Submitted by EMILLY GOMES (emillysala@gmail.com) on 2018-07-25T17:53:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Emilly Sales.pdf: 1326284 bytes, checksum: 4977be2f6c5f3dc75ebe7e93975d04fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca Isaías Alves (reposiufbat@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-30T14:47:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Emilly Sales.pdf: 1326284 bytes, checksum: 4977be2f6c5f3dc75ebe7e93975d04fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-30T14:47:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Emilly Sales.pdf: 1326284 bytes, checksum: 4977be2f6c5f3dc75ebe7e93975d04fd (MD5) / CAPES / Esta dissertação objetivou compreender as práticas discursivas de psicólogas/os sobre a atuação psicológica na abordagem às IST/HIV-aids em serviços especializados em uma cidade da Bahia. Para tanto, inspiradas teórico-metodologicamente na perspectiva da psicologia social construcionista, realizamos nove entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais ligadas/os a serviços da rede municipal e estadual de saúde pública, entre maio de 2017 e janeiro de 2018. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, transcritas integralmente e analisadas por meio da análise categorial temática. As/os psicólogas/os destacaram dificuldades e desafios diversos na operacionalização das práticas psicológicas nos serviços de IST/HIV-aids. Essas incitações estão mais relacionadas à apropriação de saberes e fazeres do campo da saúde pública/coletiva do que aos conhecimentos e práticas do núcleo da psicologia. Relacionam-se, especificamente, às desafiações impostas à formação em psicologia para atender às necessidades das pessoas e às finalidades dos programas e políticas; às dificuldades do trabalho em equipe e das características dos serviços de saúde pública; ao cuidado e atenção à subjetividade em um contexto permeado por normativas e prescrições para efetivação da promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças; por fim, ao contexto político atual, que impõe desafios específicos aos/às profissionais de saúde para efetivação das ações e objetivos do SUS. Em alguma medida, eles estão fomentando revisões e (re)invenções das práticas e as/os profissionais têm desenvolvido estratégias para contornálos. Dessa maneira, as instigações também têm forçado a ampliação da perspectiva de atuação profissional, sinalizando uma tendência à abertura na construção de uma clínica psicológica ampliada. Assim, elementos das dimensões social e biológica, e não apenas subjetiva, da clientela dos serviços de saúde têm encontrado espaço de escuta e intervenções psicológicas, em maior ou menor grau a depender das características das/os profissionais e da perspectiva teórica adotada. Apresentamos, portanto, uma discussão em torno da ampliação do objeto, objetivo e meios de intervenção da clínica psicológica nos serviços de IST/HIVaids. Concluímos que a ampliação da clínica psicológica no contexto da saúde pública/coletiva apresenta-se como um processo em construção, mesmo dentro da trajetória de cada profissional. Isso porque, um/a única/o profissional, em diferentes momentos, realiza ações e assume posturas que a/o aproxima ou distancia da proposta da clínica ampliada em saúde. Não existiram dicotomias em que um/a profissional assumiu apenas uma postura restrita e outra/o somente uma postura ampliada da clínica. Apesar disso, alguns repertórios linguísticos apontaram para trajetórias profissionais mais sensíveis às demandas e propostas do contexto de atuação e à construção de atuações mais afeitas/adequadas a essas necessidades. Dessa forma, a construção da clínica ampliada em psicologia se dá entre aproximações e recuos do que seria uma prática clínica mais contextualizada e comprometida com as características do campo de atuação. / This dissertation aimed to understand the discursive practices of psychologists on psychological action in the approach to STI/HIV-aids in specialized services in a city of Bahia. In order to do so, inspired theoretically and methodologically from the perspective of social constructionist psychology, we conducted nine semi-structured interviews with professionals connected to municipal and state public health services between May 2017 and January 2018. The interviews were audio-taped, fully transcribed and analyzed through thematic categorical analysis. Psychologists highlighted several difficulties and challenges in the operationalization of psychological practices in STI/HIV-AIDS services. These incentives are more related to the appropriation of knowledge and practices of the field of public/collective health than to the knowledge and practices of the core of psychology. They relate specifically to the challenges posed to training in psychology to meet people's needs and the purposes of programs and policies; the difficulties of teamwork and the characteristics of public health services; care and attention to subjectivity in a context permeated by regulations and prescriptions for effective health promotion and disease prevention; and finally, to the current political context, which imposes specific challenges on health professionals to implement SUS actions and objectives. To some extent, they are fostering revisions and (re)inventions of practices and practitioners have developed strategies to bypass them. In this way, the instigations have also forced the expansion of the perspective of professional performance, signaling a tendency to openness in the construction of an expanded psychological clinic. Thus, elements of the social and biological dimensions, not only subjective, of the clientele of health services have found listening space and psychological interventions, to a greater or lesser extent depending on the characteristics of the professionals and the theoretical perspective adopted. We present, therefore, a discussion about the magnification of the object, objective and means of intervention of the psychological clinic in the services of STI/HIV-aids. We conclude that the expansion of the psychological clinic in the context of public/collective health presents itself as a process under construction, even within the trajectory of each professional. This is because, a single professional, at different moments, performs actions and assumes positions that approach or distances the proposal of the expanded health clinic. There were no dichotomies in which one professional took only one restricted posture and another only an extended position of the clinic. Nevertheless, some interpretive repertoires pointed to professional trajectories more sensitive to the demands and proposals of the context of action and to the construction of actions that are more responsive to these needs. Thus, the construction of the expanded clinic in psychology occurs between approximations and retreats of what would be a more contextualized clinical practice and committed to the characteristics of the field of action.

Esta pesquisa foi motivada por nossa experiência de quartorze anos como psicólogo no CRT Centro de referencia e Treinamento em DST/Aids. Tem como objetivo principal o estudo das relações estabelecidas entre os psicólogos, que estão na assistência, com as instituições que embasam seu trabalho: a Formação universitária e o Programa de DST/Aids. Isso se deve ao fato de que os profissionais se apropriam de formas muito variadas, tanto com relação aos aspectos contidos na formação, quanto frente as estratégias difundidas pelo Programa. Algumas vezes essas relações são produtoras de conflitos para a prática do profissional, uma vez que se estabelecem frágeis diálogos com aquilo que a configuração do Programa destina ao trabalho do psicólogo. Sendo assim, nossas perspectivas nessa pesquisa nos insere como sujeito do processo que descrevemos, na medida em que nossa primeira observação parte da experiência enquanto profissional. Para a realização da presente investigação examinamos a formação da psicologia no Brasil e suas principais características legadas. Em seguida, estudamos os processos em que os psicólogos entram para o serviço público de saúde principalmente o SUS, em seguida descrevemos e analisamos as passagens realizadas pelo profissional de psicologia no Programa de DST/Aids. Realizamos entrevistas com quatro psicólogos da instituição que estão em diferentes setores. Compreendemos nossos entrevistados a partir das posições teóricas de René Kaës sobre o sujeito do inconsciente como sujeito do grupo, juntamente com as formações psíquicas exigidas nesses processos. Vimos ao final, que os psicólogos apresentam uma série de pactos organizados pelas Alianças Inconscientes posição teórica definida por esse autor. Tais pactos surgem para produzir determinados apaziguamentos de conflitos que surgem no exercício das atividades dos psicólogos e para que se estabeleça algum nível de adaptação. Discutimos por fim que os processos que sustentam e constroem os pactos institucionais tendem a tornar, como processos defensivos, o enfrentamento das contradições e tensões de modo mais suportável. No entanto, tem-se perdas e prejuízos significativos nesses processos, na medida em que as possibilidades criativas do trabalho e a execução de atividades sofrem ameaças; há perdas que se deve enfrentar. Tais enfretamentos devem estar no âmbito da universidade, do diálogo entre esta e as demandas que se estabelecem pela área da saúde e finalmente pela formação de profissionais mais investigadores / This research has been motivated from our fourteen years of experience as psychologist at CRT Centre of Reference and Training on IST/Aids. We have been observed such as different forms of appropriations of the strategies from the programme; sometimes traditionally or others in conflict, by psychologist community. The observation of conflicts related to new needs of approaches in the Aids fields was kept along all our experience in the institution. The forms from which psychologists use the university education in order to give them background are not always steady among them. So, this present work aims to investigate the relations built and kept by psychologists with those responsible institutions for their carrying out work: University Education and the IST/Aids Programme public policies. As first plan, we developed investigation on the origins of psychology in Brazil, considering its main aspects and trends. As following, we studied the formation and organization of public health in Brazil and the belonging process of psychologists to this. After this we studied and analized aspects of the appropriation by psychologists in the IST/Aids Programme and its proposed strategies, in order to verify how psychologists handle with strategies which might be familiar or not to them. We interviewed four psychologists who act out in distinct sectors of CRT. Some of them are much more closed to a sort of clinical work and the two others act out more closed to the Programme strategies. We understood our subjects of research the psychologists from the theoretical position developed by the french psychoanalyst René Kaës, for whom the subject of unconscious as being subject of the group and in the same time there are the particular psychic formation demanded by such processes. In the end, we could observe that the psychologists have been developed an amount of pacts structured by Unconscious Alliances, theory developed by René Kaës. These pacts occur in order to produce such as appeasement of conflicts, present in the institutional activities and still to promote such a kind of adaptation and belonging to the group. We discussed, as last words, that those institutional pacts work as defensive processes, in order to avoid contradictions and tensions and, by other side keeping the life in institution under control. However, one can notice losses and damages during theses processes in that creative potential and the activities work can be threatened. It is important to face all of this in the field of university in dialogue with the strategies proposed by the public health and, as final, one must face that by building investigator professionals, as well

Les cultes mémoriels sont abordés de manière pragmatique pour établir la réalité des pratiques, leur durée, leur importance et leur évolution. Pour cela, la nécropole de Pépy Ier, à Saqqâra, fait l’objet d’une attention particulière et un corpus inédit de 160 tables d’offrandes est présenté en intégralité.Dans une première partie, l’étude cherche à caractériser les lieux d’implantation du culte. Elle permet de constater une hiérarchie de ces lieux par une sectorisation de l’espace funéraire et un investissement progressif de l’espace urbain avec les chapelles privées puis les temples divins. La deuxième partie se concentre sur les pratiques elles-mêmes. Les principaux supports sont analysés : la table d’offrandes, la stèle, la statue. Chacun est décrit dans sa spécificité et en relation avec les rites prévus. Une attention particulière est portée également aux bâtiments, notamment les différents types de chapelles privées.La dernière partie analyse les motivations du culte, que l’on peut répartir en trois grandes catégories : les pratiques administratives, les intentions relevant de la piété et les pratiques dévotionnelles.Ces trois aspects démontrent conjointement une évolution des mentalités avec le développement, à partir de la VIe dynastie, des pratiques individualistes, en suppléance des pratiques administratives et collectives traditionnelles.Le second volume présente le corpus des tables d’offrandes de la nécropole de Pépy Ier. Une analyse approfondie de leur datation est réalisée au moyen d’une sériation par permutation matricielle. Elle met en évidence pour la première fois 8 périodes successives entre le début de la VIe dynastie et l’avènement du Moyen Empire. / Memorial cults are discussed in a pragmatic way to establish the actual practices, their duration, their importance and their evolution. For this, the necropolis of Pepy Ist at Saqqara, is the subject of special attention and a corpus of 160 unpublished offering tables is presented in full.In the first part, the study seeks to characterize locations of cult places. It reveals a hierarchy of these places by a sectorization of the necropolises and a progressive intrusion in urban area with private chapels and divine temples.The second part focuses on the practices themselves. The main materials are analyzed: the offering table, the stele, the statue. Each is described in its specificity and relation to rituals provided. Particular attention is paid also to buildings, including the different types of private chapels.The final section analyzes the motivations of cults that can be divided into three main categories: administrative practices, intentions within the piety and devotional practices.These three aspects together indicate a change in social history with the development, from the sixth dynasty, of individualistic practices, in substitution of administrative and communal traditional practices.The second volume presents the corpus of offering tables from the necropolis of Pepy Ist. A thorough analysis of their dating is performed using a matrix permutation seriation. It reveals for the first time eight successive periods between the beginning of the sixth dynasty and the advent of the Middle Kingdom.

Stephan Groetzner is a contemporary German writer whose book So ist das is said to be mysterious— the novel surprises with its conciseness as well as the mix of an unusual, almost poetic form and a simple syntax. It thus opens the doors to various interpretations. The thesis deals with the question if the brief and concise language in So ist das influences the development of the narrative elements time and space. Furthermore, it canvasses the consequences its influence might have when it comes to genre attribution. The essential theories for the discussion are Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan's Narrative Fiction, Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics as well as Nicole Mahne's Transmediale Erzähltheorie, with a narratological perspective on time and space. Moreover, literary-historical works like Andrew Thacker's The Imagist Poets, Yoshinobu Hakutani's Haiku and Modernist Poetics, Bertram Müller's Absurde Literatur in Rußland as well as Albert Camus' The Myth of Sisyphus play a decisive role in the analysis. The goal of this thesis is to bring the unique style of a rather unknown contemporary writer from Germany into the context of other art forms like comics, haiku, imagism and absurdism, and to discuss what kind of outcomes the conciseness might have, regarding its influence on the narrative elements time and space as well as on the genre attribution.

Situé entre le VIIe et le XVIe siècle de notre ère, le phénomène mégalithique sénégambien est contemporain de l'émergence et du développement de grandes entités politiques tels que le Ghâna, le Tekrûr et le Mâli. Depuis les années 1970, les recherches archéologiques menées sur les architectures mégalithiques du Sénégal et de Gambie contribuent à mettre en avant une riche culture matérielle se présentant notamment sous la forme de poteries entières, parfois déposées en façade orientale des monuments, et d'un abondant mobilier fragmenté. Toutefois, le manque de contextes stratifiées constitua longtemps un obstacle à la compréhension de ces productions céramiques en diachronie. Or, depuis 2005, les fouilles archéologiques conduites sur la nécropole de Wanar (Sénégal) (dir. L. Laporte et H. Bocoum) révèlent des contextes soigneusement renseignés, permettant de situer le mobilier céramique par rapport aux séquences architecturales et funéraires propres à chaque monument. Ces données nouvelles constituent le cadre de référence de notre étude céramique. Afin d'appréhender au mieux la diversité des productions céramiques liées à ces architectures funéraires, nous avons choisi d'adopter une approche croisée du mobilier céramique. Celle-ci combine l'étude des répertoires morphologiques, des motifs et des techniques décoratives et, finalement des chaines opératoires de façonnage. La périodisation obtenue pour la nécropole de Wanar sert ici de fondement à l'établissement d'une périodisation générale des productions céramiques, valable pour l'ensemble de l'aire mégalithique sénégambienne. Cette séquence souligne notamment l'abandon progressif des poteries adaptables en couvercle, à vocation funéraire, pour des exemplaires incompatibles avec cette fonction, à vocation commémorative. Ces changements trouvent un écho particulier dans les contextes archéologiques et ethnographiques de l'Afrique de l'ouest aux Ier et IIe millénaires de notre ère. / Located between the 7th and the 16th century AD, the Senegambian megalithic phenomenon is contemporary with the emergence and development of large political entities such as Ghàna, Tekrûr and Mâli. Since the 1970's, archaeological research carried out on the megalithic architectures of Senegal and Gambia has contributed ta highlighting a rich material culture, notably in the form of whole pottery, sometimes deposited on the eastern facades of the monuments, and an abundant fragmented furniture. However, the lack of stratified contexts was for a long time an obstacle to the understanding of these ceramics productions in diachrony. However, since 2005, archaeological excavations conducted on the necropolis of Wanar (Senegal) (directed by L. Laporte and H. Bocoum) reveal carefully informed contexts, allowing to locale the ceramic furniture in relation to the architectural and funerary sequences specific to each monument. These new data constitute the frame of reference of our ceramic study. ln order to better understand the diversity of ceramic productions related to these funerary architectures, we chose to adopt a cross-approach of ceramic furniture. This combines the study of morphological repertoires, motifs and decorative techniques, and finally shaping operating chains. The periodization obtained for the Wanar necropolis serves here as the basis for the establishment of a general periodization of ceramic productions, valid for the whole megalithic area of Senegambia. This sequence highlights the progressive abandonment of pottery adaptable as lids, used in funerary contexts, for new vessels incompatible with this lid function. ln this case, pottery adopts a commemorative role. These changes find particular resonance in the archaeological and ethnographic contexts of West Africa in the 1st and 2nd millennia of our era.

Mots clés : Groupe à Haut risque - Typologie - TS - HSH –VIH -IST- Afrique CentraleProblématique : Les femmes travailleuses du sexe (TS) et les hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels avec des hommes (HSH) constituent les populations les plus à risque d’infection au VIH dans différents pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. A ce jour, très peu d’interventions sont menées pour réduire le risque d’infection en influant sur les facteurs de risque dans ces deux populations en Afrique Centrale et particulièrement en République Centrafricaine. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’établir une typologie documentée des transactions sexuelles féminines à Bangui et de mesurer la prévalence du VIH et des comorbidités associées dans ces deux populations.Méthodologie : D’abord de 1384 femmes volontaires sensibilisées ont été recrutées sur les lieux de leurs activités et orientées au niveau du site de l’enquête. Parmi lesquelles 345 ont été identifiées comme travailleuses du sexe. Et, par effet « boule de neige », 131 Hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des Hommes (HSH) ont été recrutés pour constitués la deuxième population de l’étude. Des analyses biologiques ont été effectuées. Un volet d’entretien est réalisé auprès de 20 TS.Résultats : Les résultats en ce qui concerne les TS montrent que cette pratique est très hétérogène et que la prévalence du VIH varie selon les catégories. Ainsi, la prévalence du VIH était de 6 fois plus élevé chez les "katas" que chez les "pupulenge" (39,1% contre 6,3%). Parmi les TS non professionnel, les «élèves/étudiants», «fonctionnaires ou salariées » et «femmes au foyer» étaient moins infectées par le VIH (6,1%, 9,8%, 13,0%, respectivement), tandis que les «vendeuses ambulantes», constituait la catégorie la plus touchées par le VIH (31,9%). Et, l'infection à VIH était fortement associée à la pratique du sexe anal avec les clients (OR ajusté, 4.3), à l'utilisation ou non du préservatif avec les clients (OR ajusté, 24.9), à la consommation d'alcool avant le travail du sexe (OR ajusté, 2.8) et à la notion d’antécédents d'IST (OR ajusté, 4.2).La population de HSH à Bangui est identifiée pour la première fois comme un groupe à haut risque pour l’infection à VIH, étant 5 fois plus infectées par le VIH que la population générale d'adultes hétérosexuels. Parmi eux 20 % étaient infectés par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) (Ag HBs), dont 6 cas étaient co- infectés par le VIH et le VHB et dans 3,8 % cas la sérologie positive pour la syphilis. Les HSH à Bangui ont donc besoin d'interventions d'urgence spécifiques de prévention et de soins de santé.Conclusion : Les résultats de ce travail permis de mieux caractérisés et documentés les populations des femmes TS et les HSH à Bangui. Deux groupes de populations « originales » pour la République Centrafricaine, vulnérables et à haut risque d’infection à VIH. / Keywords : high risk group- typology - FSW - MSM –HIV -STD- Central AfricanBackground: The population of female sex workers (FSW) and the group of men who have sex with men (MSM) constitutes a priori an important core group of HIV transmission. In the context of the Central African Republic the situation of FSW and MSM is yet unknown. The objectives of this thesis were to establish a documented typology of female sexual transactions in Bangui and to measure the prevalence of HIV and associated comorbidities in these two populations.Materials and Methods: First 1384 sensitized female volunteers were recruited to the site of their activities and oriented at the survey site. Finally, 345 FSW questionnaires were selected for study analysis. MSM were recruited on a voluntary basis by the way of local network of nonprofit organizations working in the field of HIV infection. Included MSM were referred to the National STD center of Bangui for social, behavioral and medical evaluation. After collection of social and behavioral characteristics, each participant received a physical examination and a blood sample was taken for HIV and STD testing.Main results: Female prostitution in the CAR is remarkably heterogeneous. Risk-taking regarding HIV infection is very different between each category of female prostitution. HIV varied according to FSW categories, Thus, HIV prevalence was 6-fold higher among « kata » than « pupulenge » (39.1% versus 6.3%).Among non professionnal FSW, « students », « civil servants » and « housewifes » were the less infected (6.1%, 9.8%, 13.0%, respectively), whereas « sellers » constituted the category of highest HIV prevalence (31.9%).HIV infection in the whole study FSW population was strongly associated with anal sex practice with last clients (adjusted OR, 4.3), condom use in last 3 months (adjusted OR, 24.9), alcohol consumption before sex (adjusted OR, 2.8) and past history of STIs (adjusted OR, 4.2). The population of MSM in Bangui is identified for the first time as a yet unexpected high-risk group for HIV, being 5-fold higher HIV-infected than the general adult heterosexual population. The 131 (100%) MSM accepted blood sampling: 24 % were HIV-1-infected; 20% were infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) (Ag HBs), including 6 cases of co-infection by HIV and HBV; 3,8 % showed positive syphilis serology. The MSM in Bangui, needing urgently specific interventions for prevention and heath care.Conclusion: The results of this work led to better characterized and documented populations of women and TS MSM in Bangui. Two groups population "original" for the Central African Republic, vulnerable and at high risk of HIV infection.

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Der vorliegende Beitrag ist Teil der Bedarfs- und Ist-Stand-Analyse, die als wissenschaftliches Fundament der zu entwickelnden Videoplattform im Freistaat Sachsen dient. Dabei sollten Anforderungen und Bedarfe sächsischer Hochschulen bzw. der Akteure in Bezug auf videobasierte Inhalte in den Funktionsbereichen Lehre, Forschung und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (hochschulspezifisch und -übergreifend) erhoben werden. Im Fokus des Beitrags stehen die Ergebnisse der Sachstandserhebung 1 zur Videonutzung an sächsischen Hochschulen. Es wurde u. a. ein Vorschlag für eine Systematik der verschiedenen Videotypen erarbeitet, der ebenfalls vorgestellt wird.

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Im vorliegenden Beitrag „In der Börse, am Hain und im Museum. Friktionen Urbaner Praxis im Ausstellen von Stadtgeschichte“ wird anhand künstlerisch-kuratorischer Kooperationen mit dem Stadtgeschichtlichen Museum Leipzig beschrieben, inwiefern auch museale Institutionen Räume Urbaner Praxis darstellen und maßgeblich verantwortlich dafür sind, wie städtischer Raum gelesen und gestaltet wird. Als öffentliche Institutionen haben Museen Zugriff auf Räume im Sinne einer Dynamisierung in der Zeit und „verwalten“ gleichzeitig mit den Archiven und Sammlungen deren Zugänglichkeit und das Wissen über deren bisherige Vorstrukturierung, Besetzung und Prägung. Anhand zweier Beispiele, einer performativen Intervention in der Alten Handelsbörse Leipzig und einer künstlerischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Richard-Wagner-Hain, wird die Verschränkung von Historie und Gegenwart städtischer Räume mit aktuellen Fragen einer demokratischen Gesellschaft beschrieben.