Considerando a atual situação dos povos indígenas no Brasil e a necessidade de se inserir no Direito a proposta de diálogo intercultural, na presente pesquisa tem-se como objetivo situar o Direito como fruto de discursos históricos e políticos decorrentes de influências de algumas correntes antropológicas e filosóficas que tomaram o outro como sujeito de pesquisa e, a partir dessa análise, identificar as necessidades e vias possíveis para a implementação do diálogo intercultural enquanto processo discursivo simétrico de construção de consensos. / Considering the current situation of the indigenous peoples in Brazil and the need to introduce in the Science of Law the proposal of intercultural dialogue, this research aims to identify the Science of Law as a result of certain historical and political discourses arising from the anthropological and philosophical studies that took the other as a research subject and, from this analysis, to identify possible ways and needs for the implementation of the intercultural dialogue as a discursive symmetric process to building consensus.

Dentro de uma abordagem pós-colonial acoplada a um embasamento teórico propiciado pela perspectiva da experiência e guiada por uma metodologia pautada pela Análise do Discurso, investiga-se criticamente o texto multimodal de autoria indígena. Para isso, adotase o conceito de interculturalidade e reconhece-se transculturação na forma de tradução cultural e hibridismo que ocorre no \"espaço intersticial\" da escola para índios no qual o texto multimodal de autoria indígena está inserido, com o intuito de desbancar a \"diferença colonial\". Parte-se do pressuposto de que narrativa é local privilegiado do conhecimento de um grupo social. A narrativa indígena vertida em escrita alfabética é estudada com o intuito de chegar-se a uma apreciação da temporalidade - tempo e espaço - que anima os construtos culturais desse grupo social. Surge, a partir da leitura crítica de narrativas indígenas, a evidência da centralidade que a experiência do corpo inserido em lugar (place) ocupa na episteme indígena. Lugar desbanca a soberania linear de tempo e espaço e implica processos complexos, não-lineares. Em posse de um entendimento dessa lugaridade, o passo seguinte é realizar uma análise crítica do texto multimodal - composto de texto alfabético e texto visual - tendo em vista a dinâmica intercultural encenada no encontro da oralidade com a escrita sobre a superfície do papel. Conclui-se que a cisão tempo-espaço e a cisão oral-escrita, firmemente imbricadas no senso comum que orienta as ações voltadas para o letramento indígena, tendem a uma eliminação da diferença e conseqüente homogeneização do discurso cultural, na contramão, portanto, do objetivo de preservação da cultura indígena tão propalado pelos atores envolvidos com a educação escolar indígena no Brasil. / Within a post-colonial approach associated to a theoretical support found in a phenomenological perspective and guided by a methodology based on Discourse Analysis, the indigenous multimodal text, a by-product of the intercultural dynamic found in the \"contact zone\" of the indigenous school, is here critically investigated in view of the concepts of cultural translation, hibridity and colonial difference. The assumption is that narrative is a privileged local of the knowledge of a social group. The indigenous narrative, translated into alphabetic writing, is studied with the aim of appreciating the temporality - time and space - that animates that social group\'s cultural constructs. From a critical reading of indigenous narratives rises the evidence of the centrality that the experience of the body inserted in place holds for the indigenous episteme. Place dislocates the linear overpowering of time over space and implicates complex, non-linear processes. Once an understanding of place as the organizing centre of indigenous narratives is achieved, the next stage is to carry out a critical interpretation of the multimodal text - compounded by alphabetic text side by side with visual text - from the perspective of the intercultural dynamic as it is played out in the convergence of orality and writing on the surface of the paper. The conclusion is that the time-space chasm and the oral-writing chasm, solidly imbricated in the discourse of common sense that underlies the actions taken in regard of indigenous literacy tend to efface difference and promote cultural homogeneization, counter, therefore, to the goal of preservation of indigenous cultures promoted by the actors involved with indigenous schooling in Brazil.

Ce travail s'inscrit dans une veine de recherche en intelligence économique. Un mot clé est souvent associé à l'activité d'intelligence économique au quotidien: c'est celui de réseau. Le réseau est présent à toutes les étapes du cycle du renseignement. Dans ce travail, le concept de réseau va nous intéresser dans une perspective interculturelle. Nous allons plus précisément nous attacher au concept chinois de Guanxi, orientation de l'esprit qui conduit à mobiliser les réseaux de relations dès lors qu'on se trouve face à un problème décisionnel et ce à tous les niveaux de la vie sociale.Pour comprendre les mécanismes du Guanxi, il est nécessaire d'en décrire les mécanismes en utilisant des concepts nécessaires à sa compréhension. La complexité du travail vient du fait que les concepts sous-jacents ne sont pas traduisibles en français autrement que par des périphrases et qu'ils se définissent de façon emboitée. Impossible de comprendre la notion de Guanxi sans s'immerger dans le système social chinois. Afin d'éclairer le lecteur, il nous a paru également utile de mettre en parallèle le concept de Guanxi de concepts voisins qui ont pu être utilisés dans d'autres sociétés. Le Guanxi joue sans doute un rôle de facilitateur dans le développement de l'entreprise chinoise. Il aide les entrepreneurs chinois à réussir. Quel rôle le Guanxi joue-t-il dans la réussite de l'entrepreneur français en Chine? Le Guanxi est-il aussi un élément favorable au développement des entreprises à capitaux étrangers (français) en Chine?Pour répondre à ces questions, nous sommes partis en Chine rencontrer des entrepreneurs français, écouter leur expérience personnelle ainsi que leur pratique professionnelle.La seconde partie rend compte de ce travail de terrain et montre toute la difficulté d'une compréhension fine du concept de Guanxi par ces chefs d'entreprise alors même qu'ils évoluent dans un environnement asiatique. / This work is part of a vein of research intelligence. A keyword is often associated with the activity of intelligence in everyday life: this is the réseau. The network is present at all stages of the intelligence cycle. In this work, the network concept will interest us in an intercultural perspective. We will specifically bind us to the Chinese concept of Guanxi orientation of the mind which leads to mobilize networks of relations as soon as we are faced with a decision problem and at all levels of social life.To understand the mechanisms of Guanxi, it is necessary to describe mechanisms using concepts needed to understand. Complexity of the work is that the underlying concepts are not translatable in French except by circumlocution and how they define nested. Impossible to understand the concept of Guanxi without immerse themselves in the Chinese social system. To inform the reader, we thought it useful to also parallel the concept of Guanxi of related concepts that could be used in other companies.Guanxi undoubtedly plays a facilitating role in the development of the Chinese company. It helps Chinese entrepreneurs to succeed. Guanxi plays what role he in the success of the French entrepreneur in China? Guanxi is it also a favorable factor for the development of foreign-invested enterprises (French) China? To answer these questions, we went to China to meet French entrepreneurs, listen to their personal experience and their professional practice.The second part gives an account of this fieldwork and demonstrates the difficulty of a thorough understanding of the concept of Guanxi by these business leaders even though they operate in an Asian environment

Dans un large corpus de spectacles, lorsque nous acceptons que le spectateur perçoive l’interculturalité en tant que composante scénique, même si l’interaction et le métissage ne sont pas effectivement présents, nous pouvons affirmer que la notion d’interculturalité mérite une mise au point. La variété de types de processus et de constructions scéniques développées dans les quarante dernières années appelle donc un concept capable d’héberger la notion de Diversité. Ainsi, nous proposons une lecture sémiotique de différents croisements et manifestations scéniques, en leur allouant la perception esthétique de la diversité, tel que l’a proposée Victor Segalen. Notre argument veut démontrer que la théorie de Segalen apporte à la scène contemporaine un nouveau regard en faisant confluer d’une façon plus adéquate les différents types de spectacle considérés comme « interculturels ». Cette théorie englobe des notions anthropologiques, ethnologiques, philosophiques et politiques, et qui circonscrivent l’être humain dans un contexte contemporain global, rendant possible une construction sémiotique particulière. Par là, notre thèse recherche les fondements d’une sémiotique de la diversité sur la scène contemporaine et ses différentes formes de manifestation. Elle aspire à comprendre les spécificités émergées avec elle lorsqu’un mécanisme de construction interculturelle est installé dans les processus de construction et de concrétisation. Dans le but d’identifier les bases et formes d’expression qui construisent l’interculturalité en tant que processus anthropologique, nous allons construire une critique sur leurs origines et formations, à partir de l’analyse de différents spectacles. Nous allons donc établir, au moyen de la sémiotique et de l’anthropologie, les différences entre « influence étrangère », dont de nombreux spectacles reçoivent, et « échange culturel » élaboré par un processus intentionnel d’interaction. Nous étudions les morphologies et les fonctions épistémologiques des contacts culturels présents dans la construction et l’énonciation du discours scénique, en réunissant des notions provenant de l’anthropologie, de l’ethnoscénologie et de la sociologie du spectacle, structurant ainsi le cadre sémiotique de la diversité. / Taking into consideration that in a large corpus of performances spectators perceive interculturality as a scenic component, although interaction and hybridisation are not actually present in the production of the play, we can assert that interculturality’s conception merits a review. The variety of scenic processes and constructions developed in the last forty years claim for a concept suitable to accommodate the notion of diversity. Thus, we propose a semiotic reading of different interweaves of cultures and artistic events, combining the aesthetic perception of diversity proposed by Victor Segalen. Our argument intends to show that Segalen’s theory brings to the contemporary scene a new perspective and converges in a manner more relevant, different kinds of performances usually acclaimed as “intercultural”. It provides anthropological, ethnological, philosophic and political notions that circumscribe human being into a contemporary global context, allowing us to set up a specific semiotics. Therefore, our thesis investigates the foundations of a semiotic of diversity in contemporary dramatic scene and its different kinds of manifestation. It seeks to understand the particularities that emerge out of the semiotic of diversity when, in its process of construction and concretization, it establishes an intercultural mechanism. Likewise, we’ll assemble a reflexive critic on its backgrounds and forms, consisting of the analysis of different performances which are the basis and the manners of an intercultural construction as an anthropological process. We want to establish through semiotics and anthropology the difference between "foreign influence", that many of the performances grasp, and "cultural exchange" built up all the way through a deliberate process of interaction. We’ll hunt for morphologies and epistemological functions of cultural contacts that are present in the construction and the enunciation of the performance discourse through the application of concepts drawn from anthropology, ethnoscenology and performance sociology, thus structuring the framework of semiotics diversity.

The aim of the study is to see how teachers and students work in a multicultural school according to a method which teaches students to write before reading with the aid of computers. A further aim to investigate is how pupils with Swedish as a second language develop their linguistic skills using the method. To participate in modern society requires a lot from the individual. To function in a society that is constantly changing requires a good knowledge of the use of language in order to participate as a democratic citizen. It is therefore important that all students develop good linguistic knowledge regardless of their first language. The study is based on interviews with four teachers, operating in a multicultural school. Besides the interviews observations were made of the teachers and students in their daily work with computers. The results of the study showed that the method is language stimulating and develops the second language of the learners. Students received more knowledge than just reading and writing. The student was given an opportunity to develop in inter-cultural contexts, and gained a wider linguistic repertoire. The conclusion was that the teachers were unaware of the opportunities they gave students in their language development. The work contributed to interculturality as a comprehensive foundation for teaching. It was through participation, and meaning creation as starting points in their teaching, but teachers were unaware of their approach to teaching.

The purpose of this study was to find out how young children are allowed to influence and affect their daily lives in preschools, as well as teachers’ views on the latter. My interest in this topic is born out of my experience of working with both younger and older preschool children. My view is that democratic work with older children is largely based on direct verbal communication while with toddlers it is based on an adult’s interpretation of a child’s often non-verbal expressions. Thus, I believe that young children’s opportunities to influence to a greater extent than older children are dependent on having teachers with a conscious child’s perspective. Based on the above-stated purpose I have found it particularly interesting to explore a specific teachers’ approach, that takes advantage of the youngest children’s competencies, but also to identify dilemmas related to this. For that reason, the research questions have partially been formulated in order to discover whether conflicts exist between a young child’s right to influence and their need for care. The study begins with a general historical survey followed by presentations of curriculum history with a focus on children's influence, selected developmental theories and definitions of concepts essential for this study. Developmental theories have been selected for their relevance to the study and focus on Daniel Stern's intersubjectivity theory, its conceptual determination and usefulness in studies such as this. Furthermore, the results of the survey’s qualitative empirical observational studies and interviews based on phenomenological grounds are presented. Its main results argue that young children have the opportunity to influence when teachers allow the child´s perspective to dominate over the adult perspective. In doing this, teachers often show an intuitive awareness of young children's competencies and therefore take a flexible and playful approach in their work. Conflicts between younger children's right to influence and their need for care can be largely avoided using this outlook on democratic work in preschool. Moreover, cultural differences between a teacher´s and toddler’s expressions can be overcome by an intercultural approach where both parties are seen as equal.

This paper is written in the field of Educational Science, and it focuses on literature that pupils read. Literature has the power to shape readers beliefs, that is why this paper aims to examine, and compare two novels that are used in Swedish schools in class settings. Both novels deal with the issue of psychiatric disorder from a woman´s perspective. Research done in the field of psychiatric disorder shows that it is an important subject that should be addressed in schools. Research done from the perspective of gender studies points out the need of representation of female perspective in literature that pupils are working with. This is so that equality between men and women can increase in society. From an intercultural point of view it is important for people suffering from psychiatric disorder to be represented in literature. This is so that social justice can increase in society, which it does when more and more categories of people are given representation. Pupils that uphold prejudice thoughts about psychiatric disorder, or about people suffering from psychiatric disorder, can through reading and discussing about the phenomenon, change their stereotypical way of thinking. Research done in the field of reading shows that reading literature, and then discussing it, can change the way people think. More exactly the paper looks at how the novels describe psychiatric disorder, and if prejudice surrounding psychiatric disorder is reproduced, or questioned in the novels, and if so, in what way. The paper looks also at how the novels describe the woman suffering from psychiatric disorder, and how gender affects her. The examination is done through the method of close reading, and by applying the theory of interculturality, defined by Pirjo Lahdenperä, and the theory of gender, defined by Yvonne Hirdman, to the reading. The examination reveales that both novels describe psychiatric disorder in a prejudiced way, as something rare, and totally life changing. And, both novels describe women in a prejudiced way, as fragile, and their psychiatric disorders are explained to be caused by their weakness. The attitude towards psychiatric disorder differs between the novels. One of the novels is more accepting in it´s language when it comes to psychiatric disorder, while the other novel is merely tolerant in it´s language.

No description available.

p. 1 - 184 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-02-04T17:56:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11111.pdf: 3898391 bytes, checksum: e1f67375891a0335ac2c55688c8fd886 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-02-05T17:33:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 11111.pdf: 3898391 bytes, checksum: e1f67375891a0335ac2c55688c8fd886 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-05T17:33:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11111.pdf: 3898391 bytes, checksum: e1f67375891a0335ac2c55688c8fd886 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo de caso com características etnográficas em que se identifica e se discute estratégias matemáticas, distintas das escolares, utilizadas pelos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras rurais do assentamento Natur de Assis em suas atividades laborais, tais como nas lavouras de mandioca, abacaxi e maracujá. A pesquisa também verificou, na comunidade estudada, a sobrevivência de medidas não pertencentes ao sistema métrico decimal como palmos, passos e tarefas. Discute-se ainda o vínculo do surgimento da Matemática com o surgimento da linguagem, defendendo que as distintas estratégias matemáticas são também linguagens. O estudo considera a Etnomatemática como uma área intercultural; portanto, é, ao mesmo tempo, contrário às perspectivas relativistas bem como às iluministas. Por essa razão se faz uma abordagem pelo viés da cultura para discutir normalizações culturais forjadas a partir da eleição de um sujeito normal que determina identidades, diferenças e fomenta desigualdades sociais; e, assim, discute-se aspectos que possibilitaram a marginalização de negros, homossexuais e mulheres, e como as ideologias dos grupos dominantes tentam naturalizar as desigualdades de acesso ao poder. / Salvador

O problema central da tese consiste na verificação de quais são os desafios da educação escolar na Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol, impondo-se para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, além do estudo preliminar de alguns conceitos afetos à Ciência Política e outras áreas do conhecimento, a análise do conflito fundiário em Roraima com enfoque no referido espaço geográfico. A compreensão do Estado no contexto da pluralidade cultural impôs o enfrentamento das noções de cultura, identidade sincrética e interculturalidade, bem como das políticas públicas que lhes são reflexas na área da educação. A investigação das relações de poder por via do histórico da legislação indigenista no Brasil também foi uma das premissas desenvolvidas no trabalho, demonstrando gradual preocupação com os ideais de etnodesenvolvimento. O objetivo geral da tese foi analisar a relação entre a evolução local da educação escolar indígena e o conflito fundiário envolvendo suas etnias, influenciando os processos de escolarização. O objetivo específico foi identificar quais seriam os desafios desta modalidade educacional no âmbito da TIRSS após a histórica resistência do Governo Estadual ao empoderamento dos povos indígenas ali inseridos. A justificativa para o recorte espacial proposto decorreu das particularidades que esta terra indígena tem em relação às demais em Roraima, caracterizando-se pela reunião de variadas etnias em uma região sabidamente multiétnica e marcada por intensas fissuras políticas, tendo sido erigida recentemente como paradigma para as políticas públicas de demarcação de terras capitaneadas pela União. Quanto às três hipóteses debatidas ao longo da tese, a primeira foi a circunstância política das organizações indígenas locais terem envidado todos os esforços nas últimas décadas para a garantia da posse da TIRSS, retardando o amadurecimento dos processos de escolarização baseados em uma lógica intercultural. A segunda hipótese foi a de que as políticas públicas voltadas à escola e tendentes ao etnodesenvolvimento da TIRSS reclamam o aperfeiçoamento do atual projeto político-pedagógico (ministrado, inclusive, aos não índios), indo além da finalidade profissionalizante e visando à formação de interlocutores capazes de promover um diálogo intercultural e hábil à constituição de identidades sincréticas. A terceira hipótese foi a de que a particularidade da existência de múltiplas etnias no espaço físico da TIRSS traduz-se num incremento ao desafio de promoção de uma educação escolar diferenciada, dadas as assimetrias políticas e o cenário multicultural que lhes são peculiares. Amparado pelas referências bibliográficas, análise de documentos das organizações indígenas e entrevistas abertas com outros agentes sociais relacionados com o tema da educação escolar em Roraima, foi possível arrolar um decálogo de desafios para a constituição dos processos de escolarização intercultural, concluindo-se que a escola indígena não responde às expectativas das comunidades, apenas reproduzindo os sistemas, procedimentos e conteúdos da escola oficial, com a ajuda, por vezes, dos próprios indígenas. Conquanto se constate o início de sua estruturação em Roraima, o modelo proposto atualmente está aquém do necessário para a realização do impositivo diálogo intercultural envolvendo os povos indígenas e a chamada sociedade nacional, existindo ainda preconceitos e discriminações que impregnam as relações sociais em seu caráter difuso, com reflexos nas práticas escolares. / The main problem of the thesis is to verify what are the challenges regarding school education in the indigenous Land of Raposa Serra do Sol, for which it is mandatory the analysis of land conflict in Roraima with focus on the related geographic area; besides the preliminary study on some changing concepts regarding Political Science and other fields of knowledge. The understanding of the State within the context of a cultural plurality imposed confrontation of cultural notions, syncretic identity and interculturality, as well as of public policies which are reflected in the educational field. The investigation of power relations through the indigenous legislation timeline in Brazil was also one of the premises developed in the academic paper showing gradual concern with the ideals of ethnodevelopment. The overall objective of the thesis was to analyze the relation between the local evolution of the indigenous school education and the land conflict involving its ethnicities, influencing the education processes. Its specific objective was to identify what would be the challenges of this education system concerning TIRSS, after the historical resistance of the State Government to the empowerment of the indigenous people included in it. The justification for the proposed spatial cutout was due to the peculiarities that this indigenous land has in relation to the other ones in Roraima which is characterized by the combination of various ethnicities at a region known as multiethnic and marked by intense political fissures; it has been recently established as a paradigm for the public policies of land demarcation commanded by the Union. Regarding the three hypothesis discussed through this thesis, the first one was the political circumstance of the local indigenous organizations which put all their efforts to guarantee the ownership of TIRSS in the last decades, delaying the maturing of education processes based in an intercultural logic. The second hypothesis was that all public policies aimed at education and with a tendency to the TIRSS ethnodevelopment, demand the improvement of the current political-pedagogic project ( ministered to non-Indians as well), going beyond the professional purpose and aiming at the training of interlocutors capable of promoting intercultural and skillful dialogue for the establishment of syncretic identities. The third hypothesis was that the peculiarity of the existence of multiple ethnicities within the physical space of TIRSS is translated into an enhancement in the challenge of promoting a differentiated school education due to the political asymmetries and the multicultural scenario which are peculiar to them. Supported by the bibliographic references, analysis of documentation from the indigenous organizations and open interviews with other social agents relating to the theme of school education in Roraima, it was possible to list a decalogue of challenges for the establishment of intercultural education, then concluding that the indigenous school does not meet the expectations of the communities, only reproducing the systems, procedures and contents from the official school, many times with the help of the natives themselves. While one be certified on the starting of its structuring in Roraima, the current proposed model falls short of what is needed for the official intercultural dialogue to take place involving the indigenous people and the so-called national society; prejudice and discrimination still exist which impregnated the social relations due to their nuclear basis, reflecting in the school practices.