it on simulated images.</p><p>The future of supernova cosmology, and the target precision of cosmological parameters for the proposed SNAP satellite are discussed. In particular, the limits that can be set on various dark energy scenarios are investigated. The possibility of distinguishing between different inverse power-law quintessence models is also studied. The predictions are based on calculations made with the Supernova Observation Calculator, a software package, introduced in the thesis, for simulating the light propagation from distant objects. This tool has also been used for investigating how SNAP observations could be biased by gravitational lensing, and to what extent this would affect cosmology fitting. An alternative approach for estimating cosmological parameters, where lensing effects are taken into account, is also suggested. Finally, it is investigated to what extent strongly lensed core-collapse supernovae could be used as an alternative approach for determining cosmological parameters.</p>

<p>Glycogen storage disease type Ia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) catalytic subunit, encoded in humans by G6PC. G6Pase dephosphorylates glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) in the liver to generate glucose that can be shuttled to the bloodstream to maintain normoglycemia. Patients with GSD Ia typically present at 6 months of age with sever hypoglycemia, which is lethal if untreated. The current treatment is a strict dietary regimen in which children must be fed every 2 hours overnight or given nasogastric tube feeding, and adults must consume uncooked cornstarch around the clock to maintain normal blood sugar levels. This treatment maintains survival but fails to prevent other symptoms related to metabolism of the excess G6P, and patients develop hepatic adenomas that may become hepatocellular carcinoma later in life, in addition to progressive renal complications.</p><p>To overcome the problems persisting during dietary therapy, the Koeberl lab has sought to develop gene therapy approaches that use adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to replace the G6pase activity, restoring normoglycemia and normal metabolic processes. However, the vast majority of AAV-delivered genetic material exists as episomes that do not replicate as cells divide, so the effects of AAV gene therapy on GSD Ia mouse and dog models have proven temporary. We hypothesized that driving integration of therapeutic vector genomes into an affected individual's genome would improve beneficial effects' longevity.</p><p>We tested several approaches to accomplish this, and have found positive effects using a zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) that targets the mouse safe harbor ROSA26 locus to induce homologous recombination of the G6PC donor vector into the mouse genome. We were able to see an improvement in mouse survival to 8 months of age, an increase in G6Pase activity at 3 months of age, and a decrease in glycogen accumulation at 3 months of age, when the ZFN vector is administered alongside the G6PC vector, compared with mice that received the G6PC vector alone.</p><p>We have also taken an alternative approach to overcoming the long-term complications of the current dietary treatment, which would augment rather than replace the current treatment. We have examined several drugs known to induce autophagy in other disease models or cell culture systems, to determine if we could manipulate autophagic activity in G6PC knockdown hepatocytes or GSD Ia mice. We have found positive results using rapamycin, a well-studied MTOR inhibitor, in mice and cells, and have screened several other drugs as well, finding positive effects for bezafibrate, mifepristone, carbamazepin, and lithium chloride, in terms of lipid reduction (which accumulates as a symptom of GSD Ia) and/or LC3-II enhancement, which is reduced in GSD Ia due to downregulation of autophagy during G6P accumulation.</p> / Dissertation

On 2014 December 9.61, the All-sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN or "Assassin") discovered ASASSN-141p just similar to 2 days after first light using a global array of 14 cm diameter telescopes. ASASSN-141p went on to become a bright supernova (V = 11.94 mag), second only to SN 2014J for the year. We present prediscovery photometry (with a detection less than a day after first light) and ultraviolet through near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic data covering the rise and fall of ASASSN-141p for more than 100 days. We find that ASASSN-141p had a broad light curve (Delta m(15) (B) = 0.80 +/- 0.05), a B-band maximum at 2457015.82 +/- 0.03, a rise time of 16.941(-0.10)(+0.11) days, and moderate host-galaxy extinction (E (B - V)host = 0.33 +/- 0.06). Using ASASSN-141p, we derive a distance modulus for NGC 4666 of mu = 30.8 +/- 0.2, corresponding to a distance of 14.7 +/- 1.5 Mpc. However, adding ASASSN-141p to the calibrating sample of Type Ia supernovae still requires an independent distance to the host galaxy. Finally, using our early-time photometric and spectroscopic observations, we rule out red giant secondaries and, assuming a favorable viewing angle and explosion time, any nondegenerate companion larger than 0.34 RG(circle dot).

L’image de l’Algérie dans les récits de voyage anglais de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècleNotre étude se propose d’examiner à la lumière de la théorie de l’orientalisme d’Edward Saïd la représentation de l’Algérie et des Algériens dans quatre récits de voyage anglais de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Il s’agit, en effet, de Through Algeria, A Winter in Algeria, Algeria as it is et The New Playground; or, Wanderings in Algeria respectivement de Mabel Sharman Crawford, Mrs. G. Albert Rogers, George Gaskell et Alexander Andrew Knox. L’étude explore ces récits de voyage afin de mettre en lumière la nature de la représentation de l’autre telle qu’elle est faite par ces voyageurs anglais qui ont séjourné durant un hiver dans l’ex-Régence ottomane, devenue une colonie française à partir de 1830. L’étude se divise en trois parties considérant tout d’abord le contexte historique du XIXe siècle, puis les voyageurs anglais et leurs récits de voyage, et enfin la représentation de l’autre. Elle révèle une représentation stéréotypée avec un discours orientaliste comme toile de fond. Fidèle à ce discours, l’attitude des voyageurs anglais envers les Algériens est ambivalente, fait de sympathie et de mépris.Mots Clés : récit de voyage- orientalisme, représentation- altérité- autre- Algérie- exotisme. / The Image of Algeria in the English Travel Writings of the Second Half of the XIX CenturyThe present study aims at exploring in the light of Edward Saïd’s theory of orientalism the image of Algeria and the Algerians in a set of English travel writings of the second half of the XIXth century, Through Algeria, A Winter in Algeria, Algeria as it is and The New Playground; or, Wanderings in Algeria respectively by Mabel Sharman Crawford, Mrs. G. Albert Rogers, George Gaskell and Alexander Andrew Knox .The study examines the nature of the representation of the other as produced by these English travellers who spent a winter in the former Ottoman regency which had become a French colony since 1830. The study is divided into three main parts which deal respectively with the historical context of the XIX century, the travellers and their travel writings and the other’s representation. The study reveals a stereotyped representation due to the background of the orientalist discourse.Key words: travel writing- orientalism- representation- otherness- Other- Algeria- exoticism.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:53:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 382603.pdf: 296807 bytes, checksum: 38261004e2920311f715efbf0e1c9850 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-16 / O Clostridium difficile (Cd) ? um bacilo Gram-positivo, anaer?bio, formador de esporos, amplamente distribu?do no ambiente hospitalar, fazendo parte da microbiota do trato gastrointestinal de humanos e animais. Est? associado com a colite pseudomembranosa (PMC) e outras desordens intestinais, tais como diarr?ia, em virtude do uso pr?vio de antimicrobianos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar retrospectivamente a preval?ncia da toxina A do C. difficile em indiv?duos que realizaram exame no laborat?rio Weinmann no per?odo entre junho de 2003 e dezembro de 2004. Para a pesquisa da toxina A foi utilizado o sistema Vidas?CD Toxin A II (CDA2, Biom?rieux S.A.), que permite a detec??o da toxina A do Cd atrav?s do m?todo ELFA (Enzime Linked Fluorescent Assay). Foram analisados 288 resultados, sendo 91 (31,6%) de origem hospitalar e 197 (68,4%) de origem ambulatorial. A preval?ncia de Cd nas amostras hospitalares foi de 11,0% e nas de origem ambulatorias foi de 11,7%. Nos pacientes idosos (n=139), a m?dia de idade foi de 76,3 anos, com uma mediana de 76 anos, e preval?ncia de Cd de 9,4%. Entre os pacientes hospitalizados que fizeram uso de antibi?ticos, a preval?ncia de Cd foi de 11,5%. O tratamento dos pacientes hospitalizados com um ?nico tipo de antibi?tico mostrou uma rela??o significativa com a positividade para Cd (p=0,001), quando comparado com o uso de mais de uma classe de antibi?ticos. Foi pesquisada uma rela??o entre a preval?ncia de Cd e presen?a de febre, dor abdominal, hipoalbuminemia, desidrata??o, desequil?brio eletrol?tico, leuc?citos fecais e resultado de prote?na C-reativa, sendo verificada uma associa??o estatisticamente significativa somente entre hipoalbuminemia e positividade para Cd (p=0,048).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:54:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 400561.pdf: 791005 bytes, checksum: 99ee58bb630b3870e2f976612cadf151 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-08 / A pesquisa apresenta como objetivo principal investigar o conceito da reminisc?ncia (an?mn?sis), bem como suas poss?veis implica??es na teoria do conhecimento de Plat?o. Isto implica: a) analisar o que ? alma (psych?) em Plat?o; b) analisar o argumento da reminisc?ncia utilizado como justificativa da imortalidade (ath?natos) da psych?; c) trabalhar com a hip?tese de que a reminisc?ncia serve para mostrar a unidade da Virtude (Aret?); d) Demonstrar ser a reminisc?ncia uma tentativa de justificativa te?rica, utilizada por Plat?o, servindo como fundamento de sua Teoria (The?r?a) das Id?ias (Id?ai).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:45:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 401954.pdf: 4699979 bytes, checksum: 800cdf9d0758b6280ceb52622b8dc2f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-28 / A presente pesquisa constitui um estudo de caso cujo objetivo principal consiste em analisar a estrutura organizacional da Igreja Evang?lica Assembl?ia de Deus no munic?pio de Canoas/RS. Para tanto, aborda a hist?ria desta organiza??o religiosa, no Brasil, no Rio Grande do Sul e em Canoas; seu crescimento na d?cada de 1990, sua estrutura administrativa, organizada em conven??es, campos, distritos, congrega??es, centros evangel?sticos e departamentos; sua forma de governo eclesi?stico, em an?lise comparativa com o governo eclesi?stico das Assembl?ias de Deus na regi?o metropolitana da cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ; os locais de culto, suas rela??es de poder, as pr?ticas e estrat?gias de seus dirigentes.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-06-18T12:03:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 470806 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 594844 bytes, checksum: 13a8320d85aa95f4a242505ee468acba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-18T12:03:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 470806 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 594844 bytes, checksum: 13a8320d85aa95f4a242505ee468acba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction: The use of questionnaires for the diagnosis of sleep disorders in children has increased significantly both in the scientific field and in the clinical practice. Objective: To identify the available and validated questionnaires for assessment of sleep in the pediatric population. Methodology: The potential eligible studies published up to June 2014 were identified from a search at Medline, Embase, LILACS, Scielo and Doaj. The search was conducted using a combination of the following terms: (Sleep OR Apnea) AND Questionnaires. Scientific papers that used questionnaires to assess sleep in pediatric population with unrestricted period of publication and language were included. Exclusion criteria were articles that were not related to the pediatric population and also those which did not use sleep assessment questionnaire for this population. Results: Out of the 8,266 articles identified, 8,168 were excluded for two main reasons: not working with the pediatric population or not presenting a questionnaire to assess sleep. Thus, 98 articles were fully analyzed with 105 questionnaires that assessed sleep in pediatric population. From these studies, it was possible to identify 64 different scales that assess sleep disorders in children and adolescents. All of the questionnaires evaluated (n = 105), 70 (67%) were valid. The most commonly cited instruments in the literature were CSHQ (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire), PSQ (Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire), SDSC (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children), PDSS (Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale), SHS (Sleep Habits Survey), MEQ (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), and ISQ (Infant Sleep Questionnaire). These scales were cited in more than 50% of the papers. In the evaluation of the quality criteria of the instruments, the less presented in the studies were the responsiveness and test-retest agreement. Conclusion: There are, in the literature, validated questionnaires for all age groups to assess pediatric sleep which are of easy accessibility and applicability. However, it is still necessary to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instruments, since many scales applied in the clinical practice have no major validation criteria for their usefulness. / Introdu??o: O uso de question?rios para o diagn?stico dos dist?rbios do sono em pediatria tem aumentado expressivamente tanto no meio cient?fico, quanto na pr?tica cl?nica. Objetivo: Identificar os question?rios dispon?veis e validados para avalia??o do sono em popula??o pedi?trica. Metodologia: Os potenciais estudos eleg?veis publicados at? junho de 2014 foram identificados a partir da pesquisa nas bases de dados Medline, Embase, LILACS, Scielo e Doaj. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando a combina??o dos seguintes termos: (Sleep OR Apnea) AND Questionnaires. Foram inclu?dos artigos cient?ficos que utilizaram question?rios para avaliar o sono na popula??o pedi?trica, sem restri??es de per?odo de publica??o e l?ngua. Os crit?rios de exclus?o foram artigos que n?o trabalhavam com popula??o pedi?trica e tamb?m aqueles que n?o apresentavam question?rios de avalia??o do sono nessa popula??o. Resultados: Do total de 8266 de artigos identificados, 8168 foram exclu?dos por dois principais motivos: n?o trabalhavam com popula??o pedi?trica ou n?o apresentavam um question?rio para avaliar sono. Desta forma, foram avaliados 98 artigos na ?ntegra com 105 question?rios que avaliavam sono em uma popula??o pedi?trica. A partir da an?lise desses estudos, foi poss?vel identificar 64 escalas distintas que avaliam dist?rbios do sono em crian?as e adolescentes. Do total de question?rios avaliados (n=105), 70 (67%) foram validados. Os instrumentos mais citados na literatura foram CSHQ (Children?s Sleep Habits Questionnaire), PSQ (Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire), SDSC (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children), PDSS (Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale), SHS (Sleep Habits Survey), MEQ (Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire) e ISQ (Infant Sleep Questionnaire). Essas escalas s?o citadas por mais de 50% dos artigos revisados. Na avalia??o dos crit?rios de qualidade dos instrumentos, os menos apresentados nos estudos foram os de responsividade e concord?ncia teste-reteste. Conclus?o: H? na literatura question?rios validados para todas as faixas et?rias para avaliar o sono pedi?trico, de f?cil acessibilidade e aplicabilidade, mas ainda ? necess?rio avaliar as qualidades psicom?tricas dos instrumentos, pois muitas escalas aplicadas na pr?tica cl?nica n?o possuem crit?rios de valida??o importantes para a sua utilidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:30:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 458173.pdf: 849988 bytes, checksum: 2aaeecaae9f8e5e1eff48a4c0093b2dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-21 / This before - and-after experimental work was carried out to evaluate the influence of a mandibular advancement device for the treatment against sleeping disorders, by comparing the results of the initial and final polysomnography and make an assessment of the improved quality of sleep through the application of polysomnography and sleep quality questionnaire before and after the use of mandibular advancement appliance. Performing correlations between variables of sleep verifying the degree of improvement with the use of mandibular advancement appliance. 19 subjects with a mean age of 39.9 years (SD 12.98) were evaluated before and after the use of mandibular advancement appliance. Was then performed diagnosis by clinical examination, polysomnography and sleep through the SAQ and ESS before using the appliance. After three months, subjects again made polysomnography and answered the SAQ and ESS to assess whether there was an improvement in sleep. To be considered OSAHS, the examination should have an AHI higher than 5 per hour of sleep. The results show there was an improvement in sleep quality, as well as a direct relationship between polysomnography, the ESS- BR and SAQ. Therefore, the mandibular advancement appliance had a positive effect on sleep and did not cause significant side effects in the stomatognathic system in a period of three months / Foi realizado um trabalho do tipo an?lise de banco de dados com objetivo de avaliar a influ?ncia do aparelho de avan?o mandibular no tratamento contra os dist?rbios do sono, atrav?s da compara??o dos resultados da polissonografia inicial e final e fazer uma avalia??o da melhora na qualidade do sono atrav?s da aplica??o da polissonografia e de question?rio de avalia??o de sono (SAQ?) antes e depois da utiliza??o da placa de avan?o mandibular. Realizando correla??es entre vari?veis de sono e verificando o grau de melhora com a utiliza??o de placas de avan?o mandibular. Foram avaliados 19 indiv?duos com idade m?dia de 39,9 anos (DP 12,98) antes e depois do uso da placa de avan?o mandibular. Foi, ent?o, realizado diagn?stico atrav?s do exame cl?nico, da polissonografia e do sono atrav?s do SAQ? e ESS antes do uso da placa. Ap?s tr?s meses, os indiv?duos novamente, fizeram polissonografia e responderam SAQ? e ESSE-BR para avaliar se houve melhora no Sono. Para ser considerado SAHOS, o exame devia apresentar IAH maior que 5 por hora de sono. Observou-se uma melhora na qualidade de sono, al?m de uma rela??o direta entre a polissonografia, o ESE-BR e o SAQ?. Portanto, a placa de avan?o mandibular teve um efeito positivo no sono e n?o provocou efeitos colaterais significantes no sistema estomatogn?tico num per?odo de tr?s meses