Problembakgrund: Detaljhandeln har länge karakteriserats som en feminiserad bransch,där kvinnor varit överrepresenterade. Fastän kvinnor utgör merparten av de anställda ibranschen, så är de disproportionerligt representerade i chefspositioner. Vilket beror på attkvinnors möjligheter till att nå en chefsposition varit mycket liten. Förklaringen kanhänföras till att kvinnor historisk sett har upplevt faktorer som hindrar deraskarriärutveckling, vilka män däremot inte har mött. Vilket har inneburit en ickejämställdhet mellan könen vad gäller deras möjligheter att klättra uppför i arbetslivet. Attkvinnor mött utmaningar när det kommer till att nå högre positioner kan konstateras,däremot har tidigare studier identifierat både faktorer som har underlättat och försvåratför de båda könen i deras karriärutveckling till butikschef i detaljhandeln. Syfte: Kandidatuppsatsens syfte är att få en ökad förståelse för de potentiella faktorersom kan inverka på manliga och kvinnliga butikschefers karriärutveckling i ett stortsvenskt detaljhandelsföretag. Det vill säga de upplevda faktorer som hittills underlättat endetaljhandelschefs karriär i Sverige, och de upplevda faktorer som dessa varuhuscheferupplever varit problematiska för deras karriärutveckling. Metod: Kandidatuppsatsen utgår ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där data för studiensamlats in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem kvinnliga och fem manligavaruhuschefer i ett stort svenskt detaljhandelsföretag. Resultat: Kandidatuppsatsen visar utifrån varuhuschefernas upplevelser att en utvecklinghar skett jämfört med tidigare studier då de kvinnliga och manliga respondenterna idagupplever färre faktorer som har försvårat och fler faktorer som har underlättatkarriärutvecklingen. Trots att en förbättring har påvisats finns fortfarande belägg för attkvinnor, dock i lägre utsträckning, fortfarande upplever fler faktorer som har försvåratderas karriärutveckling, och att män upplever fler faktorer som har underlättat deraskarriärutveckling, som en jämförelse könen emellan. Författarna har även kunnatidentifiera två nya faktorer som ett bidrag till kommande studier. / Background and problem: Retail has long been characterized as a feminized trade,where women have been overrepresented. Although women make up the majority of theemployees in the trade, they are disproportionately represented in managerial positions.Which is because women's opportunities to reach a managerial position have been verysmall. The explanation can be attributed to the fact that women have historicallyexperienced factors that prevent their career progression, which men, on the other hand,have not encountered. Which has meant a non-equality between the sexes in terms oftheir opportunities to ascend in their work. It can be stated that women have facedchallenges when it comes to reaching higher positions, however, previous studies haveidentified both factors that have facilitated and made it more difficult for both sexes intheir career progression as store managers in retail. Purpose: The purpose of the bachelor thesis is to gain an increased understanding of thepotential factors that can affect the career progression of male and female store managersin a large Swedish retail company. That is, the perceived factors that have so farfacilitated a retail manager's career in Sweden, and the perceived factors that these retailstore managers experience have been problematic for their career progression. Method: The bachelor thesis is based on a qualitative research method where the data forthe study was collected with the help of semi-structured interviews with five female andfive male retail store managers in a large Swedish retail company. Results: The bachelor thesis shows, based on the retail store managers' experiences, thata development has taken place compared with previous studies, as the female and malerespondents today experience fewer factors that have made it more difficult and morefactors that have facilitated their career progression. Although an improvement has beendemonstrated, there is still evidence that women, albeit to a lesser extent, still experiencemore factors that have hampered their career progression, and that men experience morefactors that have facilitated their career development, as a comparison between the sexes. The authors have also been able to identify two new factors as a contribution to futurestudies.

En el presente trabajo de investigación, se ha desarrollado la validación del modelo de negocio de la creación del aplicativo Llapa. Esta es una plataforma de dropshipping que básicamente es una tienda online que se encargará de ser un intermediario para que los emprendedores peruanos puedan ofrecer y vender sus productos y servicios. Este aplicativo se encuentra dirigido a dos segmentos, el primero es a hombres y mujeres entre los 18 y 30 años, que residen en Lima Metropolitana y pertenecen a los niveles socioeconómicos A y B: el segundo segmento son los emprendedores peruanos que deseen vender sus productos y servicios de manera online en Lima Metropolitana. Tras la coyuntura actual de la pandemia se ha observado un crecimiento del comercio electrónico en el país, lo que se ha podido comprobar luego de la revisión de fuentes primarias y secundarias, así como también de las entrevistas realizadas a lo largo de toda la investigación a expertos y usuarios. Por lo cual, consideramos que Llapa es un proyecto innovador que no cuenta con competidores que ofrezcan la misma oferta que se encuentra relacionada a brindar la oportunidad a emprendedores de nuestro país en dar a conocer sus negocios en diferentes categorías como alimentos y bebidas, textiles, aparatos electrónicos, belleza bienestar y salud, libros, hogar y muebles, juguetes y hobbies. Se puede afirmar que la propuesta de valor del modelo de negocio es viable en el mercado limeño. Por último, se procedió a realizar el plan financiero del proyecto para evaluar su viabilidad, obteniendo como resultados que será necesario una inversión inicial, se tendrán costos operativos, gastos administrativos y de ventas. Además, se realizó la estimación de las ventas en base al concierge y fuentes secundarias. Con todo lo anteriormente mencionado se puede concluir que Llapa es un proyecto viable, ya que presentó un VAN positivo de 2,790,443 soles y una TIR de 35%. / In this research work, the validation of the business model for the creation of the Llapa application has been developed. This is a dropshipping platform that is basically an online store that will be in charge of being an intermediary so that Peruvian entrepreneurs can offer and sell their products and services. This application is aimed at two segments, the first is for men and women between 18 and 30 years old, who reside in Metropolitan Lima and belong to socioeconomic levels A and B: the second segment is Peruvian entrepreneurs who wish to sell their products and online services in Metropolitan Lima. After the current situation of the pandemic, a growth in electronic commerce has been observed in the country, which has been verified after the review of primary and secondary sources, as well as the interviews carried out throughout the investigation to experts and users. Therefore, we consider that Llapa is an innovative project that does not have competitors that offer the same offer that is related to providing the opportunity to entrepreneurs in our country to publicize their businesses in different categories such as food and beverages, textiles, electronic devices, beauty, wellness and health, books, home and furniture, toys and hobbies. It can be said that the value proposition of the business model is viable in the Lima market. Finally, the financial plan of the project was carried out to evaluate its viability, obtaining as results that an initial investment will be necessary, there will be operating costs, administrative and sales expenses. In addition, the sales estimate was made based on the concierge and secondary sources. With all the aforementioned, it can be concluded that Llapa is a viable project, since it presented a positive NPV of 2,790,443 soles and an IRR of 35%. / Trabajo de investigación

The number of people who buy their groceries via e-commerce at least once a month has increased since the start of the covid-19 pandemic. As food and food production contributes about 20 to 30 percent of the total consumption-related environmental impact in Europe, a change in consumer behavior is required. To encourage more sustainable consumer behavior nudging can be implemented. Digital nudging is an interface tool that can be applied in cases of influencing people to do a certain desired action. The scientific literature confirms that a knowledge gap exists in how nudging can be used as previous research has focused more on why nudging is beneficial. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate how nudging can be used in a web-based grocery store to influence consumers to make more sustainable choices. The study uses a qualitative research strategy with semi-structured interviews as a data collection method. The results show that a lack of knowledge regarding the concept of sustainability and sustainable products is the biggest obstacle when it comes to trying to influence consumers to make sustainable choices. For this reason, the study's four nudge proposals are mainly intended to educate consumers about sustainable foods in connection with purchasing them via e-commerce. A need has been identified for future research studies to investigate how nudges can be designed for different customer segments and behavioral groups. In addition, there is a need for similar research studies to be conducted where the consumer perspective is included and explored.

The subject of this diploma thesis is a proposal of a warehouse hall and an operation hall in Sokolnice. A land of the investor is located on Kobylnická street. Designed building is devided into two buildings which are a warehouse hall and an administrative building. The warehouse hall is designed as three-ship and has one floor above the ground. This building is designed for feed storage and breeding needs. The administrative building has got two floors above the ground. There is an office space for administrative company activity, facilities for employees and a company store. The support system of both buildings is made of steel structure, which is clad with insulating sandwich panels. A ceiling construction in the administrative building is also designed of steel support elements and trapezoidal sheet metal which is covered with a concrete layer. A roof construction of both buildings is flat, single skin and drained by means of a vacuum pipe. A roof composition consists of trapezoidal sheet metal, vapor barriers, dropped thermal insulator and from coating waterproofing. Internal layout is designed from plasterboard partitions. Thermal insulation in the plinth area at the warehouse is solved by using ETICS system. Foundation structures are designed as monolithic. Diploma thesis, according to the assignment, contain the creating of project documentation for the construction.

The main purpose of this thesis is to describe in detail the processes of selected parts of the construction technology project for the construction of the department store Galéria Lučenec, based on the project documentation provided by the principal engineer. It is a large-scale new building with a cast-in-place reinforced concrete load-bearing structure with steel elements located in the center of Lučenec. The diploma thesis consists of the main parts such as the technical report of the construction technology project, a detailed coordination situation of the construction site, and a detailed time and financial plan of individual buildings. Within the main building, a study of the main technological stages of construction, elaboration of the project site equipment together with the associated design documentation and the technical report, design of the main construction machines and mechanisms, time schedule of the main building processes, and an item budget are described. Within the technological regulation and the control plan, the diploma thesis is focused on the cast-in-place structures of the superstructure. In the final part of the project, there are chapters devoted to topics such as occupational health and safety on the construction site, evaluation of LEED 2009 certification, the procedure for securing the construction pit, and the assessment of the main vertical lifting mechanisms.

En el contexto competitivo en el que nos encontramos se puede ver como cada vez se va potenciando algo que viene creciendo desde los últimos 10 años: El comercio electrónico. La percepción positiva de los consumidores sobre el desempeño de los sitios de compra online es un punto clave y no solo se ha convertido en una estrategia, sino que también es un factor diferencial para atraer clientes. En este sentido, explorar la calidad de servicio percibida por los consumidores en diferentes categorías y segmentos se ha convertido en una de las principales preocupaciones por los expertos del marketing. El objetivo de este estudio es el de investigar la correlación del modelo E-S-Qual y su relación con las variables: e-satisfaction, e-trust e e-loyalty en la categoría de e-grocery store. El público objetivo de la investigación son personas que cuentan con experiencia en las compras de la categoría mencionada y una frecuencia no menor a dos veces por mes. Los datos se obtendrán de una muestra de 400 participantes, que serán escogidos por la técnica de muestreo por conveniencia. A los cuales, se les suministrarán cuestionarios estructurados de tres secciones: preguntas filtro, preguntas demográficas y preguntas relacionadas con las variables en estudio. Asimismo, se analizarán los resultados por medio de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, implementando la técnica tipo Partial Least Squares (PLS) y el software Smart-PLS. / In the competitive context in which we find ourselves, we can see how something that has been growing for the last 10 years is becoming more and more important: The e-commerce. The positive perception of consumers about the performance of online shopping sites is a key point and has not only become a strategy, but also a differential factor to attract customers. In this sense, exploring the quality of service perceived by consumers in different categories and segments has become one of the main concerns for marketing experts. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation of the E-S-Qual model and its relationship with the variables: e-satisfaction, e-trust and e-loyalty in the e-grocery store category. The target audience of this research are people who have experience in shopping in the mentioned category and a frequency of not less than twice a month. The data will be obtained from a sample of 400 participants, who will be chosen by the convenience sampling technique. They will be given structured questionnaires with three sections: filter questions, demographic questions and questions related to the variables under study. Likewise, the results will be analyzed by means of a structural equation model, implementing the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique and the Smart-PLS software. / Trabajo de investigación

In recent years, the requirements for last mile deliveries have increased and therefore it has become important for e-commerce companies to offer their customers different delivery methods to meet their requirements. Because of these increasing demands and requirements, suppliers are given stronger reasons to evolve their delivery methods to achieve a balance between customer satisfaction and efficiency. Therefore, it is important that suppliers know what their customers are asking for. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the factors that lie behind and influence consumers' choice of delivery options when shopping online in Sweden. To answer the purpose, two questions were formulated. The first question concerns the factors that influence customers' choice of delivery options when shopping online. The second question concerns which delivery option among home delivery, pick-up points and in-store pickup e-commerce customers prefer, and the reason behind that. In order to answer the purpose and the questions, the collection of relevant information from previous research has taken place where a theoretical overview of the chosen topic was created. Two focus group interviews were also carried out, which were then analyzed and connected with previous research. The study's findings show that the factors that often underlie customers' choice of delivery options are time, convenience, price, previous experience with delivery failure and, in some cases, Word of Mouth. It was also found that the most preferred delivery option is pick-up points. The reason is that delivery points are often considered to be the convenient option. According to customers, it is also a safe method as the risk of failed deliveries is lower. In addition, it contains an innovation, smart parcel boxes that are appreciated by several customers. / I takt med e-handelsutvecklingen, har kraven på sista milen leveranser ökat och därför har det blivit viktigare att erbjuda kunder olika leveranssätt som uppfyller deras krav. På grund av dessa krav som ökar, får leverantörer starkare skäl att utveckla sina leveransmetoder för att uppnå en balans mellan kundnöjdhet och effektivitet. Därför är det viktigt att leverantörer känner till vad e-handelskunder efterfrågar. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera vilka faktorer som ligger bakom och påverkar konsumenters val av leveransalternativ vid onlinehandel i Sverige. För att besvara syftet formades två frågeställningar. Den ena frågeställningen handlar om vilka faktorer som påverkar e-handelkunders val av leveransalternativ när de handlar online. Den andra frågeställningen handlar om vilket leveransalternativ bland hemleverans, utlämningsställen och hämtning i butik e-handelskunder föredrar, och vad anledningen är till detta. För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna har insamling av relevant information från tidigare forskning skett där en teoretisk överblick om det valda ämnet skapades. Det utfördes även två fokusgruppsintervjuer som därefter analyserades och kopplades ihop med tidigare forskning. Studiens resultat visar att faktorerna som ofta ligger bakom e-handelkunders val av leveransalternativ är tid, bekvämlighet, pris, tidigare erfarenhet av leveransmisslyckande och i vissa fall, Word of Mouth. Det konstaterades även att det mest föredragna leveransalternativet som oftast används av e-handelskunder är utlämningsställen. Detta eftersom att utlämningsställen ofta anses vara det bekväma alternativet. Det är enligt kunderna även ett säkert alternativ då risken för misslyckade leveranser är mindre. Dessutom innehåller det en innovation, paketboxar som uppskattas av flera kunder.

This study addresses the issue of consumers’ wish to shop more sustainable fashion butinstead turning to fast fashion (Islam et al., 2021; Silva et al. 2020; Wang et al., 2022). With that said, this study discusses and examines how marketing benefits the second-hand clothes market in Sweden. Entrenched in market studies of market-shaping, market devices and actor network theory (ANT) (Nenonen et al., 2019; Muniesa et al., 2007; Sayes, 2013), this study depicts the use of market devices in the process of shaping the second-hand clothes market in Sweden. The methodology of the thesis consists of online and offline observations throughout Arkivet’s four market devices: in-store, digital media, website and e-commerce. The results show that Arkivet’s market devices reframe the market, the products within it and the interactions between buyers and sellers, which ties in with the factors necessary for market-shaping (discovering value potential and mobilizing resources) (Nenonen et al. 2019). Based on previous market studies and the observations conducted, this study assembles a newly created model representing the role market devices assume in the process of shaping an existing market.

Dagligvaruhandeln har i många år präglats av stor osäkerhet och okunskap där ansvariga chefer inte har haft full förståelse för följderna som uppkommer genom resultatet av deras beslut. Under våren 2020 utbröt covid-19, en pandemi som skakade om hela världen. Vilket gjorde att dagligvaruhandeln började tappa besökare och den kompletterande handelsmöjlighetens tillväxt sköt i taket, nämligen e-handeln. Till en början med den ökade tillväxten var det svårt för företagen att hänga med och därav ändrades företagets strategi. När företag ändrar sin strategi resulterar det i att dem även måste ändra sin ekonomistyrning. Studien utfördes med en kvalitativ metod genom att göra en flerfallstudie i en Ica och en Coop butik. Datainsamlingsmetoden som användes var främst semistrukturerade intervjuer där tre anställda från Ica medverkade, respektive fyra från Coop. Respondenterna valdes ut med grund av att de hade olika befattningar inom företagen och förväntades besitta den kunskap som behövdes. Företag som följt med i den snabbskjutande tillväxten har fått uppleva både interna och externa förändringar som ändå resulterat i att ekonomistyrningen varit positiv. E-handeln är förhoppningsvis här för att stanna och företagen ser ljust på framtiden. / The grocery trade has for many years been characterized by uncertainty and ignorance where responsible managers have not had a full understanding of the consequences that arise from the results of their decisions. In the spring of 2020, covid-19 erupted, a pandemic that shook the world. Which meant that the grocery trade began to lose visitors and the growth of the complementary trade opportunity shot to the ceiling, e-commerce. At first, with the increased growth, it was difficult for the companies to keep up and as a result, the company's strategy changed. When companies change their strategy, it results in them also having to change their financial management. The study was performed using a qualitative method by conducting a multiple case study in an Ica and a Coop store. The data collection method used was mainly semi-structured interviews where three employees from Ica participated, and four from Coop. The respondents were selected because they held different positions within the companies and were expected to possess the knowledge needed. Companies that have followed the rapid growth have experienced both internal and external changes that have nevertheless resulted in positive financial management. E-commerce is hopefully here to stay and companies see a bright future.

El comercio de bienes y servicios se viene posicionando en Perú mediante el desarrollo de plataformas digitales, situación acentuada desde marzo de 2020 por el impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19. La creciente posesión de dispositivos electrónicos (teléfonos móviles, tabletas, computadoras personales) por usuarios de diversos niveles socioeconómicos (A, B y C, principalmente) y segmentos etarios, ha contribuido, entre otros, a la mayor compra de bienes y servicios por canales digitales. Uno de estos bienes son los obsequios o regalos personalizados —materia del presente trabajo de investigación— que vienen siendo demandados por un público amplio del Perú, por las características singulares de los mismos, y son elaborados mediante técnicas de sublimación de imágenes y textos. Se busca evocar una emoción o un recuerdo que haga muy especial esta atención. El proyecto empresarial SubliGifts, que es la marca del negocio proyectado, procura facilitar al cliente todo el proceso de elección del arte y la entrega física del regalo para posicionarse en el mercado de regalos personalizados mediante un esmerado servicio de atención al cliente, alta calidad de los productos y con talento humano adiestrado y experimentado en diseño gráfico y comercialización. / Trade in goods and services have been positioning itself in Peru through the development of digital platforms, a situation that has been accentuated since March 2020 by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The growing possession of electronic devices (mobile phones, tablets, personal computers) by users of several socioeconomic levels (A, B, C, mainly) and age segments have contributed among others to the greater purchase of goods and services through digital channels. One of these goods are gifts or personalized gifts —the subject of this research work—. This has been demanded by a wide public in Peru due to their unique characteristics and these are made by means of image and text sublimation techniques. It seeks to call an emotion or a memory that makes this attention very special. The SubliGifts business Project which is the brand of the projected business seeks to facilitate the customer the entire process of choosing the art and the physical delivery of the gift, position itself in the personalized gifts market through careful customer service, high quality of products and human talent trained and experienced in graphic design and marketing. / Trabajo de investigación