本研究旨要探討加盟總公司對於加盟業者所提供的服務的實際程度？這些對滿意度真的很重要？亦或關係導向及其因素對滿意度的影響較重要？加盟業者對加盟總公司的滿意度是否對績效有所影響？或可增加未來合作的程度？加盟業者對總公司所提供的好處的實際感受？對關係行銷中的信任程度及未來合作影響如何？綜合以上的架構，建立一整體的概念，以加盟業者為研究對象，獲得實證結果，實際了解加盟業者對總公司所提供的服務與關係行銷品質對滿意度及未來合作的影響，並從結果中提出建議，以供參考。 依據實證結果，影響加盟業者滿意度的主要因素為總公司的關係行銷的活動，而非總公司所提供的服務項目。因此總公司是否造成業者的信任及良好的溝通品質，形成彼此的穩固的關係；及總公司與業者建立資產專屬性，使業者更加信任總公司的供需決定及績效的提升，這些才是業者對總公司的總體滿意度主要關鍵條件，進而直接或間接使未來合作意願的提升，支持理論發展出的假說。 根據實證結果，建議業者如何經營關係行銷的實際活動，讓彼此更加的信任及未來合作的意願更加穩固。

This thesis focuses on the emergence of the teenaged consumer as a market segment in Canada during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. It challenges the notion that teenagers were of little interest to retailers until economics and demographics shaped the more numerous and prosperous post-war teenagers of the Baby Boom generation. Using evidence from corporate records and analysis of mail order catalogues, the study examines how department store retailer, the T. Eaton Company, Limited, began to cultivate a distinct and lucrative teenaged consumer in the 1930s, and thereby began shaping the teenaged consumer. The thesis contextualizes the case study of Eaton’s by exploring the varied expectations that adults had of young people at the time, using census records and magazines (Chatelaine, Canadian Home Journal and Mayfair) to explore concerns about young people’s transition to adulthood. It then focuses on how Eaton’s made a concerted and sustained effort to attract teenager customers to its catalogue and stores. Analysis of its semi-annual catalogue highlights the emergence of specialized clothing size ranges and styles, revealing that Eaton’s increasingly viewed the teenaged years as an important in-between life stage. Eaton’s also instituted teenage advisory councils to both glean market trends and provide a venue for what it considered education for novice consumers. Eaton’s presented consumption as a way to prepare young people for adult roles, legitimizing teenaged participation in the consumer marketplace and contributing to wider debates about when and how teenaged Canadians should reach maturity.

運動產業之品牌銷售公司，產品須配合四季推出，生命週期短且汰換率高，此外擴張產品策略到休閒服飾，也因此面臨休閒服飾國際品牌紛紛進入之衝擊及流行趨勢挑戰。在高度競爭的運動產業中，消費者的購買行為強烈受到品牌認知影響，品牌建構成為產品差異化的重要關鍵。業者為了提昇業績成長和提高市佔率，如何有效地將有限的行銷資金投資於品牌之建構，成為重要的管理議題。藉由在人潮聚集的主要商圈投資經銷商或自營的銷售店點，開設品牌形象專賣店，是業者達成業績成長的主要策略之一。在快速投資的過程中如何提升採購效率，降低開店成本，以達到盈餘成長，攸關業者的生存發展。因此，開設銷售店點之營運流程，也成為成本控制的重要關鍵流程，藉以在精簡的人事組織中持續簡化流程，增加營運效率，確保服務品質，降低成本，提高企業競爭力。 本研究首先運用企業流程資訊有機體( PWIO)模式分析個案公司開設銷售店點交易循環的營運流程，透過分析作業流程對內、對外之資訊聯絡管道和接觸點，以實作表詳實描述各項作業的原貌。根據PWIO分析結果，辨識出個案公司管理議題缺失，針對各項作業提出具體的流程改進建議，另一方面在實作表中建立各該流程的目標，並提出具體衡量各作業流程的績效衡量指標。依據目標與績效衡量指標的因果關係進一步探討個案公司的平衡計分卡並描繪策略地圖，提供個案公司持續改善流程的績效管理架構基礎，以實現公司願景。 / The products of the sports brand companies need to be launched seasonally. The life cycle of sports products is short. The market strategy has expanded beyond active users to encompass the leisurewear market which makes the sports industry encounter not only the threat of international leisurewear’s brand but also the challenge of fashion trend. Facing such sharp competition, branding has become a key success factor for differentiation. As consumers are strongly affected by brand images, in order to increase both sales and market share, it is essential to allocate marketing resources effectively to brand building activities. By contributing brand-specific fixtures and signage to franchised stores or direct retail stores in shopper-populated districts, running branded stores has become the main sales growth strategies. In the course of fast investment, how to enhance the efficiency of purchase and how to lower the cost of setting up shops to achieve earning growth become the key to growth. Therefore, the business process of setting up retail shops becomes critical to cost control. In short, the key factors to success lies in how to reengineer the business process in simplified organization, in order to improve performance efficiency, to ensure service quality, to lower cost for the purpose of strengthen industry competition power. This study attempts to analyze the information flow underlying the business process of setting up retail shop for a subsidiary of an international sports brand in Taiwan. Based on the PWIO approach, the operation process was restored and descried in the business table by identifying the practice of contact point (CP) and information channel(IC). The related suggestions to improve management gaps of this process are proposed according to the PWIO analysis. The practices table exploring also help to set up the objectives and concreted performance measures to enhance the value adding degree of this strategic business process. A proposed balanced scorecard and strategy map are developed to serve as the management framework of evaluation and management of the strategic performance to assuring sustained process improvement. Company vision will be achieved through the business process reengineering.

Miwa Yanagi’s Elevator Girls series, a collection of glossy photographs featuring groups of similarly clad women lingering in expansive, empty arcades, made its international debut in 1996. While the pieces garnered positive reactions, Yanagi found that most Western viewers read her work as predominantly “Oriental”—confirming stereotypes of a highly polished techno-topic Japan that was still negotiating gender equality. In this thesis, I explore alternative ways of reading Yanagi’s Elevator Girls series, which, I argue, call attention to myopic views of commercialism and identity in order to provide an alternative reading of these women as agents of transgression and ideological transcendence. Whereas many viewed Yanagi’s works as a comment on capitalist machinations, where consumerism has produced soulless, vapid feminine identities, I focus on the ways in which these women exercise agency without relying on notions of an individualized, unique ego.

Abstract Authors: Mikael Forsberg and Sara-Maria Löfvenberg Tutor: Susanne Åberg Title: Socially Desirable Fast Moving Consumer Goods – A Literature Review on How To Decrease the Gap Between Intention & Purchase Behavior Through Marketing Keywords Branding, Consumer Behavior, Consumer Value Creation, Decision-making, Differentiation, Eco, Ecological, Environmentally Conscious Behavior, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Green Consumer, Green Marketing, In-store marketing, Marketing, Organic, Purchase decision, Socially Desirable, Value Creation. Background and Problem Consumers today are more environmentally conscious than ever. However, it has been found that there is a gap between the consumer’s intention and actual purchase when it comes to products that there is a social pressure to buy for environmental reasons. The potential for the socially desirable segment is estimated to have potential, but growth seems to be slow. It has been stated that until now, there is not enough research done that take a holistic perspective including several fields of marketing. There is a need to review and combine existing literature in various fields of marketing to investigate how the gap can be decreased and sales increased. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to review and combine existing literature in the fields of consumer value creation, decision-making and in-store marketing. By doing so the authors of this thesis aim to present a theoretical model on how producers of socially desirable FMCG can decrease the gap between the consumers’ intention and actual purchase through marketing. Decreasing the gap refers to more fully exploit the potential size of the segment and generate more sales.   Method A completely theoretical method was chosen for this thesis. To the authors’ knowledge there has not been done enough specific research to match the purpose of this thesis. A literature review has therefore been conducted within three separate fields of marketing to get a broader understanding of how the gap between intention and actual purchase can be decreased. Based on the extensive literature review, the authors developed ten propositions that formed a model that can be used as the backbone for future theoretical and empirical research.   Final Discussion Some highlights of the theoretical discussions earlier in this thesis are presented in the final discussion. The authors suggest that purchase decisions of socially desirable FMCG initially are high-involvement decisions that often are formed outside the in-store-setting. This suggests that more long-term marketing efforts such as brand building in some cases can be more important than in-store marketing when it comes to FMCG that are socially desirable. Symbolic values should be highlighted in branding of socially desirable FMCG because the instrumental differences between FMCG and socially desirable FMCG is limited. It is therefore likely that it is more efficient to focus on consumers’ self-identity to convince them to purchase socially desirable FMCG. It is also important that producers of socially desirable FMCG provide consumers with clear product information in-store and that the products are easy to find. Based on the extensive literature review, the authors have developed eight propositions that form the model presented in this chapter.

Master Thesis in Marketing,SchoolofBusinessandEconomicsat Linnaeus University, spring 2012 Authors: Sophie Lindgren and Amanda Tuvhag Title: Corporate Social Responsibility – A successful business strategy or just a trend? Purpose: First of all, this thesis wants to describe managers’ expectations regarding customers’ perception about their retail stores CSR initiatives and furthermore their implemented CSR initiatives. Secondly, to describe customer awareness and engagement towards retail stores CSR initiatives. Finally, to compare the results from retail store and customers, in purpose to identify possible gaps between these two. Research questions:RQ1: What expectations regarding customers’ perception of retail stores CSR initiatives do manager of such stores have and how do they perform CSR activities? RQ2:    How aware are customer regarding retail stores CSR initiative and what level of engagement do customer have concerning retail stores CSR activities? Method:    The empirical material is based on both a quantitative and a qualitative investigation. The quantitative investigation is the main study and contains of a customer survey whereby the collected sample consist of 150 respondents. A pilot study have been conducted in order to improve the intension of the survey. Further, the qualitative investigation contains five in-depth semi-strucutred interviews with local store managers of the selected retail stores. Conclusion: Customer thinks retail stores CSR initiatives are important, but they seldom support them. Retail store expect customers to value CSR products/action low in relation to other factors, but retail store are engaging themselves in several CSR actions. Keywords:    Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), marketing strategy, business ethics, sustainability, reputation, food industry, retailers, gap-model, perception, customer, retail store industry, expectation, environmentally certified, ecological products, fair trade.

A Large instruction window is a key requirement to exploit greater Instruction Level Parallelism in out-of-order superscalar processors. Along with the instruction window size, the size of various other structures including the issue queue, store queue and register file need to increase as well. However, the cycle time and energy consumption of conventional large monolithic Content Addressable Memories (CAMs), the underlying structure of most conventional issue queue and store queue designs, worsen rapidly with an increase in size. This results in a three way trade-off involving ILP, clock frequency and energy consumption. In this thesis, we propose efficient designs for the issue queue and the store queue that improve the circuit latency and energy consumption while minimizing the loss in IPC. We propose the Scalable Low power Issue Queue (SLIQ) design which segments the issue queue structure to reduce the latency. This is complemented with a fast Wakeup index to a consumer in the issue queue for every instruction. As this consumer instruction can be woken up directly, without any delay, this mitigates the IPC loss faced by the pipelined issue queue. Also, as the scheme incorporates a pipelined broadcast, the indices are not required for correctness and can simply be gang invalidated on branch mispredictions. The IPC loss of an 8 segment SLIQ is Within 2.3% for the entire SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite while achieving a 39.3% reduction in issue latency. Further, in the SLIQ design unnecessary broadcasts to the higher segments are avoided most of the time as in a large majority of the cases, an instruction has a single consumer. This consumer is woken up either by direct indexing or by broadcast in the first segment of the SLIQ. This enables the 8 segment SLIQ to significantly reduce the energy consumption and the energy-delay product by 48.3% and 67.4% respectively on an average. SLIQ also allows the architects to segment the issue queue carefully so that the latency of the issue logic is just within the per pipeline stage latency goals of the design. We also propose the Scalable Low power Store Queue (SLSQ) to address similar problems associated with the store queue data forwarding logic. We extend the state- of-the-art Store Vector based Disambiguator to also predict the index of the store that will forward to a given load. SLSQ marginally adds to the hardware budget, but predicts the store queue index of the store which will forward with an accuracy of 99.5% on an average. SLSQ, thus, eliminates unnecessary address broadcasts and Compares and reduces energy consumption of the store-to-load forwarding logic by 78.4% and 91.6% for the SPEC Int and FP suites respectively. Another variant of SLSQ, eliminates the need for a CAM in the forwarding logic and achieves a 49.9% reduction in store to load data forwarding latency while incurring a minimal IPC loss less than 0.1% on average for the entire SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite.

近年來由於網際網路的發達，帶動電子商務的興起、活絡，消費者消費型態的改變直接的衝擊到各個零售通路的經營，台灣地區便利商店的發展更是快速，密集度位居全球之冠。 未來，如何在有限的實體空間下，充分發揮連鎖型便利商店據點多、分佈廣、以及全天候營業的特性，運用虛擬化的模式擴大經營服務的範圍。 本研究是以便利商店業就其在代收服務、電子商務服務、預購服務、以及物流服務導入虛擬化經營模式的作業架構及作業流程一一探討，在其演進的過程中都是以如何提供消費者更便利的服務為前提。 / In recent years, eBusiness has grown enormously due to the popularity of the Internet. This change in consumers' buying habits has a direct impact on the management of retail businesses, including convenience stores. The density of these stores in Taiwan ranks among the highest in the world, and their numbers are rapidly increasing. In the future, with limited available space, how shall we use the virtual business operation model to expand the scope of the management and service using benefits of convenience stores, such as multiple locations, wide distribution and 24/7 availability? In this research, we discuss methods to provide better service to consumers, by using the virtual business operation flowchart along with services provided by convenience stores, such as bill payment, eBusiness, pre-sale and logistics services.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken roll trender har i heminredningsföretagets marknadsföring och få en större förståelse för hur trender kan användas som ett marknadsföringsverktyg inom heminredningsmarknad. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade djupintervjuer och observationer. Uppsatsen är en fallstudie om heminredningsmarknaden med huvudfokus på Åhléns hemavdelning.Teori: Studien har insamlat teorier inom områdena trender, kundfokus samt marknadsföring och kommunikation.Resultat: I resultatet visade det sig att trender kan användas som ett marknadsföringsverktyg men trender är inte enbart ett verktyg. Trender är basen för hela marknadsföringen. Samtidigt används trender även i framtagandet av sortiment och är en av grunderna för heminredningskampanjer. Trender kan användas i alla kanaler beroende på vad man vill förmedla till konsumenter. / Ekonomi, teknik och design

This dissertation studies important issues in supply chain management and marketing interface research: competition, product line design, and channel efficiency, at the presence of vertically differentiated products. Vertical differentiation as a means of price discrimination has been well-studied in both economics and marketing literature. However, less attention has been paid on how vertical differentiation has been operationalized. In this dissertation, we focus our study on two types of vertical differentiation: the one created by a product line which is produced by the same firm, and the one created by products from different firms. We especially are interested in the so-called private label products vs. the national brand products. Specifically, this dissertation explores how vertical differentiation can affect the interactions among the members of a supply chain in several different contexts. In the first piece of work, we use a game theoretic model to explore how the ability of a retailer to introduce a private label product affects its interaction with a manufacturer of a national brand. In the second essay, we are investigating how an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) will be affected by the entry of a competitor when there are strategic suppliers of a critical component. If these suppliers behave strategically, it is not clear that the entry of other players will necessarily be harmful to the incumbent. In the last work, we pay our attention to an emerging change happening in the industry: some retailers begin to sell their private labels through their competitors. We investigate the strategic role of a retailer selling her own private label products through another retailer. In summary, this dissertation illustrates how vertical differentiation play a crucial role in firms' supply chain as well as marketing strategies. Therefore, it is important for firms to recognize these strategic issues related to vertically differentiated products while making operations/marketing decisions. / text