The purpose of the essay is to examine and discuss the attitudes presented from different players involved in the development of religious education (RE) for upper secondary school in Sweden, and see if and what solutions are presented for solving these problems. A qualitative content analysis was used in order to investigate the different players, the Swedish schools inspectorate and the different researchers involved in the development of RE,attitudes and criticism towards religious education in Sweden.This study has shown that there are many fundamental issues with religious education in Sweden in such areas as different attitudes from both teachers and students towards RE, teachers competence in RE and towards the goal and criteria in the curriculum “outlooks onlife” (Swedish: Livsåskådningar). However, this essay has also proven that there have been no clear solutions presented by any of the players as to solving the issues of RE in Sweden, leaving a gap between schools, teachers and the other players involved in the development of religious education in Sweden.

The dissertation focuses on the assessment of the content of the inspection reports of the Czech School Inspectorate (CSI) in the context of the main stategical documents concerning the Czech educacional policy since the publication of the National Programme of the Development of Education in the Czech Republic (The White Book) in 2001. The thesis comprises of the historical introduction of the state supervision over schools in Bohemia and the extent of competency of the Czech School Inspectorate, which is currently conducting the schools external evaluation. The CSI provides the feedback to the schools through the inspection reports and the feedback to the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports through the annual reports. The dissertation examines the compliance of the contents of the inspection reports and the strategical documents of the Ministry of Education.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-04-01T18:00:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 politicas_publicas.pdf: 1760153 bytes, checksum: 56a624c6a133a8504a9c015b21c4359b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T18:00:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 politicas_publicas.pdf: 1760153 bytes, checksum: 56a624c6a133a8504a9c015b21c4359b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho aborda temática que conjuga políticas públicas e história da educação. Analisa de que forma a Inspetoria de Educação do Município de Rio Grande-RS foi implementadora das políticas educacionais entre 1930-1945. A geografia da região facilitou a instalação de um porto, tornando a cidade escoadouro da região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O afluxo de capitais estrangeiros no final do século XIX acabou criando relações diferenciadas das etnias com o poder público que refletiram inclusive na educação. No Período Vargas a primeira iniciativa relacionada à educação foi a criação do Ministério da Educação e Saúde Pública, seguida de uma reforma educacional. O civismo também foi prioridade nas políticas públicas educacionais varguistas. É característica do período Varguista a campanha de nacionalização do ensino, muito presente no Rio Grande do Sul nas regiões de colonização européia. A ênfase era nos conteúdos nacionais, em especial nas disciplinas de história e geografia do Brasil, bem como na língua portuguesa e no combate a ideias divergentes do ideal nacional. O trabalho do inspetor escolar era pautado por determinações políticas e inclusive ideológicas, próprias do período histórico. Controle, fiscalização e até punição sempre estiveram atrelados, ao longo da história educacional, à inspeção escolar. Dessa forma a inspeção escolar buscava exercer o controle através de fiscalizações sobre os agentes envolvidos na educação, bem como às instituições educativas, visando a efetivação, controle e regulação das políticas educacionais do período. As inspeções da Inspetoria de Educação de Rio Grande passaram a serem mais rigorosas, apontando falhas e cobrando as medidas sugeridas. Entretanto o inspetor não tinha poder de ação, ele apontava falhas e sugeria soluções, mas a palavra final era do prefeito. A busca pela ordem, pelo asseio e pela disciplina era constante, e tinha como foco o trabalho dos professores e a condução da escola, isso era verificado nas inspeções realizadas periodicamente. A Inspetoria de Educação buscava um equilíbrio entre as políticas educacionais e os vínculos na comunidade expressos nos exemplos apontados na documentação utilizada. Nos casos analisados ocorreu o uso diferenciado das prescrições nacionalistas da educação. Tal fato se deve aos vínculos com a comunidade e a busca pela manutenção do poder. Em Rio Grande a Inspetoria de Educação buscava manter um bom relacionamento com a comunidade, sempre que possível atendendo as suas demandas e visando um equilíbrio com as prescrições nacionais. O trabalho foi realizado com fontes primárias, que foram analisadas a partir da metodologia histórico-crítica. / This work approaches a thematic that inflects public policies and history of education. It analysis which way the Inspectorate of Education of the city of Rio Grande – RS was the implementer of educational policies between 1930-1940. The geography of the region facilitated the installation of a port, making the city the outlet of the south region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The flow of foreign funds in the end of the XIX century ended up creating different relations of ethnics with the government which reflected also in education. In the Vargas time, the first initiative regarding education was the creation of Education and Public Health Ministry, followed by an educational reform. The civics also was priority in the Vargas educational public policies. It is a characteristic of Vargas time the campaign of nationalization of teaching, very present in Rio Grande do Sul in the regions of European colonization. The emphasis was in the national content, especially in the disciplines of Brazilian history and geography, as well as Portuguese and fighting divergent ideas of the national idea. The work of the school inspector was guided by political determinations and also ideological, typical of the historical period. Control, supervision and even punishment had always been linked, throughout educational history, to school inspection. This way, the school inspection sought to exert control through supervisions around the agents involved in education, as well as the educational institutions, aiming the accomplishment, control and regulation of the educational policies of the period. The inspections made by the Educational Inspectorate of Rio Grande came to be more rigorous, pointing out flaws and charging the measures suggested. However, the inspector did not have the power of action, he pointed out flows and suggested solutions, but the final word was the mayor’s. The search for the order, for neatness and for discipline was constant, and had as its focus the work of teachers and the conduct of the school, it was verified in the inspections conducted periodically. The Educational Inspectorate sought the balance between the educational policies and the links in the community expressed in the examples pointed out by the utilized documentation. In the analyzed cases, occurred the different usage of nationalist education requirements. This fact is due to the links with the community and the search by the power maintenance. In Rio Grande, the Educational Inspectorate sought to keep a good relation with the community, attending its demands and seeking a balance with the national requirements always as possible. The work was done with primary fonts, that were analyzed from the historical-critical methodology.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuota ir įvertinta esama situacija Lietuvos nelegalaus darbo kontrolės efektyvumo srityje ir numatytos šių problemų sprendimo kryptis. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje nagrinėjamos nelegalaus darbo atsiradimo priežastys. Analizuojami legalaus ir nelegalaus darbo probleminiai aspektai, nelegalaus darbo formavimosi aspektai. Antrojoje darbo dalyje analizuojama nelegalaus darbo reiškinių kontrolės problema Europos Sąjungoje, vertinamos Lietuvos nelegalaus darbo apimtys ir nelegalaus darbo kontrolės sistema. Trečiojoje dalyje analizuojamas nelegalaus darbo kontrolės efektyvumas Lietuvoje, atliekant Lietuvos Valstybinės darbo inspekcijos nelegalaus darbo kontrolės efektyvumo ekspertinį tyrimą, pristatomos nelegalaus darbo kontrolės efektyvumo problemos Lietuvoje sprendimo kryptys. / In Master's thesis there analyzed and evaluated the current situation of the undeclared work control efficiency in Lithuania. The problem – solving directions are specified. In first main part of the thesis there are researched emerge causes of the undeclared work. Analyzed legal and illegal work problematic aspects, undeclared work formation aspects. In the second part of the thesis there are analyzed undeclared work phenomena control problem in the European Union, assessed undeclared work volume and undeclared work control system in Lithuania. In the third part of the thesis analyzed undeclared work control efficiency in Lithuania. Trying to find out the undeclared work efficiency problems, was made an expert survey of the Lithuanian State Labor Inspectorate and finally presented problem – solving directions of the undeclared work control efficiency Lithuania.

The following article analyses the progressive process of deregulation of labour and social relations through the withdrawal of the State and public authorities, as well as public administration, control and direction of the relations of this type, both individual and collective. The comparison is made between the Spanish and Peruvian model, but especially between the regulation of the European Union and several Latin American countries. Stands in the article between “public” intervention – regulation legislative or Government– of “administrative” intervention, control by the administration of the employment relationship, especially in this case through the labour inspection bodies. / El artículo analiza el progresivo proceso de desregulación de las relaciones laborales y sociales a través de la retirada del Estado y de los poderes públicos, así como de la Administración Pública, en el control y dirección de las relaciones de este tipo, tanto individuales como colectivas. La comparativa se efectúa entre el modelo español y peruano, pero muy especialmente entre la regulación de la Unión Europea y de diversos países de América Latina. Se distingue en el artículo entre la intervención “pública” –regulación legislativa o gubernamental– de la intervención “administrativa”, control por parte de la Administración de las relaciones laborales, especialmente en este supuesto a través de los órganos de la inspección de trabajo.

The development of new innovations in explosives was an important part of the industrialization process from the mid-nineteenth century. The establishment of the world´s first nitroglycerin factory – Nitroglycerin Aktiebolaget (NA) in Stockholm in 1864 started a process replacing gunpowder with nitroglycerin and from 1868 by the safer invention dynamite. This affected both the long-term relationships between the mining industry and the powder mills and the demand from new industries for efficient and safe explosives. Even though the explosives industry was a small industry, it was of great importance for many other industries and for economic transformation. With dynamite and its successors, society also faced new risks. As a result, an extensive legislation was developed at an early stage which was supplemented with further supervision from a government authority in various organizations from 1895. The aim of the thesis is to investigate and analyze the major decision-making processes of the Swedish civilian explosives industry during the period 1858-1950. The purpose of the work is to contribute to gaining knowledge about how the society´s regulation of different industries has evolved and how state and private actors have acted in the development of new regulations. The work is structured around three main questions. The first question is about how the Swedish explosives industry developed during the period. How did the technological development of the industry and the explosives look like and had this any impact on the questions the actors within the industry drove? The second question is about how the dynamite industry was regulated. What did the regulations contain and how was the control organized? How did rights and obligations look like and how was the industry affected by this? The third question concerns the regulatory process itself. How and why did the regulations change and which actors were involved in the various changes? How did the Government and the actors act and can we see shifts over time between their different roles and interests? The study concludes that NA was the actor that, by using different methods, managed to gain the greatest influence over the regulatory process. Although the traditional established powder mill industry competed with NA at an early stage, it was nevertheless the initial, high-tech company that was involved in creating new national regulations in negotiation with the regulating authorities. This was a process of regulatory capture where NA, by combining both direct and indirect capture methods, managed to gain influence over regulations in the long run. A parallel but slightly different characteristic of this regulatory capture process is risk minimization for the public. Despite the occurrence of regulatory capture the regulations developed in a kind of a co-regulation system where the regulators became dependent on NA to provide the technical and practical expertise needed to build the necessary regulatory framework.

Syftet med studien är att analysera det praktiska tillämpandet av miljöbalken inom lantbruksområdet i form av den miljötillsyn som utförs avkommunala tillsynsmyndigheter gentemot lantbrukare med anmälnings- eller tillståndspliktig verksamhet. Studien avser att kartlägga erfarenheteroch upplevelser av den operativa delen av miljölagstiftning samt ifall förändringar av densamma efterfrågas. I studien har semi-struktureradeintervjuer genomförts med sju respondenter i Östergötland. Resultatet av intervjuerna analyseras utifrån de teman som identifierats, för attundersöka erfarenheter och upplevelser av miljötillsynen. Resultaten visar att det som är av störst betydelse för lantbrukarna är möjligheterna tillkommunikation och dialog samt att inspektörernas förståelse för verksamhetens förutsättningar måste öka. Även skillnader som uppstår på grundav tolkningsfriheten för respektive tillsynsmyndighet, måste enligt lantbrukarna begränsas för att bli enhetlig nationellt sett. Vi identifierar att detfinns en förtroendeklyfta mellan lantbrukare och inspektörer vilket kan påverka upplevelsen av miljötillsynen. Arbete med att ta fram åtgärder föratt minska denna klyfta bör ske kontinuerligt för att säkerställa en effektivare miljötillsyn och för att skapa ett ökat förtroende mellan lantbrukareoch inspektörer. / The purpose of the study is to analyze the practical application of the Environmental Code in the field of agriculture in the form of environmentalinspections carried out by municipal regulatory authorities vis-à-vis farmers with a notification or authorization requirement. The study intends tomap the experiences of the operational part of environmental legislation and if changes to it are required. In the study, semi-structured interviewswere conducted with seven respondents in the county of Östergötland. The results of the interviews are analyzed based on the themes identified toinvestigate the experiences of environmental supervision. The results show that the most important thing for farmers is the possibility ofcommunication and dialogue, and that the inspectors' understanding of the business conditions must increase. Even differences arising from thefreedom of interpretation of the respective supervisory authorities, according to farmers, must be limited to being uniform nationally. We identifythat there is a trust gap between farmers and inspectors, which can affect the experience of environmental oversight. Work to develop measures toreduce this gap should be done continuously to ensure more effective environmental inspections and to increase trust between farmers andinspectors.

Digitaliseringen anses vara en transformerande drivkraft i samhället med en betydande påverkan på revisionsbranschen. Revisionsarbetet utvecklas till att ske alltmer digitalt. Tidigare forskning belyser det faktum att revisorernas kompetensbehov har förändrats till följd av den teknologiska utvecklingen. Syftet med denna studie var att bilda en förståelse kring digitaliseringens påverkan på revisionsbranschen och därmed Revisorsinspektionens (RI) utbildningskrav för auktorisation av revisorer. En kvalitativ forskningsmetod har använts för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställning. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har utförts med anställda från Revisorsinspektionen samt verksamma revisorer hos Big Four-byråerna. Den insamlade empirin har därefter analyserats utifrån studiens teoretiska referensram. Slutsatserna som dragits visar att digitaliseringen har en betydande påverkan på revisionsbranschen men endast en viss påverkan på Revisorsinspektionens utbildningskrav. De nya kraven från 2018 möjliggör en bredare utbildningsbakgrund hos revisorerna, vilket anses vara fördelaktigt enligt empirin ur ett digitaliseringsperspektiv.  Vidare visar studien att det föreligger ett förändringsbehov av Revisorsinspektionens utbildningskrav. Respondenter från revisionsbranschen anser att teknisk grundutbildning är fördelaktigt för revisorer, då stor del av revisionsarbetet sker med digitala arbetsverktyg. I takt med att klienterna även digitaliseras dras slutsatsen att viss teknisk kunskap är nödvändig för att revisorerna skall erhålla en förståelse kring klienternas finansiella information och dess verksamhet. Således anses det från revisionsbranschens håll att teknisk grundkunskap bör implementeras i RI:s utbildningskrav för auktorisation av revisorer. Enligt analys av empiri och den teoretiska referensramen tyder resultatet på att förändringar i utbildningskraven hindras av institutionell tröghet hos Revisorsinspektionen. / Digitalization is a transforming force with a significant impact within the auditing industry. The auditing process is developing towards being increasingly digital. Previous research has highlighted that the auditor’s competence needs have changed because of digitalization. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of digitalization within the auditing industry and thereby the Swedish Inspectorate of Auditors’ (SIA) educational requirements for authorization of auditors. A qualitative research method has been used to answer the purpose and research questions of this paper. Interviews have been conducted with employees from the SIA and auditors at the Big Four-firms. The empirical data were analyzed based on the theoretical framework. The conclusions show that digitalization has a significant impact on the auditing industry, but only a certain impact on the SIA’s educational requirements. The new requirements from 2018 enable a wider educational background for auditors, which is considered advantageous for the auditing industry. Furthermore, the study shows that there is a need for change in the SIA’s educational requirements. Respondents from the auditing industry believe that basic technical education is beneficial for auditors, as most of the auditing process is performed by using digital tools. It is concluded that some technical knowledge is necessary for the auditors to gain an understanding of the clients’ financial information and its operations. It is therefore considered that basic technical knowledge should be implemented in the SIA’s educational requirements. However, the result indicates that changes in these requirements are prevented by institutional inertia at the SIA.

Memoria para optar al grado de Licenciada en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales / En la presente tesis se analizarán comparativamente las instituciones encargadas de supervisar y controlar la ejecución de las penas privativas de libertad en el marco de los sistemas de responsabilidad penal adolescente de los ordenamientos jurídicos chileno e inglés, particularmente las Comisiones Interinstitucionales de Supervisión reguladas en el Reglamento de la Ley 20.084 y la rama de la Inspectoría de Prisiones británica a cargo de las Young Offender Institutions. Su caracterización y comparación se hará a la luz del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, derechos de la infancia y derechos de los jóvenes privados de libertad con el objeto de determinar cuáles son los principios generales en la materia y cuáles son las obligaciones de cada Estado en el ámbito en cuestión. A través de este trabajo se pretende situar al modelo inglés como un referente en la materia e identificar las falencias en que pudieran incurrir las Comisiones a la hora de dar garantía a los derechos humanos de los jóvenes privados de libertad

Sweden has developed ambitious goals regarding energy and climate politics. One major goal is to change the entire electricity production from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources, this will contribute to Sweden being one of the first countries in the world with non-fossil fuel in the electricity sector. To manage this, major changes need to be implemented and difficulties on the existing grid will occur with the expansion of digitalization, electrification and urbanization. By using smart grids, it is possible to deal with these problems and change the existing electricity grid to use more distributed power generation, contributing to flexibility, stability and controllability. The goal with smart grids is to have a sustainable electricity grid with low losses, security of supply, environmental-friendly generation and also have choices and affordable electricity for customers. The purpose of this project is to identify and evaluate several indicators for a smart grid, how they relate and are affected when different scenarios with different technologies are implemented in a test system. Smart grid indicators are quantified metrics that measure the smartness of an electrical grid. There are five scenarios where all are based on possible changes in the society and electricity consumption, these scenarios are; Scenario A – Solar power integration, Scenario B – Energy storage integration, Scenario C – Electric vehicles integration, Scenario D – Demand response and Scenario E – Solar power, Energy storage, Electric vehicles and Demand response integration. A model is implemented in MATLAB and with Monte Carlo simulations expected values, standard deviation and confidence interval were gained. Four selected indicators (Efficiency, capacity factor, load factor and relative utilization) was then analyzed. The results show that progress on indicators related to all smart grid characteristics is needed for the successful development of a smart grid. In scenario C, all four selected indicators improved. This shows that these indicators could be useful for promoting the integration of electric vehicles in an electricity grid. In Scenario A, solar power integration contributed to all indicators deteriorate, this means that, technical solutions that can stabilize the grid are necessary to implement when integrating photovoltaic systems. The load factor is a good indicator for evaluating smart grids. This indicator can incentivize for an even load and minimize the peak loads which contributes to a flexible and efficient grid. With the capacity factor, the utilization and free capacity can be measured in the grid, but it can counteract renewable energy integration if the indicator is used in regulation.