Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004 / A Física e a Administração concentram suas pesquisas sobre fenômenos que, de certa forma, se assemelham, fazendo com que nos questionemos a respeito da grande integral do universo a que estamos submetidos. Em uma exploração por analogias, aproxima-se aqui o mundo organizacional ao dos sistemas UnIVerSaIS, instáveis e não-integráveis, onde a flecha do tempo é quem determina a evolução dos mesmos. Mostra-se que na Administração, como na Física, tudo parece convergir na direção de um inesgotável repertório de bifurcações e possibilidades para o destino mercadológico de produtos, serviços e marcas ao longo de um continuum. Para amenizar os efeitos dessas incertezas, é buscada uma simplificação desses complexos sistemas sociais através de uma proposta de modelo baseado em fatores consagrados pela literatura da gestão empresarial como norteadores das escolhas dos consumidores; um processo gaussiano da 'percepção do valor', que pode servir de ferramenta nas decisões estratégicas e gerenciais dentro das empresas. / The physical and the administration sciences focus their researches on phenomenum wich, in some ways, can have similarities, making us to question and ask about the great convergence ofthe systems in the Universe under which we are submitted. Exploring by analogues, this research tries to make sense to put together the organizational and physical systems, unstables and not integratable, moving forward by the time's arrow, that determines the evolution ofthose. In the Administration, as in the Physics, everything seems to converge at the direction of an inexhaustible collection of forks and possibilities, if considering the destiny of products, services and labels during the human history. To soften the effects of those uncertanties, it is fetched a simplification of these complex social systems across a proposal of a model to be constructed and tested, based in some factors established by business management's literature as the guiders of the consumers's choices; a gaussian process of the 'insight value', that can be useful as a tool for the strategic and business managing decisions beyond the companies.

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Objective: To study awareness of cognitive dysfunction in patients with very mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A complaint interview covering 13 cognitive domains was administered to 82 AD and 79 MCI patients and their caregivers. The patient groups were comparable according to age and education, and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were ≥24 in all cases. The discrepancy between the patients’ and caregivers’ estimations of impairments was taken as a measure of anosognosia. Results: Self-reports of cognitive difficulties were comparable for AD and MCI patients. However, while in comparison to caregivers MCI patients reported significantly more cognitive impairment (p < 0.05), AD patients complained significantly less cognitive dysfunctions (p < 0.001). Conclusions: While most MCI patients tend to overestimate cognitive deficits when compared to their caregiver’s assessment, AD patients in early stages of disease underestimate cognitive dysfunctions. Anosognosia can thus be regarded as a characteristic symptom at a stage of very mild AD (MMSE ≥24) but not MCI. Accordingly, medical history even in mildly affected patients should always include information from both patient and caregiver. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Denna kandidatuppsats består av en egen översättning från engelska till svenska av första kapitlet från författaren Jesse Lee Petersons verk From Rage to Responsibility: Black Conservative Jesse Lee Peterson and America Today. Uppsatsen består dessutom av en källtextanalys samt översättningskommentarer som exemplifierar och diskuterar översättarens tillvägagångssätt i att åstadkomma en översättning som uppnår dess syfte. Syftet har primärt varit att överföra källtextinnehållet till måltexten och den djupare förståelse som förmedlas relaterat till ilska, självinsikt, förlåtelse och ansvar, på ett sätt som samtidigt bevarar författarstilen i möjligaste mån. Detta inkluderar en överföring av författarens lättsamma stil och användning av verbala och talspråkliga drag, idiom och kulturreferenser, samt en anpassning av syntax. För att åstadkomma detta har framförallt översättningsteorier och begrepp från Benjamin Walter och Theo Hermans tillämpats under översättningsprocessen och i översättningskommentarerna. / This essay is based on my own translation of the first chapter of author Jesse Lee Peterson’s work From Rage to Responsibility: Black Conservative Jesse Lee Peterson and America Today, in the language pair English to Swedish. The essay also includes a source text analysis, as well as a commentary on my own translation, where the translator’s approach in achieving a target text that accomplishes its aim is discussed and exemplified. The aim has primarily been to transfer the source text’s ideational core to the target text and the deeper understanding that is being conveyed, regarding rage, insight, forgiveness and responsibility, in an equivalent manner which stays faithful to the style of the author, to the extent that is considered possible. This includes the transference of the author’s cultural references, easy going and simple stylistic approach, along with the informal and colloquial language use, as well as a syntactic target language adaptation. To achieve this, the ideas and terms from the translation theorists Benjamin Walter and Theo Hermans have been applied during the translation process and in the commentary.

Group relations events are intended to enable transformation through learning, but such collective experiential events are not explicitly focused on enabling individual group members to derive meaning from them. This research aims to explicate individual learning from the experiences of a group relations event, in order to formulate a process for meaning-making post an intensive experiential event. Literature reviewed provides construct definitions of systems psychodynamic aspects, as well as insight, meaning-making, coaching methods and other approaches to facilitating meaning-making. Systems psychodynamics is the theoretical paradigm that informs a qualitative phenomenological research approach. Data analysis adopted hermeneutic phenomenology to allow for the interpretation of the rich data collected. Multiple case studies were adopted using multi-pronged data collection methods, including semi-structured interviews conducted before the event, as well as both a focus group and Free Association Narrative Interviews (FANI) conducted after the event. The results are reported by case, and this is followed with an interpretation of results by various systems psychodynamic themes. Furthermore, the relationship between personality types and defences mechanisms, with the associative techniques to use for each, have been set forth as additional findings in the thesis. The research hypothesis produced by the study is a meaning-making model to facilitate post-group relations event reflections and debriefing, with the aim of enabling insight formation, learning and adaption by individuals who have participated in such events. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Psychology)

Objective: Lack of insight into illness is common in patients with schizophrenia diagnoses. It is supposed to reflect deficits of executive functioning that are frequently assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Studies on the remediability of WCST deficits in schizophrenia, however, raise doubts about its construct validity and suggest the use of a dynamic pretest-training-posttest paradigm (WCSTdyn) and single-case analysis (Reliable Change Index, RCI) in studies on insight. Moreover, a multifactorial etiology with neurocognitive and motivational factors, as suggested by Startup's (1996) model, has to be taken into consideration. The model hypothesizes a quadratic function of the relationship between insight and cognition, which means that both cognitively impaired and cognitively intact patients with low insight are to be expected. Method: Three interrelated studies on WCSTdyn and insight were conducted. In study 1, the split-half reliability of the WCST-128 was investigated in a non-psychiatric sample (N = 110). Study 2 compared different RCI single-case tests of significance of intraindividual change on data from N = 400 patients with schizophrenia diagnoses. Furthermore, a typology with three homogenous subgroups was developed and first steps toward an external validation were taken. In study 3, the three types of test-takers were compared on two measures of insight (Item G12 of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS]; Osnabrueck Scale of Therapeutic Attitudes and Identification of Psychological Problems in Schizophrenia [OSSTI]). The model by STARTUP (1996) was tested by means of regression and cluster analyses including scales on coping (Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping with Illness, FKV: MUTHNY, 1989) and defensiveness (Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory, ESI-FR: MAß, 2001; N = 85). Results: The WCST-64 was sufficiently stable (r_tt = .70 [Total Number Correct]). Concordances of different RCI methods were high (kappa = .72 - .90). 45 % of the sample consisted of high scorers, in 43 % a low initial score could be normalized by a short training intervention (learners), and in only 12 % of the sample the WCST deficits were not amenable to training (nonlearners). Insight of nonlearners was significantly reduced (G12: g = 0,45). Finally, three clusters were identified with configurations of insight and WCSTdyn scores consistent with the prediction by STARTUP (1996). Patients with intact neurocognition but low insight responded in a significantly more defensive manner (g = 0,38). They did not differ in self-rated coping, however. A quadratic relationship could not be confirmed. Conclusion: The RCI-based performance typology developed in studies 1 and 2 is a universally applicable analytic tool for future studies on insight-limiting neurocognitive deficits with the WCSTdyn. Results from study 3 point in the direction of a multifactorial etiology of lack of insight in schizophrenia with differential contributions of neurocognitive deficits (e.g., interference control) and defensiveness.

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Vorliegende Dissertation ist der ethnomethodologischen Forschung zuzuordnen. Ausgangspunkt ist, dass erwachsenendidaktische Praxis in der Regel mit normativen und deduktiven Analyseinstrumenten erforscht wird, wodurch notwendigerweise respondierende Ergebnisse geliefert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird ein Analysemodell entwickelt, das dazu taugen soll, fallbezogen den Selbstausdruck einer bestimmten empirischen didaktischen Realität zu enträtseln, indem deren Äußerungsformen und Bezüge in abduktiver Forschungsmethodik ausgedeutet werden. Ich nenne dieses Verfahren „handlungshermeneutisch“. Es ist zielführend zur Erschließung von Teilsinn und übergeordnetem Sinn. Das didaktische Analysemodell, das ich im Verlauf der Dissertation auf den Begriff des „alltagsdidaktischen Konfigurationsmodells“ bringe, kann sowohl zur Klärung eigener wie auch fremder Praxis, d.h. selbstdeutend versus fremddeutend verwendet werden. Mit dem alltagsdidaktischen Konfigurationsmodell möchte ich einen Beitrag zur praxisrelevanten erwachsenenpädagogischen Theoriebildung leisten. / The didactics of adult education are usually studied with normative and deductive analytical instruments, which tend to produce results that merely confirm the researcher’s initial observations. This dissertation—an ethnomethodological case study—develops an analytical model for helping the learning facilitator arrive at the self-explication of a specific empirical and didactic reality by interpreting its constituent social and behavioral patterns and aspects through an abductive procedure the author calls “hermeneutics of action”. It effectively informs the decoding of both a specific and an overall context. This analytical tool, which the author comes to name the “everyday didactic configuration model”,can illuminate the inside and outside perspectives on one’s own pedagogical techniques. The model is intended as a contribution to theory-building fruitful for the andragogical community of practice.

At some point during a creative action something clicks, suddenly the prospective problem solver just knows the solution to a problem, and a feeling of joy and relief arises. This phenomenon, called Eureka experience, insight, Aha moment, hunch, epiphany, illumination, or serendipity, has been part of human narrations for thousands of years. It is the moment of a subjective experience, a surprising, and sometimes a life-changing event. In this thesis, I narrow down this moment 1. conceptually, 2. experientially, and 3. temporally. The concept of emerging solutions has a multidisciplinary background in Cognitive Science, Arts, Design, and Engineering. Through the discussion of previous terminology and comparative reviews of historical literature, I identify sources of ambiguity surrounding this phenomenon and suggest unifying terms as the basis for interdisciplinary exploration. Tracking the experience based on qualitative data from 11 creative practitioners, I identify conflicting aspects of existing models of creative production. To bridge this theoretical and disciplinary divide between iterative design thinking and sequential models of creativity, I suggest a novel multi-layered model. Empirical support for this proposal comes from Dira, a computer-based open-ended experimental paradigm. As part of this thesis I developed the task and 40 unique sets of stimuli and response items to collect dynamic measures of the creative process and evade known problems of insightful tasks. Using Dira, I identify the moment when solutions emerge from the number and duration of mouse-interactions with the on-screen elements and the 124 participants' self-reports. I provide an argument for the multi-layered model to explain a discrepancy between the timing observed in Dira and existing sequential models. Furthermore, I suggest that Eureka moments can be assessed on more than a dichotomous scale, as the empirical data from interviews and Dira demonstrates for this rich human experience. I conclude that the research on insight benefits from an interdisciplinary approach and suggest Dira as an instrument for future studies.

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