Mokinio statuso įtaka profesijos pasirinkimui Analizuojant individų tarpusavio santykių pobūdį ir ypatumus, vartojama statuso sąvoka. Statusas - pasirinkimų pagal tam tikrus kriterijus įvairioms veiklos sritims skaičius, tenkantis vienam klasės mokiniui. Statusas atskleidžia grupės nario padėtį grupės santykių sistemoje kitų grupės narių požiūriu. Magistro darbe bus nagrinėjamas moksleivių socialinis statusas kaip veiksnys; sąlygojantis raišką bendruomenėje bei veiksniai, lemiantys mokinio statusą, apžvelgiama statuso svarba asmenybės ugdymui(si), savęs vertinimui ir profesijos pasirinkimui. Šiame darbe bus tiriamas profesijos pasirinkimas vadybiniu aspektu, nagrinėjama profesijos pasirinkimo problematika bei pateikiama mokinio statuso ryšio su profesijos pasirinkimu įžvalga. Tyrimo objektas - moksleivių statuso įtaka profesijos pasirinkimui. Tyrimo tikslas - ištirti mokinių statuso reikšmę pasirenkant profesiją. Šis tikslas realizuotas sprendžiant tyrimo šiuos uždavinius: 1. Teoriškai pagrįsti moksleivio statuso įtaką jo asmenybės ugdymui(si). 2. Išanalizuoti profesijos pasirinkimą lemiančius veiksnius. 3. Ištirti moksleivių statuso sąsajas su profesijos pasirinkimu. Tyrimo metodologija. Pirmajame etape taikomi metodai: literatūros, mokslinių publikacijų analizė. Antrajame etape atsižvelgiant į tyrimo tipą ir sprendžiant iškeltus uždavinius, naudojami šie tyrimų metodai: sociometrinis testas bei anketinė apklausa. Trečiame etape - tyrimo duomenų apdorojimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The analysis of the character and peculiarities of interrelations among individuals involves the concept of status. Status – is a number of choices made according to certain criteria done for various areas of activities falling for one pupil of a class, or status – the position of a group member in the system of group relations in terms and attitudes of other group members. The master thesis addresses social status of pupils as a factor determining expression in community and the factors determining the status of a pupil, makes an overview of the importance of status for personality (self) education, self-esteem and the selection of a profession. The thesis will analyze the choice of a profession as a managerial dimension, will analyze the topic of profession choice and will attempt to get an insight into the connection of pupil’s status and the selection of a profession. The object of the research is the influence of a pupil’s status on the selection of a profession. The aim of the research is to analyze the importance of a pupil’s status when choosing a profession. The aim has been met by solving the following objects of the research: 1. To reason theoretically the influence of a pupil’s status on the (self) education of his/her personality. 2. To analyze the factors determining the selection of a profession. 3. To analyze the connection of pupils’ status and the selection of a profession. The research methodology. The methods applied in the first stage are as follows:... [to full text]

L’angoisse est un état qui se distingue des autres sentiments en ce qu’elle ne survient devant rien de précis, mais plutôt devant notre vie en général. Mais que signifie-t-elle? Pourquoi fait-elle jour? Le présent mémoire vise à mieux comprendre le phénomène de l’angoisse à travers les conceptions de deux philosophes s’y étant attardé de façon importante : Søren Kierkegaard et Martin Heidegger. Il cherche à cerner ce que ces deux conceptions, malgré des divergences importantes, peuvent amener comme éclairage philosophique à ce phénomène proprement humain. En fait, leurs conceptions philosophiques respectives de l’angoisse transforment – permettent un autre regard -, sur la question. Ils ne font pas vraiment état des effets psychologiques de l’angoisse, mais plutôt de ce que cette dernière peut permettre d’ouvrir comme perspective de saisie de l’être humain. Effectivement, l’angoisse, comme situation affective, permet d’atteindre l’être humain d’une façon plus profonde et plus originaire que ne le ferait n’importe quelle science. Elle permet de se positionner au cœur de ce qui constitue l’être humain, qui est une synthèse entre deux éléments contraires (l’âme et le corps, l’ontique et l’ontologique, etc.), dévoilant ainsi l’existence de l’être humain d’une manière toute particulière. De plus, l’angoisse assure aussi le lien entre le possible et le réel, mettant ainsi l’être humain devant un enjeu fondamental de sa condition, à savoir son possible, son destin. / Anxiety differs from other feelings and states in that it is not directed at anything specific, but rather towards life in general. But what does anxiety mean? Why does it come about? The present dissertation seeks to understand anxiety through the works of two philosophers who dealt with these questions at length: Søren Kierkegaard and Martin Heidegger. By taking into account various similarities and differences between these two conceptions, we will come to a better understanding of how philosophy has clarified this peculiarly human phenomenon. In fact, one might say that these conceptions have served to transform — or to open a new perspective on — the question of anxiety. No longer is anxiety treated in terms of its psychological effects, but rather in terms of how it allows us to grasp something essentially human. Anxiety, qua affective situation, provides a privileged mode of access to the human being, deeper and more original than any purely scientific approach. Anxiety thrusts us into the heart of what is constitutive of the human being: a synthesis of two contrary factors (be it the soul and the body or the ontic and the ontological). Moreover, anxiety articulates the connection between possibility and reality, placing the individual before a fundamental feature of human existence: one’s own most possibilities, or destiny.

All that pushes and pulls is a modern dance work that investigates the blurred relationship between individuality and conformity in Western society. The ensemble piece explores the influence of trends of individuality - social movements that emphasize individualism in an attempt to break from the conformity of mass society yet eventually become adopted into mainstream norms. Through an emphasis on personal movement styles, manipulation of uniform choreography, and explorations of group dynamics and spacing, the piece illustrates how individuals navigate these trends in a society where individual expression has become a requirement rather than a suggestion.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 1995. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [276]-292).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2006. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 693 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Nous avons l’habitude de penser que l’organisme pluricellulaire, comme un certain homme et un certain cheval, est un modèle de l’individu. Toutefois, la philosophie contemporaine des sciences de la vie propose un certain nombre de définitions de l’individualité biologique qui provoquent des débats sans fin. Nous proposons une analyse historique des modifications de la notion d’individu qui ne vise pas à régler les débats, mais à comprendre la diversité des pensées portant sur cette notion. Nous commençons par analyser la découverte de la régénération du polype d’eau douce, faite au milieu du XVIIIe siècle par Abraham Trembley. Nous arrivons à mettre en lumière la rénovation philosophique effectuée au début de XXe siècle par Henri Bergson. L’histoire de la notion d’individu biologique présente des pensées qui transforment l’évidence en problématique. L’invention et la réinterprétation des concepts biologiques comme l’organisme, la cellule, la division du travail, le milieu, la sélection naturelle et la vie, permettent à la pensée biologique de remettre en cause la définition étymologique du terme d’individu, l’identification de l’individu et de l’organisme et la possibilité même de déterminer le niveau d’organisation correspondant à l’individu. La pluralité des concepts d’individu ne signifie pas qu’il faille renoncer à l’usage du terme en biologie. Au contraire, elle permet de mettre au jour l’ontologie impliquée dans les théories biologiques pour poser en termes précis les problèmes biologiques et philosophiques. La pensée de l’individualité biologique ouvre un vaste champ de recherche où les philosophes et les biologistes ont à travailler ensemble. / From a commonsense perspective, the multicellular organisms such as men and horses are thought of as typical examples of biological individuals. But contemporary philosophers of biology present a number of definitions of biological individuality which stimulate an intense debate over deciding the level of organization to which the biological individuality corresponds. This research proposes a historical analysis, which doesn’t aim to solve the conceptual issues, but to understand the diversity of biological thinking about individuality. From the regeneration of the polyp discovered by Abraham Trembley in the middle of the 18th century to the philosophical renovation achieved by Henri Bergson at the beginning of the 20th century, the biological thinking called into question the basis on which the notion of biological individuality was built. The invention and the reinterpretation of the concepts such as the organism, the cell, the division of labor, the milieu, the natural selection and the life, allowed to ask if the biological individuality can be defined as indivisibility, secondly if it can be identified with the organism, and finally if one can determine the level of organization to which the biological individuality corresponds. The diversity of concepts of biological individuality doesn’t mean that this term is dispensable for the biological research. It allows to present the biological and philosophical problems in more precise terms, so that the biologists and philosophers can cooperate to tackle them.

Au cours de cette thèse on développera l'hypothèse que l'individu biologique soit une unité fonctionnelle hiérarchiquement organisée : une définition qui correspond à l'ontologie des systèmes biologiques et influence la pratique de la biologie. Le but de cette thèse est de démontrer que l'organisation des entités en niveaux n'est pas une question purement méthodologique : le fait d'avoir des Individus à plusieurs niveaux fait partie de l'ontologie des systèmes biologiques. Le point de départ de la thèse c'est le constat qu'il y a des individus biologiques à plusieurs niveaux : c'est-à-dire des entités spatio ­temporellement limitées et uniques. Même s'il y a plusieurs types de niveaux d'entités biologiques (évolutionnaires, physiologiques, moléculaires, etc. ) c'est certainement les niveaux de sélection qui occupent une grosse partie du débat. A quel niveau agit-elle la sélection et si elle est la force la plus Importante de l'histoire, est une question majeure. Ce qui caractérise la biologie est donc une complexité dynamique. Les caractéristiques de chaque entité sont influencées par celles des entités è côté. Pour cette raison, se demander quelle est l'unité de sélection n'est pas une question pertinente pour comprendre l'ontologie de systèmes biologiques. Tout d'abord, Il n'y a pas que les niveaux de sélection: réduire l'émergence des niveaux supérieurs à l'action de la sélection naturelle est une vision simpliste. Notamment, l'exemple du cancer nous conduit à considérer les niveaux fonctionnels comme importants pour la compréhension de l'ontologie des vivants. Les transitions évolutionnaires, par exemples, nous montrent que les nouvelles formes d'organisation sont caractérisées par des nouvelles fonctions. La naissance d'une organisation complexe permet de réaliser plus de fonctions. En conclusion, on peut montrer comment une définition de l'individu biologique comme unité fonctionnelle permet de réconcilier la métaphysique des sciences avec une notion de sens commun et, en même temps, d'être utile pour la pratique de la science. / One of the main problems related to the definition of individuality in biology is how to account for the hierarchical structure of nature, which has been prominently emphasized in evolutionary theory (Dobzhansky 1937; Eldredge 1985; Mayr 1963; Liebermann, Vrba 1995). Nowadays, works in several areas validate a hierarchical approach to the study of biological individuality: the debate on the units of selection, for example, springs from the idea that hierarchy is the product of evolution by natural selection. Moreover, studies on major evolutionary transitions inquiry why selection at lower levels does not disrupt integration at higher levels (Maynard Smith, Szathmary 1995). Finally, the hierarchy theory (Gould, Vrba 1986) proposes a new formulation of the Darwinian theory, ln order to overcome reductionism. Moreover, nowadays cancer, thanks to its analysis from a multi-level perspective, is increasingly considered as a pathology linked to the tissue organization more then to the cell regulation (Sonnenschein, Soto 1999). ln effect, cancer was originally considered to be a deregulation of the normal growing program of the cell. Exploring the notion of hierarchy and levels of individuals in biology has epistemological and ontological consequences. First of all, from an epistemological point of view we have to understand whether complexity is the necessary outcome of natural selection. Another problem is to understand why selection at lower levels does not disrupt integration at higher levels (Maynard Smith, Szathmary 1995, Calcott Sterelny 2011 ). A paradigmatic case in which integration between lower and higher levels is lost is cancer, in which selection acting on cells destroys tissue and organism organisation (Nowell 1976, Okasha 2006). This pathological case seems to show that biological individuals have a hierarchical organization ln which the identity of parts depends both on their interactions and on higher-level effects. Therefore, relations among levels are crucial: we need a relational ontology of levers· (Bertolaso 2013, 2016), which will allow understanding how each level ls the result of relations among underlying parts. Then, from an ontological point of view, the problem we face today in defining the most fundamental level in biological hierarchy is the same of the old metaphysical problem of defining parts and wholes. This is an ontological concern: asking what makes of an aggregate a real individual The aim of this dissertation ls to show that a definition of individual as functional unit gives reason of the hierarchical organization of living beings: it allows a contextual analysis of the individual (Goodnight). Through such a definition, we can overcome reductionism without supporting a naif pluralism.

MORAES, Betania Moreira de. As bases ontológicas da individualidade humana e o processo de individuação na sociabilidade capitalista: um estudo a partir do Livro Primeiro de O Capital de Karl Marx. 2007. 161f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-03T14:54:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_TESE_BMMoraes.pdf: 1228719 bytes, checksum: 97a49d42a67da33a56c35fa536c130c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-04T13:02:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_TESE_BMMoraes.pdf: 1228719 bytes, checksum: 97a49d42a67da33a56c35fa536c130c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-04T13:02:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_TESE_BMMoraes.pdf: 1228719 bytes, checksum: 97a49d42a67da33a56c35fa536c130c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The study, which resulted in the present thesis, was developed in the context of the Research Group Marxism, Education and Class Struggle of the Graduate Program in Education of Federal University of Ceará (UFC), in articulation with the Research Group Work, Education and Class Struggle of the Institute for Labor Movement Studies and Research (IMO) of Ceará State University (UECE). The central question of the study is focused upon the treatment bestowed by Marx to the problem of individuality in The Capital, examining, therein, to what extent the understanding of appearance and essence relationships stated by Marx, clarifies the categorical complex of individuality and its connections with human upcoming. In Marx, there isn’t and there couldn’t be a scientific method previously established, once knowledge starting point could only be the subject to be known. In this sense, the study demanded the immanent capturing of The Capital, or, in other words, the understanding of Marx by Marx himself, seeking to reproduce from within Marxian writings, the fundamental elements intertwined to the complex of individuality determinations. The text is organized in two chapters. The first one presents the compound of Brazilian Marxist productions, which deals with the subject of individuality presented in Marx’s works which precede The Capital. The second one condenses the results of the research about human individuality in The Capital - Book I, Volumes I and II. In that chapter, there are exposed the analytical nodules upon which Marx poses the problem of individuality, which are understood to be the following: the ontological bases of human individuality; the individualization process in capitalist society; and individuality and human upcoming. The study indicates that human individuality is treated in Marx’s works as a categorial complex, which designates both, a given form of existence in the course of historical process of constitution of social being; and the singular way of being of each unique individual, that is, the way which a given form of existence is appropriated by each individual. It is concluded, moreover, that Marx, in The Capital, not only reveals the modern society economic laws, but the essence of individuality which is produced within the complex of Capital. Such individuality expresses the substance, contradictions, and antagonisms established with this very form of sociability, considering that, on one side, individuality became undeniably richer and more complex in the course of history; and, on the other side, it is denied as such, because summed up within the context of economic relations, to represent the personifications of the captialist and the worker, respectively. The study finally points out the follow-up studies which should be developed by the author in the future, such as the analysis of the next two volumes of The Capital, for the purpose of (1) unveiling the relations between the singular and universal dimensions in the complex of the world of men determinations; and (2) contributing to the advancement of a Marxian theory of individuality, a crucial step towards the comprehension of socio-historical process, and, therefore, that of human upcoming. / A pesquisa, realizada na forma de tese de doutorado, insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa Marxismo, Educação e Luta de Classes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira da Universidade Federal do Ceará e no Grupo de Pesquisa Trabalho, Educação e Luta de Classes do Instituto de Estudos e Pesquisas do Movimento Operário - IMO da Universidade Estadual do Ceará. A questão central perseguida nesse estudo é o tratamento da problemática da individualidade humana na obra marxiana O Capital, perscrutando em que medida o entendimento da relação entre aparência e essência do modo de produção capitalista desvelada no texto em estudo ilumina o complexo categorial da individualidade e seus nexos com o devir humano. Em Marx não há, nem pode haver método científico previamente estabelecido a ser seguir na pesquisa, pois o ponto de partida para o conhecimento só pode ser a própria matéria a ser conhecida. Nesse sentido, a investigação aqui proposta exigiu a captura imanente da obra investigada na busca do entendimento de Marx por Marx, procurando reproduzir pelo interior mesmo da reflexão marxiana o trançado determinativo de seus escritos sobre o complexo categorial da individualidade. O texto encontra-se organizado em dois capítulos. O primeiro apresenta o conjunto das produções realizadas no âmbito da tradição marxista brasileira sobre a individualidade humana nas obras marxianas que antecedem nosso estudo de O Capital. O segundo capítulo condensa o resultado da pesquisa sobre a individualidade humana no Livro Primeiro de O Capital - Tomos I e II, no qual apresentamos o tratamento conferido por Marx ao complexo categorial da individualidade em seus lineamentos gerais, bem como, expomos o traçado analítico dos nódulos categoriais elencados, a saber: as bases ontológicas da individualidade humana, o processo de individuação na sociabilidade capitalista e a individualidade em seu devir, que expressam de forma mais desenvolvida o estatuto onto-histórico conferido por Marx à individualidade na obra pesquisada. Nosso estudo aponta que a individualidade humana é tratada no legado marxiano aqui revisado como complexo categorial cuja expressão é utilizada tanto para designar uma dada forma de existência dos homens no curso do processo histórico de autoconstituição do ser social, quanto para designar o modo de ser singular e irrepetível de cada indivíduo, que expressa, nada mais nada menos, a forma particular na qual cada indivíduo se apropria dessa dada forma de existência. Assinala, ainda, que Marx em O Capital apreende e revela não só a lei econômica do movimento da sociedade moderna, mas a essência da individualidade humana que se produz na forma capital. Uma individualidade, cuja substância expressa as contradições e os antagonismos que estabelece com essa dada forma de sociabilidade: por um lado afirmada enquanto portadora, no curso do evolver histórico, de uma substância inegavelmente mais rica e complexa, por outro lado negada enquanto personificação das relações econômicas nas figuras do capitalista e do trabalhador, uma vez que a produção e reprodução do gênero humano no capital se erige sobre a negação da individualidade. Indica, por fim, como estudos que deverão desdobrar-se no curso de nossa trajetória acadêmica, a análise dos outros dois Tomos de O Capital, procurando desvelar as relações entre universal e singular na determinação do mundo dos homens, na perspectiva de buscar elementos significativos para o avanço da construção de uma teoria marxiana da individualidade, entendimento esse crucial para a compreensão do processo histórico social e, por conseguinte, do devir humano.