Section A is a review of the literature pertaining to positive environmental influences on sexual identity development amongst sexual minority (SM) adolescents. Extant research suggests SM adolescents are at risk of adjustment difficulties; there is a dearth of research regarding positive influences on development. Positive influences include micro-­system factors, such as friend and family affirmation, with limited understanding of macro-­system factors. Section B reports the research study, which took an ecological approach to investigating protective factors in the lives of sexual minority adolescents. It aimed to investigate affirming experiences, exploring whether sexual minority ‘affirming messages’ (AM) are experienced, the process of experiencing AM and their perceived effects. A mixed-method cross sectional design with three phases of qualitative and quantitative data collection was implemented. Phases included a 12 participant focus group, an online survey completed by 107 participants and respondent validation with five participants. Participants reported AM were experienced, but were not accessible enough. AM were less accessible when first considering sexual identity, a time of negative feelings. Participants were actively engaged in seeking AM, most commonly on-line and from friends and least commonly from school. The importance of role models, similar others and self-acceptance was recognised. Results suggested that although AM are not considered accessible enough, they have a positive impact. This has implications for provision of AM within educational settings and the media.

Šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje vykstančios permainos, psichinė įtampa kaupiasi ir atsispindi šeimose, keičiasi jų gyvenimas, buitis. Šeimos susiduria su naujais, iki šiol nepatirtais ir sunkiai suvokiamais procesais bei problemomis. Keičiantis sąlygoms, vyksta pokyčiai ir šeimų vertybinėse orientacijose. Sparčiai nyksta būdingi tradiciniai šeimos bruožai. Šeima yra pirmoji socialinė grupė, su kuria vaikas labai glaudžiai susijęs. Pirmiausia šeima nuo pat kūdikystės yra pagrindinis tarpininkas tarp visuomenės bei jos kultūros ir vaiko. Čia vaikas girdi, kas vyksta aplink jį, čia vertinami ir jautriai išgyvenami gyvenimo įvykiai, o tam nelieka abejingas ir pats vaikas. Skyrybos vaikams - ne vienadienis įvykis, o ilgas procesas, kuris prasideda dar prieš oficialią ištuoką ir tęsiasi ilgą laiką. Vaikai kenčia dėl tėvų konfliktų, žeidžiama jų psichika, kuri nespėja prisitaikyti prie nervinės įtampos šeimoje. Tėvams išsiskyrus, vaiko psichikoje prasideda negrįžtamas procesas - savo vertės sumažėjimas. Vaikui reikalinga abiejų tėvų meilė, todėl jis savo elgesiu protestuoja prieš savavališkus tėvų jausmus ir santykius. Skyrybos keičia ne tik įprastas socialines sąlygas, bet dažnai iki pat gelmių sukrečia vaiko psichiką. 3-10 metų vaikų pagrindiniai raidos principai yra tokie, kad jie pradeda kurti santykius su bendraamžiais ir kitais bendruomenės nariais, vystosi moralinė raida, formuojasi empatija, vaikai turi didesnes galimybes, valdant vidinius impulsus, formuojasi savęs suvokimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Changes and psychical stress happening in the modern society concentrate and reflect in families. Families are confronted with new, till now inexperienced and hardly realized processes and problems. Also changes happen in families’ value orientation by changing conditions. Traditional family features disappear expeditiously. Family is the first social group, which child is closely connected with. Firstly, family from the infancy is the main intermediate between society and its culture, and a child. Here a child hears what is happening around him/her. Here life events are judged and experienced sensitively. So and a child is not apathetic to all this. Divorce for children is not a one day event but a long process, which starts before the official divorce and lasts for a long time. Children suffer parents’ conflicts when their mind which is not in time to adjust to nervous strain in a family is injured. When parents brake up, an irreversible process starts in a child’s mind that is called his /her value reduction. A child needs the love from both parents; therefore, he/she protests by his/her behavior against high-handed parents’ feelings and rapport. Divorce changes not only everyday social conditions but also shocks deeply a child’s mind. The main development principles of children from 3 to 10 years are such that children start creating relations with other children of the same age; moral development, empathy and self perception as a self capable and competent individual... [to full text]

Mokinio statuso įtaka profesijos pasirinkimui Analizuojant individų tarpusavio santykių pobūdį ir ypatumus, vartojama statuso sąvoka. Statusas - pasirinkimų pagal tam tikrus kriterijus įvairioms veiklos sritims skaičius, tenkantis vienam klasės mokiniui. Statusas atskleidžia grupės nario padėtį grupės santykių sistemoje kitų grupės narių požiūriu. Magistro darbe bus nagrinėjamas moksleivių socialinis statusas kaip veiksnys; sąlygojantis raišką bendruomenėje bei veiksniai, lemiantys mokinio statusą, apžvelgiama statuso svarba asmenybės ugdymui(si), savęs vertinimui ir profesijos pasirinkimui. Šiame darbe bus tiriamas profesijos pasirinkimas vadybiniu aspektu, nagrinėjama profesijos pasirinkimo problematika bei pateikiama mokinio statuso ryšio su profesijos pasirinkimu įžvalga. Tyrimo objektas - moksleivių statuso įtaka profesijos pasirinkimui. Tyrimo tikslas - ištirti mokinių statuso reikšmę pasirenkant profesiją. Šis tikslas realizuotas sprendžiant tyrimo šiuos uždavinius: 1. Teoriškai pagrįsti moksleivio statuso įtaką jo asmenybės ugdymui(si). 2. Išanalizuoti profesijos pasirinkimą lemiančius veiksnius. 3. Ištirti moksleivių statuso sąsajas su profesijos pasirinkimu. Tyrimo metodologija. Pirmajame etape taikomi metodai: literatūros, mokslinių publikacijų analizė. Antrajame etape atsižvelgiant į tyrimo tipą ir sprendžiant iškeltus uždavinius, naudojami šie tyrimų metodai: sociometrinis testas bei anketinė apklausa. Trečiame etape - tyrimo duomenų apdorojimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The analysis of the character and peculiarities of interrelations among individuals involves the concept of status. Status – is a number of choices made according to certain criteria done for various areas of activities falling for one pupil of a class, or status – the position of a group member in the system of group relations in terms and attitudes of other group members. The master thesis addresses social status of pupils as a factor determining expression in community and the factors determining the status of a pupil, makes an overview of the importance of status for personality (self) education, self-esteem and the selection of a profession. The thesis will analyze the choice of a profession as a managerial dimension, will analyze the topic of profession choice and will attempt to get an insight into the connection of pupil’s status and the selection of a profession. The object of the research is the influence of a pupil’s status on the selection of a profession. The aim of the research is to analyze the importance of a pupil’s status when choosing a profession. The aim has been met by solving the following objects of the research: 1. To reason theoretically the influence of a pupil’s status on the (self) education of his/her personality. 2. To analyze the factors determining the selection of a profession. 3. To analyze the connection of pupils’ status and the selection of a profession. The research methodology. The methods applied in the first stage are as follows:... [to full text]

L’angoisse est un état qui se distingue des autres sentiments en ce qu’elle ne survient devant rien de précis, mais plutôt devant notre vie en général. Mais que signifie-t-elle? Pourquoi fait-elle jour? Le présent mémoire vise à mieux comprendre le phénomène de l’angoisse à travers les conceptions de deux philosophes s’y étant attardé de façon importante : Søren Kierkegaard et Martin Heidegger. Il cherche à cerner ce que ces deux conceptions, malgré des divergences importantes, peuvent amener comme éclairage philosophique à ce phénomène proprement humain. En fait, leurs conceptions philosophiques respectives de l’angoisse transforment – permettent un autre regard -, sur la question. Ils ne font pas vraiment état des effets psychologiques de l’angoisse, mais plutôt de ce que cette dernière peut permettre d’ouvrir comme perspective de saisie de l’être humain. Effectivement, l’angoisse, comme situation affective, permet d’atteindre l’être humain d’une façon plus profonde et plus originaire que ne le ferait n’importe quelle science. Elle permet de se positionner au cœur de ce qui constitue l’être humain, qui est une synthèse entre deux éléments contraires (l’âme et le corps, l’ontique et l’ontologique, etc.), dévoilant ainsi l’existence de l’être humain d’une manière toute particulière. De plus, l’angoisse assure aussi le lien entre le possible et le réel, mettant ainsi l’être humain devant un enjeu fondamental de sa condition, à savoir son possible, son destin. / Anxiety differs from other feelings and states in that it is not directed at anything specific, but rather towards life in general. But what does anxiety mean? Why does it come about? The present dissertation seeks to understand anxiety through the works of two philosophers who dealt with these questions at length: Søren Kierkegaard and Martin Heidegger. By taking into account various similarities and differences between these two conceptions, we will come to a better understanding of how philosophy has clarified this peculiarly human phenomenon. In fact, one might say that these conceptions have served to transform — or to open a new perspective on — the question of anxiety. No longer is anxiety treated in terms of its psychological effects, but rather in terms of how it allows us to grasp something essentially human. Anxiety, qua affective situation, provides a privileged mode of access to the human being, deeper and more original than any purely scientific approach. Anxiety thrusts us into the heart of what is constitutive of the human being: a synthesis of two contrary factors (be it the soul and the body or the ontic and the ontological). Moreover, anxiety articulates the connection between possibility and reality, placing the individual before a fundamental feature of human existence: one’s own most possibilities, or destiny.

All that pushes and pulls is a modern dance work that investigates the blurred relationship between individuality and conformity in Western society. The ensemble piece explores the influence of trends of individuality - social movements that emphasize individualism in an attempt to break from the conformity of mass society yet eventually become adopted into mainstream norms. Through an emphasis on personal movement styles, manipulation of uniform choreography, and explorations of group dynamics and spacing, the piece illustrates how individuals navigate these trends in a society where individual expression has become a requirement rather than a suggestion.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 1995. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [276]-292).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2006. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 693 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Nous avons l’habitude de penser que l’organisme pluricellulaire, comme un certain homme et un certain cheval, est un modèle de l’individu. Toutefois, la philosophie contemporaine des sciences de la vie propose un certain nombre de définitions de l’individualité biologique qui provoquent des débats sans fin. Nous proposons une analyse historique des modifications de la notion d’individu qui ne vise pas à régler les débats, mais à comprendre la diversité des pensées portant sur cette notion. Nous commençons par analyser la découverte de la régénération du polype d’eau douce, faite au milieu du XVIIIe siècle par Abraham Trembley. Nous arrivons à mettre en lumière la rénovation philosophique effectuée au début de XXe siècle par Henri Bergson. L’histoire de la notion d’individu biologique présente des pensées qui transforment l’évidence en problématique. L’invention et la réinterprétation des concepts biologiques comme l’organisme, la cellule, la division du travail, le milieu, la sélection naturelle et la vie, permettent à la pensée biologique de remettre en cause la définition étymologique du terme d’individu, l’identification de l’individu et de l’organisme et la possibilité même de déterminer le niveau d’organisation correspondant à l’individu. La pluralité des concepts d’individu ne signifie pas qu’il faille renoncer à l’usage du terme en biologie. Au contraire, elle permet de mettre au jour l’ontologie impliquée dans les théories biologiques pour poser en termes précis les problèmes biologiques et philosophiques. La pensée de l’individualité biologique ouvre un vaste champ de recherche où les philosophes et les biologistes ont à travailler ensemble. / From a commonsense perspective, the multicellular organisms such as men and horses are thought of as typical examples of biological individuals. But contemporary philosophers of biology present a number of definitions of biological individuality which stimulate an intense debate over deciding the level of organization to which the biological individuality corresponds. This research proposes a historical analysis, which doesn’t aim to solve the conceptual issues, but to understand the diversity of biological thinking about individuality. From the regeneration of the polyp discovered by Abraham Trembley in the middle of the 18th century to the philosophical renovation achieved by Henri Bergson at the beginning of the 20th century, the biological thinking called into question the basis on which the notion of biological individuality was built. The invention and the reinterpretation of the concepts such as the organism, the cell, the division of labor, the milieu, the natural selection and the life, allowed to ask if the biological individuality can be defined as indivisibility, secondly if it can be identified with the organism, and finally if one can determine the level of organization to which the biological individuality corresponds. The diversity of concepts of biological individuality doesn’t mean that this term is dispensable for the biological research. It allows to present the biological and philosophical problems in more precise terms, so that the biologists and philosophers can cooperate to tackle them.